To lose weight, you have to burn more calories than you take in. As simple as this sounds, you know it can be more complicated than that if you have tried to lose weight. If your goal is to shed some pounds, you’ll first have to figure out how many calories you need to eat and how many calories you burn during a workout.
The number of calories someone needs to burn to lose weight healthily will vary by person. Working with a dietitian or nutritionist can help you establish a practical plan for your body’s specific needs. However, if that’s unavailable, you can learn on your own how to estimate how many calories you need to eat and burn daily to meet your weight loss goals.
To explain the process in greater detail, I consulted Jamie Maitland, renowned fitness instructor, certified holistic nutritionist and founder of The Office Health.
How do calories work?
A calorie is a unit of energy used to express how much energy you exert or consume daily. We need calories; they give the body fuel and the ability to function. The calories you intake that are not used are stored as body fat.
Advertisement
According to the USDA, adult females need to consume between 1,600 and 2,200 calories each day. The average male requires between 2,200 and 3,000 calories. These are just guidelines, and while most people may fall within these ranges, you might not. Body composition and total daily energy expenditure are the two factors that determine your basal metabolic rate.
Read more: The Expert-Approved Way to Count Calories
You burn calories just by living. That’s right, just reading this burns calories. So, whenever you clean your house or garden or do things that don’t feel like a workout, you’re burning calories. Unless you intentionally increase this activity level over some time, your current daily energy expenditure won’t necessarily cause you to lose weight.
How many calories should you burn to lose weight?
Everyone is different, so you’ll have different calorie goals than someone else. Maitland explained that several factors influence how many calories you need to burn to lose weight. They include your weight, age, gender, hormones and health conditions. Your lifestyle and attitude will also come into play.
“In order to really determine how many calories you need to burn to lose weight, you should realistically ask yourself what your goal weight is, and if you are willing to change the way you think in order to achieve those results,” Maitland said.
Advertisement
Calorie needs vary by person, the science behind weight loss is clear: you must be in a calorie deficit. You do this by either reducing the extra calories you’re consuming or burning more than what you’re eating with exercise.
You’ve probably heard of the 3,500-calorie deficit rule, which states that a pound of fat equals 3,500 calories. While this provides a basic framework, Maitland pointed out that it won’t apply to everyone. If you’re unsure where to start, Maitland suggests that you start simply and shave off 500 calories from your normal daily intake and monitor how you feel.
You should always consult your doctor first before making any changes to your diet. Whether you research yourself, meet with a health professional or find an accountability group, your weight loss goals are achievable.
How to calculate the number of calories you burn
If you’re looking for a way to figure out how many calories you burn in a day, a reliable way to do this is by first finding out your resting metabolic rate. Your RMR is the basic number of calories your body needs to function and maintain your weight. This doesn’t account for extra activities that you do during the day. There are a few methods to calculate your RMR, but the most reliable is the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. It calculates the number of calories you need to eat daily based on your assigned gender at birth, height, age and weight. The Mifflin-St Jeor equation looks like this:
Males: (10 × weight in kilograms) + (6.25 × height in centimeters) – (5 × age in years) + 5
Advertisement
Females: (10 × weight in kilograms) + (6.25 × height in centimeters) – (5 × age in years) – 161
If you’re looking to see how many calories you’ll need based on activity level, then you’ll need to multiply your RMR results with your activity level based on the following chart:
1.2 – Sedentary (little to no exercise)
1.375 – Lightly active (workout 1-3 days a week)
1.55 – Moderately active (workout 3-5 days a week)
1.725 – Very active (workout 6-7 days a week)
1.9 – Extra active (two-a-day workouts, active job)
Example: 5-ft 4-in, 125 pounds, moderately active woman, 29 years old
RMR x Activity Level: 1,276.99 x 1.55 = 1,979.3345 calories
What is a caloric deficit?
A caloric deficit is when you burn more calories than you eat in a day. As Maitland mentioned, it’s usually recommended to start a deficit by cutting back 500 calories a day from your diet. It’s important to remember that this may vary per individual so it’s best to consult with a professional before doing so.
Advertisement
Quick tips to cut 500 calories:
Opt for healthy snacks like fruit or nuts
Try to eliminate high-calorie treat each day
Identify low-calorie swaps like using low-fat milk or plain yogurt instead of sour cream
Cut out high-calorie drinks like sodas
Use smaller bowls or plates
Avoid fried foods as often as you can
Remember, calories don’t tell you the quality of food you’re eating. Focus on nutrient-rich foods that ensure your body and mind get what they need to function and flourish.
nensuria/Getty Images
What are healthy weight loss goals?
