Health
Heart disease risk higher for women who have these unhealthy lifestyle habits

It’s long been known that certain lifestyle and health factors increase the risk of heart disease — but a new study highlights that they could affect women more than men.
Eight specific habits — diet, sleep, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, blood glucose, lipids and blood pressure — appear to have twice the impact on heart health risk for women compared to men, found researchers at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto.
The findings will be presented at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session in Chicago on March 29-31, 2025.
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The study included data from over 175,000 Canadian adults without existing heart conditions who enrolled in the Ontario Health Study between 2009 and 2017, according to a press release.
The researchers analyzed the participants’ scores for the eight risk factors and then tracked the incidence of seven heart disease outcomes over an 11-year period.
Specific habits appear to have twice the impact on heart health risk for women compared to men, researchers in Toronto discovered. (iStock)
Those outcomes included heart attack, stroke, unstable angina (chest pain that results from restricted blood flow to the heart), peripheral arterial disease (narrowed blood vessels in the arms or legs), heart failure and coronary revascularization (procedures to open blocked arteries) and cardiovascular death, the release stated.
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Overall, more women were found to have ideal health (9.1% compared to 4.8% of men).
They were also less likely to have poor health (21.9% compared to 30.5% of men).
Women who had poor health, however, were shown to have nearly five times the risk of heart disease than women with ideal health, the study found.
“We found that women tend to have better health than men, but the impact on outcomes is different.”
In comparison, men with poor health had 2.5 times the risk of heart disease compared to men with ideal health.
Among women with intermediate health, there was a 2.3 times higher risk than for those with ideal health, compared to 1.6 times the risk for men with intermediate health.

Women who had poor health were shown to have nearly five times the risk of heart disease than women with ideal health, the study found. (iStock)
“For the same level of health, our study shows that the increase in risk [related to each factor] is higher in women than in men — it’s not one-size-fits-all,” said lead author Maneesh Sud, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor in the department of medicine, interventional cardiologist and clinician scientist at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, in the release.
“We found that women tend to have better health than men, but the impact on outcomes is different. The combination of these factors has a bigger impact in women than it does in men.”
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This is a new finding that hasn’t been seen in other studies, the researcher added.
Based on the study findings, the researchers concluded that “sex-specific screening or risk assessment approaches” could more accurately predict people’s heart disease risk.

“I think the reason women are being found to be more susceptible to heart disease is because of particular milestone stresses in their lives that men don’t share, which include dramatic hormonal shifts that can bear directly on cardiac function,” one doctor shared. (iStock)
Dr. Marc Siegel, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Health and Fox News’ senior medical analyst, was not involved in the study, but shared his insights on the possible reasons for the findings.
“I think the reason women are being found to be more susceptible to heart disease is because of particular milestone stresses in their lives that men don’t share, which include dramatic hormonal shifts that can bear directly on cardiac function,” he told Fox News Digital.
Those milestones may include pregnancy, childbirth and menopause, the doctor noted.
“Keep in mind that estrogen is in some respects cardio-protective, and it drops dramatically with menopause,” Siegel said. “And at the same time, cholesterol (a cardiac risk factor) increases, as may weight.”

“Overall, women tended to have better health than men, with better diets, blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure,” the researchers stated. (iStock)
“Overall, women tended to have better health than men, with better diets, blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure, but those in intermediate health had a higher risk of heart problems,” he went on.
Due to the study’s limited population, “only certain conclusions can be drawn,” Siegel added.
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Dr. Bradley Serwer, a Maryland-based cardiologist and chief medical officer at VitalSolution, an Ingenovis Health company that offers cardiovascular and anesthesiology services to hospitals nationwide, said there has been a need for studies specifically designed to focus on women’s cardiovascular risk.
“We know that premenopausal women have a lower age-adjusted cardiovascular risk, but this catches up after menopause.”
“For many years, we have falsely assumed that traditional cardiovascular risk factors affected populations similarly,” Serwer, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.
“We know that premenopausal women have a lower age-adjusted cardiovascular risk, but this catches up after menopause.”
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More research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for this phenomenon, the cardiologist noted.
“Is it solely attributable to the protective effects of estrogen, or are there other unrecognized contributors? I commend the authors of this study for their contributions, as they further challenge our conventional approaches to primary prevention in women.”

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Health
4 biggest handwashing mistakes that could increase germs and viruses

Proper handwashing could save a million lives a year, according to an expert — and yet many people are doing it improperly, often due to misconceptions surrounding the practice.
Doctors recommend washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds to reduce the spread of infectious diseases.
The NFID 2025 State of Handwashing Report, recently released by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, provides details on Americans’ handwashing habits (and mistakes).
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The report is based on a survey of 3,587 U.S. adults, conducted in November and December 2024 and March 2025.
Robert Hopkins Jr., MD, medical director of NFID in Maryland, spoke to Fox News Digital about what Americans are doing wrong when it comes to handwashing.
1. Only using hand sanitizer
“We have to recognize that there are a number of important infections that hand sanitizers are not effective at preventing,” Hopkins said.
Proper handwashing could save a million lives a year, according to experts. (iStock)
One example is norovirus, a highly contagious stomach virus that is common on cruise ships and is also spread seasonally.
The virus cannot be killed with hand sanitizer, but is “easily destroyed” with soap and water, according to Hopkins.
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Certain viruses are “encapsulated” and can be destroyed with either soap and water or hand sanitizer, the expert said. However, there is also an “unencapsulated” type of virus, which has an outer coat that does not break down from the alcohol in hand sanitizer.
Using soap and water is a more effective way to kill the germs, the doctor noted.
2. Just coughing into your sleeve
When people cough or sneeze into their sleeve, they could still spread germs afterward.
“If you cough into your sleeve … go ahead and wash your hands with soap and water as well,” Hopkins advised.
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“We also have to recognize that we often bring our hands up close to our face, touch our nose, our glasses, other parts of our face,” noted the doctor, who is based in Arkansas.
“If we have bacteria or viruses on our hands, we can introduce them into our mucous membranes, where we can get infections.”

Nearly half of survey respondents admitted to forgetting or choosing not to wash their hands at key times. (iStock)
3. Washing hands more in certain seasons
The NFID report stated that one in four respondents washed their hands more frequently in the fall and winter, when cold and flu are prevalent.
“The seasonal variance is understandable given that some respiratory diseases, including flu and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), tend to peak during fall and winter,” the report stated.
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“However, other germs — like those that cause colds, norovirus and other infectious diseases — can spread throughout the year. It is important to maintain proper hand hygiene all year round to help stay healthy.”
4. Not washing hands at critical times
Most adults wash their hands after using the bathroom (69%), handling food (48%) and handling human or animal waste (39%), according to NFID’s report.
“We need to reinforce the importance of this simple tool.”
Only 30% of respondents, however, reported that they are likely to wash their hands after sneezing or coughing.
Nearly half of survey respondents admitted to forgetting or choosing not to wash their hands at key times, like after visiting a grocery store, restaurant, doctor’s office, pharmacy, clinic or hospital.

“I think most of the public health campaigns around hand hygiene have been focused on healthcare settings,” a doctor said. (iStock)
“We need to reinforce the importance of this simple tool,” Hopkins said of handwashing.
“I think most of the public health campaigns around hand hygiene have been focused on healthcare settings,” he added.
Regarding handwashing as a practice in general, Hopkins emphasized, “We need to bring this back into the fold.”
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“If everybody washed their hands more consistently, we could probably save somewhere in the neighborhood of a million lives a year.”
Health
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