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Changing The Tune On Tokenization

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Changing The Tune On Tokenization

Businesses are finding value in putting real-world assets on blockchains.

For years, tokenization—creating a digital representation of a tangible asset like real estate—was just a finance-sector buzzword. But lately, more companies are making it a reality by weaving it into their corporate finance strategies (i.e., smart contracts, stablecoins and tokenized US Treasury bills).

The bet is that after a two-year stretch of economic turbulence and sticky inflation, tokenization can help increase liquidity, facilitate faster payments, lower costs, and improve risk management. And while big-name firms are still in the early phases of adopting this Web3 tech, they’re already boasting about viable use cases.

Look at Citi’s new pilot program with global logistics company Maersk. The third-largest US bank tokenized a smart contract to serve the same purpose as bank guarantees and letters of credit, reducing transaction processing times “from days to minutes.”

Big-picture, the firm predicts that tokenized assets will grow by a factor of 80 in private markets and reach up to almost $4 trillion in value by 2030.

“Partnerships like the one made by Citi and Maersk are a significant step forward in showcasing the potential of tokenization for streamlining cash management and trade finance,” says Paul Turner, an Abu Dhabi-based executive director at multi-asset fintech provider Capex.

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Visa is testing tokenization, too. In September, the payments giant teamed up with Paysafe in London to integrate a tokenization service that, it expects, will better protect customers.

Within the same month, Visa led a $12.5 million funding round for Agrotoken. The Argentina-based startup is touted as the first platform to convert physical grains into a digital counterpart via tokenization.

Like other real-world assets [RWAs], the grain goes from being a “real-world asset” to an investment instrument. Once ownership is registered on the blockchain, it becomes tradable, and can be divided into fractions, or securely held.

“There’s a whole drumbeat around wanting to get tokenized real-world assets on chain,” Richard Johnson, CEO of Texture Capital, a broker-dealer specializing in tokenized assets, says.

In the case of Agrotoken, farmers can exchange their tokenized grain for things like supplies, machinery or fuel. The “grain tokens” can also be used to generate a guarantee to request loans, exchanged for local currency, or as a hedge against inflation.

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Tokenization projects are also taking off at Johnson’s former company, Société Générale. The French multinational bank, where he was once head of quantitative electronic services, is “busy putting more institutional assets on chain.” In December, SocGen grabbed headlines when its Ethereum-based stablecoin, the EUR CoinVertible, started trading on European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp.

Afterward, the asset management arm of Paris-based insurance firm AXA used the SocGen stablecoin to buy 5 million euros ($5.4 million) worth of tokenized green bonds. According to AXA, this format bolsters transparency and traceability, and speeds up transactions and settlements.

Also in December, DWS Group (formerly Deutsche Asset Management) confirmed partnering with blockchain firm Galaxy Digital to launch a euro-denominated stablecoin that will “accelerate mass market adoption of digital assets and tokenization.”

Scenarios like these are going to inspire more C-suite executives to embrace tokenization in 2024, if they haven’t already, says Caitlin Long, founder and CEO of Custodia Bank. “Every bank CEO knows this technology is coming, and if they’re not planning for it now, they’re already behind,” she adds. “Watch what they do, not what they say.”

Among the new use cases Long notices, many revolve around tokenized dollars, which can serve as a cash equivalent for accounting and for liquidity coverage ratio purposes. One of the significant benefits of tokenized dollars is that they’re programmable, and “can be embedded into all kinds of software applications, including smart contracts and artificial intelligence,” she explains.

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Tokenized securities are also helpful because of their believed narrower margin for error. “I’m always amazed at the inaccuracies in corporate stockholder or bondholder lists,” Long says. “Tokenization will help fix those inaccuracies while also cutting costs.”

Token Economies

Observers of the “token economy” trend say clashing attitudes could possibly hinder the momentum of mainstream adoption. On one end there are proponents like BlackRock’s Larry Fink. On January 12, the CEO of the world’s largest asset management firm praised the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for finally approving a bitcoin exchange-traded fund, or ETF, after years of back-and-forth.

BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust was among the crypto ETFs that made their trading debut in the US last month. Fink now wants Ethereum ETFs to win SEC approval, but so far, the Gary Gensler-led agency has refused.

“These ETFs are stepping stones toward tokenization, and I believe that’s where we’re headed,” Fink said in a TV appearance.

In contrast, there’s JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon, who  told lawmakers during a December 6 Senate hearing that he has “always been deeply opposed to crypto, bitcoin, etc.”