Losing weight in a healthy and sustainable way is essential for meeting your goals. According to Maitland, a healthy weight loss goal is between 2 and 5 pounds a week. That doesn’t mean that if you’re not losing within that range, you’re doing it wrong. It’s simply a guideline for what is healthy and sustainable. You should expect it to vary each week.
“It’s important to understand the difference between water weight loss and actual fat loss. Regardless of how much weight you would like to lose, it’s imperative to set realistic goals and trust that even the smallest steps taken daily can make a difference. Consistency is the secret sauce,” Maitland said.
Weight loss is a long-term lifestyle change. Maitland highlighted that your weight loss will plateau if you don’t increase the deficit. So, your diet and exercise routines should be evaluated frequently to ensure they suit your goals. That said, if you achieve your goals and find a workout routine that works for you, it’s OK to stick with it.
Advertisement
How to track calorie burn when you exercise
It’s essential to track your progress when exercising, not only so you can see how far you’ve come but also to identify when you need a break.
How many calories you burn will vary by the duration and intensity of your workout, so it’s good practice to use a fitness tracker to simplify things. The top fitness trackers like Fitbit, Apple Watch and Whoop include your calorie burn throughout the day and during your tracked workouts.
Factors that contribute to how many calories you burn:
Your heart rate zone: Smartwatches measure your heart rate zones, or how hard you’re pushing and recovery periods. Heart rate zones will change, so having a record will help you determine when you need to take your workout to the next level.
Your natural resting heart rate: We all have a unique resting heart rate. The normal range falls between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Use your heart rate to inform how often you need to take breaks. For example, you may need to take more breaks if you have a naturally high heart rate.
Your weight: How much you weigh will impact how many calories you burn while exercising. Someone who weighs less will burn less. It’s important to note that muscle mass burns more calories than body fat, so your weight will burn more calories if you regularly strength train.
The type of workout: Strength training may not burn as many calories as cardio, though it’s important to include both sources to build muscle mass and avoid injury.
Read more: Best Fitness Tracker
recep-bg/Getty Images
Too long; didn’t read?
Understanding how calories and weight loss are related is the basis for any wellness journey. Whether you research yourself, meet with a health professional or find an accountability group, your weight loss goals are achievable.
Advertisement
The best part is that you don’t have to completely change your life to lose weight. You can find an exercise routine that works for you. Walking for 20 to 30 minutes daily can go a long way, and at-home exercises can do wonders for losing body fat. Counting calories doesn’t make sense for everyone, especially if you have a history of disordered eating.
“Your life doesn’t need to make sense to anyone but you. Find what motivates you, stick with it and the results will come,” Maitland advised.
Keep your fitness research going by learning when the best time to weigh yourself is, what foods to moderate and which exercises you should focus on to age gracefully.
Actress Jennifer Aniston has launched a new four-week challenge with fitness app Pvolve to help people get into the right mindset to exercise.
The Worth It Everytime campaign, created in collaboration with mental wellness app Headspace, encourages people to view exercise as something that energizes them rather than punishes them.
Pvolve members can access 30-35 minute exercise classes—both in person and online—as well as 30 days of free access to the Headspace app, which offers guided meditations and stress-busting tools to build lasting habits and emotional resilience.
Members who complete all 16 workouts will receive a limited edition Everything Pouch, created exclusively for the challenge.
Advertisement
Aniston, a Pvolve partner and fitness enthusiast, admits she doesn’t always feel in the mood to exercise.
“People assume I’m always motivated, but that couldn’t be further from the truth. I have plenty of days where I don’t want to work out at all.”
However, she says training with Pvolve keeps her going on down days because the app makes exercise feel good rather than a punishment.
Start your week with achievable workout ideas, health tips and wellbeing advice in your inbox.
“What I’ve learned is that the conversation in your head is actually part of the work. You show up for yourself anyway, you move a little, and then something shifts. You feel better. That feeling is what brings me back.”
Advertisement
“I know I’m doing something good for my body long term, and that makes showing up feel worth it every time.”
Pvolve head trainer Dani Coleman adds that, “when movement and mindset work together, something clicks.
“Consistency becomes natural and a workout stops feeling like something you push through and starts feeling like something that truly supports your total-body health.”
To help new members get started, Pvolve is offering 10% off sitewide.
After a period of inactivity, getting your fitness back can feel like a tough slog.
Jason Smith, a personal trainer, nutritional advisor and founder of Fit in Midlife, knows this from personal experience. He got fit again at 50 after years of inactivity, then started training people of a similar age, helping them to do the same.
One type of client that Smith often works with is the ex-athlete—someone who was sporty in their teens or 20s, but became less active with age.
These people are often ready to jump back in at the deep end: running long distances or lifting heavy weights, but find their brain is writing checks their body can’t cash.
Advertisement
“Your brain still thinks that you can do the things that you used to do,” says Smith.
“Your body has had the longest rest period it’s ever going to have and during that period of time, your muscles have gone into atrophy, your cardiovascular system has diminished and you won’t be as capable as you were when you were in your 20s. This is just an unfortunate fact of life.”
“It can be really demotivating because you don’t feel capable,” adds Smith. “You don’t feel as though you’re actually able to do anything. But of course, the truth is very different.”
Start your week with achievable workout ideas, health tips and wellbeing advice in your inbox.
And in Smith’s experience, there are two things that will help you overcome the dejection that can come when expectations meet reality.
Advertisement
1. Find something you enjoy
Smith tells me that the first run he went on after deciding to move more turned into a walk. “Once I’d run about 300 meters, I realised it was much harder than I thought it would be,” he says.
Instead of stopping, Smith decided he was going to do the distance he planned, but by walking, breaking into a jog now and then.
“Despite not being able to do what I intended to do when I left the house, I enjoyed being out in the fresh air, moving my body and being active,” he says.
Now he runs because he loves experiencing beautiful places.
Advertisement
“You don’t have to set a personal best every time that you go for a run,” he says.
“It doesn’t hurt to enjoy the environment while you’re out there,” says Smith. “If you see something that you want to stop and look at, stop and look at it.
“You are still doing the run. You are still improving your cardiovascular fitness. You are still burning calories. You are still getting your heart rate up.”
2. Be consistent and add small challenges
Because he enjoyed his first outing, Smith tried again, and crucially, he tried to do a little more running than last time.
“The next time I went, I was able to run a little bit further and walk a little bit less,” he says. “And I went again. Over time, walks turned into proper runs.”
Advertisement
“By being consistent, you will build up the strength, endurance and stamina that make you more capable,” says Smith. “Start easy and gradually increase the challenge.
“Go to that next lamppost if you’re running, or an additional repetition on each of your sets if you’re weight training.”
“These things add up and make all the difference.”
Three weeks later, he ran up his nearest hill without stopping at all. “It was such a great feeling,” he says.
And that’s how Smith advises formerly athletic midlifers to return to exercise. Find a form of movement they enjoy and aim for achievable, consistent progress. These two simple things will set you up for success in the future.
Advertisement
“You will feel stronger. You will feel fitter. You will have probably lost a little bit of weight as well,” says Smith. “This will also mean you’ll feel a little lighter and more energized. Then you will feel good about the progress that you’ve made.”
You don’t need a gym to exercise. Here’s how to work out at home.
ProblemSolved, USA TODAY
Whether you’re focused on building muscle, improving your balance or working on your ability to complete longer, sustained workouts, one thing’s for sure: you’ll need to take small, actionable steps to reach your fitness goals.
Remember, you don’t need to drastically overhaul your life on January 1. In fact, before making any major changes to your dietary pattern and exercise routine, it’s best to have a conversation with your doctor first, especially if you live with any chronic conditions. In the long run, you’ll most benefit from taking small, actionable steps to help achieve your fitness and nutrition goals, the experts say.
Advertisement
We asked fitness experts to break down their top tips to help you kick off 2026 stronger than ever.
How to fit exercise into a busy schedule
If you’re hitting the reset button on your fitness routine, start small and choose an exercise you enjoy, says Dr. Kimberly Burbank, a primary care sports medicine fellow and team physician at UCLA Athletics. You don’t necessarily need to do the movements traditionally associated with exercise to get a good workout in, either. “I really encourage people to choose (a movement) they actually enjoy doing, because they will probably stick with it more,” she says.
To help set attainable fitness goals, one route is to use the SMART framework of goal setting, recommends Dr. Brandee L. Waite, a professor and vice chair of Wellness & Community Engagement Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at UC Davis School of Medicine, the medical director of the UC Davis Health Sports Medicine Clinic and the director of Lifestyle & Longevity Medicine Innovation.