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Dimon didn’t delineate whether the “etcc” included all tokenization, but it’s worth noting that his firm claims to handle $1 billion in daily transactions on its private blockchain network.

This “hot and cold” tone underscores a lack of focus on the utility of the technology, Jack O’Holleran, CEO of San Francisco-based blockchain startup Skale Labs, says. “The beauty of web3 is that it brings power, transparency, and ownership to users and workers of networks and marketplaces,” he adds. “Web3 will happen with or without the support of centralized banking leaders.”

Abroad, it’s a different vibe. On a recent visit to the Token 2049 event in Singapore, O’Holleran noticed that his Asia-Pacific counterparts are actively encouraged to adopt tokenization.

“APAC projects” enjoy an “innovative ecosystem, supportive regulatory frameworks, and a vibrant community that actively fosters blockchain and tokenization initiatives,” he says. “The US is falling behind in the race to grab Web3 global market share. I’m hoping this will change.”

Capex’s Turner shares a similar sentiment. “The US regulatory landscape is still evolving, with various agencies overseeing different aspects, leading to uncertainty and hindering clear implementation guidelines,” he adds. “The large size of the US economy and its financial markets could hinder the incentives to be a first mover in this area.”

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Meanwhile, Turner notes, countries like Singapore are “more proactive and supportive of regulatory frameworks for tokenization in a bid to attract startups and companies to explore the technology and become a global hub for the industry.”

In November, the Monetary Authority of Singapore launched several tokenization pilots. The campaign attracted marquee US firms, including Citi, T. Rowe Price Associates, Fidelity International, BNY Mellon, Franklin Templeton, Apollo and, yes, even JPMorgan Chase.

The EU is also warming up to tokenization, Johnson says, citing regulators “coming up with a new rule book.” In May, the EU adopted its Markets in Crypto-Assets Act (MiCAR), establishing an overall framework for markets in crypto-assets across the region.

That’s a positive, Johnson says, “whereas here in the US, the mantra has been that [regulators] don’t need any new rules. “I think that’s wrong.”

Skeptics also cite the shady goings on at some of the crypto industry’s most prominent companies. In 2022, there was the $32 billion “fiasco,” as Johnson calls it, that enveloped crypto exchange FTX.

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Less than a year later, the stablecoin issuer Terraform Labs collapsed and crypto lender Celsius underwent a $4.7 billion bankruptcy. And, like FTX’s Sam Bankman-Fried, Celisus’ founder and former CEO Alex Mashinsky faced fraud charges.

On-chain security is also an issue. According to research from blockchain firm CertiK, more than $1.8 billion in digital assets went missing last year. That’s high, despite being a 51% drop from 2022, when losses to hacks and other incidents totaled $3.7 billion.

For Betsabe Botaitis, CFO of blockchain software developer Hedera, the advice is simple: “Prioritize cybersecurity measures to protect your company’s assets and sensitive information.”

“CFOs need to begin realizing that their companies will sooner or later use digital assets as an embedded part of their operations,” Botaitis says. Their teams “will need to anticipate and be ready to account for, and report on, any digital asset position.” 

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Financial resolutions for the New Year to help you make the most of your money

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Financial resolutions for the New Year to help you make the most of your money

It’s the time of year where optimism is running high. We don’t need to be the person we were last year, we can be a shiny new version of ourselves, who is good with money and on track in every corner of our finances. Sadly, our positive outlook doesn’t always last, but with 63% of people making financial resolutions this year, it’s a chance to turn things around.

The key is to make the right resolutions, so here are a few tips to help you make the most of your money in 2026.

The problems that you know about already will spring to mind first.

Research by Hargreaves Lansdown revealed that renters, for example, are the most likely to say they want to spend less – and 23% of them said this was one of their resolutions for 2026. We know rental incomes are more stretched than any others, and on average they have £39 left at the end of the month, so it’s easy to see why they want to cut back.

However, they also struggle in all sorts of areas of their finances. So, for example, fewer than a third are on track with their pension. However, only 11% of them say they want to boost their pension this year.

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Read more: The cost of staying loyal to your high street bank

It shows that your first resolution should always be to get a better picture of your overall finances – including using a pensions calculator to see whether you’re on track for retirement.

It’s only when you have a full picture that you can see what you need to prioritise.

With 63% of people making financial resolutions this year, it’s a chance to turn things around. · Mint Images via Getty Images

Drawing up a budget is boring, and it may not feel like you’re achieving anything, but, like digging the foundations of a building, if you want to build something robust you can’t skip this step.