The SMART acronym stands for goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound, and what’s great about using this framework in an exercise context is that you’re able to approach fitness as you would any other appointment — if it’s scheduled on your calendar, there’s a greater likelihood you’ll honor it, Waite says.
Advertisement
We all know physical fitness is crucial. But how many days weekly should you work out?
When it comes to fitting exercise into a busy schedule, “I try to encourage consistency over perfection,” Burbank says. Often, her patients will express frustration that they’ve missed a week of exercise — and therefore their entire workout schedule has been thrown off. While it’s important to “be as consistent as you can, (understand) that you don’t have to be perfect to still make a meaningful difference,” she says.
If you’re someone who prefers to exercise in the morning, try to make it easy for yourself when you wake up. “It’s so easy when that alarm goes off to just ignore it and move on. But if you have laid out your clothes the night before, have your coffee prepped (and) have your bag packed, then there’s so many (fewer) variables and barriers,” Burbank says.
How often should you exercise?
There’s no perfect cadence as to how often you should exercise. “What works really well for one person, will not work at all for another person. So, it does need to be personalized and realistic,” says Waite. However, there is something to be said about shorter, more frequent workouts. There’s a lower risk of injury, and they’re faster to complete and generally easier to stay consistent with, Burbank says.
Advertisement
Ultimately, what’s most important is to meet a certain number of goal minutes every week, says Dr. Julia L. Iafrate, a sports medicine physician at NYU Langone Health and a team physician for the U.S. Ski Team. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend adults participate in 150-to-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise a week. While this might sound intimidating, that breaks down to only 30 minutes of exercise a day over the course of five days, and could consist of a mix of pilates, yoga or brisk walking.
More: What were the popular workout classes of 2025? See ClassPass report
If you prefer vigorous-intensity aerobic exercises (like HIIT or running), it’s recommended you complete at least 75 minutes a week, which evens out to a little more than 20 minutes of exercise a day over the course of three days. On top of these exercises, the organizations suggest adults should partake in muscle-strengthening workouts at least two days a week.
What are the most beginner-friendly exercises?
There are a few forms of exercise that should be a central focus of your workouts: cardio, muscle strengthening and balance work. Practicing each type of exercise can help improve your ability to do the others and also reduce your risk of injury, Iafrate says.
Cardio. Incorporating aerobic exercises that get your heart rate up (such as running, swimming or cycling) is key to improving endurance, supports heart and lung health, and lowers your risk for a number of chronic diseases, Iafrate says.
Muscle strengthening. Resistance training with weights stimulates two types of muscle contractions: eccentric loading and concentric loading. When you perform a bicep curl with a dumbbell in hand, that’s considered a concentric motion. As you lower the dumbbell and your arm straightens, that is an eccentric motion, Iafrate says. Both movements are important for strength building, tendon health and bone mineral density, she explains.
Balance work. Functional movement training, including tai chi and yoga, is especially beneficial for maintaining flexibility, stabilizing your body and limiting the likelihood of falls down the line, Iafrate says.
Weight-bearing exercise. “Walking, especially for beginners, is super underrated,” Burbank says. Getting your step count up to 7,000 steps a day offers immense benefits for health, including lowering your risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, according to a 2025 study published in Lancet Public Health.
If you’re relatively new to exercise and don’t know what is helpful or harmful, Waite recommends having at least two-to-three sessions with a physical therapist to develop the right type of exercise program. For instance, if someone has a medical condition like hip arthritis, a professional can provide “modifications for a regular fitness training program that won’t further exacerbate the problem that is currently bothering them,” Waite says.
How can nutrition support fitness goals?
“Nutrition and exercise have such a symbiotic relationship,” Burbank says. Throughout your week, prioritize whole, fiber-rich foods, including fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Americans aren’t consuming nearly enough protein, which is essential to muscle building, muscle recovery and satiety, Burbank notes. Your minimum daily intake of protein should hover between 0.8 grams to 1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. To increase your protein intake, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 recommends incorporating more lean meats, poultry, eggs, seafood, legumes, nuts, seeds and soy into your diet.
Advertisement
More: Functional strength training provides many health benefits. But you need to be careful.
Hydration is particularly important, especially prior to working out. “When you’re dehydrated, (it will) increase your likelihood for fatigue and poor peak performance,” Iafrate says. Ideally, we should be drinking between 2.5 to 3 liters of water a day, Burbank says.
More: Consider these 4 doctor-approved tips to help maintain strong, healthy bones