Make a list of everything coming in and everything you’re spending. Your current account app and the apps of the companies you pay bills to will have the details you need, and a budgeting app makes it easy to plug all the details in.

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From there, consider where you can cut back to free up a chunk of money every month to fund your resolutions.

Younger people, aged 18-34, are particularly likely to fall into this trap. The research showed that 40% wanted to save more, 22% to get on top of their finances, 21% to spend less, 19% to pay more into investments, 19% to start investing, 15% to pay off debts and 14% to put more into their pension.

Given that at the start of your career, money tends to be tighter anyway, there’s a real risk that by trying to do so much, you might fall short on all fronts.

It helps to set yourself one realistic goal at a time.

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Starting 2026 on solid financial footing

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Starting 2026 on solid financial footing

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (WBRC) – With the new year quickly approaching many people are looking for ways to get their finances back on track. Financial expert Jim Sumpter says the first step is to review your budget, understand what you’re earning and spending, and rebuild any emergency savings used over the holidays. He also warns about hidden costs like forgotten subscriptions or missed gift return deadlines, which can quickly add up.

When it comes to saving, Sumpter recommends starting small. Even an extra $50 per paycheck or skipping one dinner out a month can add up to over $1,000 in a year. Tackling credit card debt doesn’t have to be overwhelming either — focus on one card at a time and make consistent extra payments.

The key, Sumpter emphasizes, is building habits over time. “Start small, create a habit, do something for 30 days, then another 30, and another 30,” he says. By spring, these habits become second nature, making saving, budgeting, and paying off debt much easier. Small, consistent steps now can set you up for a financially stronger year ahead.

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Where’s the rest? Why your year-end bonus or gift may have shrunk

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Where’s the rest? Why your year-end bonus or gift may have shrunk
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Americans who are receiving a year-end bonus for a job well done may be sorely disappointed when they open their envelope to find a big chunk missing.

Up to a third of a cash bonus can get swallowed up by the IRS’ special tax withholding on cash bonuses, or what it calls “supplemental income,” on top of Medicare, Social Security and state taxes. The federal flat rate for bonus pay is 22% for supplemental income under $1 million. Add Social Security (6.2%), Medicare (1.45%), and state taxes, and total withholding is roughly 30%-35%.

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“That 22% federal withholding might be higher than your…regular tax bracket,” according to workforce management software company Homebase. “If they usually pay 12%, seeing 22% disappear from their bonus stings.”

Why can this spell financial disaster for Americans?

For the holidays, many Americans may have spent like they were receiving the full amount of the bonus instead of the bonus amount minus taxes, said Kevin Knull, chief executive of TaxStatus, which provides IRS data to financial advisers.

The $10,000 bonus for air traffic controllers who had perfect attendance during the government shutdown isn’t really a $10,000 bonus, for instance. The withholding on bonuses is a flat 22%, plus a 6.2% Social Security tax and 1.45% Medicare tax. Those reduce the bonus to just over $7,000, and you may still have to have state income tax taken out.

“That’s all immediately deducted and goes to Uncle Sam,” Knull said. “Somewhere around 48% of the population underestimate what they pay in taxes. Income taxes take a big bite out of paychecks.” If you spent the entire ‘$10,000 bonus,’ you overspent by about $3,000.

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Separately, Americans should be aware that a bonus can also bump them into the next higher tax bracket if they’re already close to it, experts said.

Some (belated) good news?

If the tax cost of your bonus is less than 22%, or the withholding rate, you’ll receive a tax refund for the difference, or it will be applied to the tax due on any other income, experts said. Bonuses will be taxed as regular income on the final tax return. You’ll just have to wait until you file your 2025 taxes next year to get the money back.

On the flipside, if the tax cost of your bonus is more than the 22% withholding rate, you’ll owe the difference between what was withheld and your total tax cost.

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How can you keep taxes low with your bonus?

If you haven’t maximized your 401(k) or IRA contributions for the year, consider adding some of the money to your retirement fund to reduce overall taxable income come tax season, wrote Kay Bell at financial products comparison site Bankrate. Contrbutions are income tax-free, but withdrawals later are taxed.

The 2025 IRA contribution limit is $7,000, or $8,000 if you’re age 50 or older. The 401(k) limit is $23,500 and an additional $7,500 for age 50 or older except those who are age 60 to 63. Those individuals have a higher catch-up contribution limit of $11,250 instead of $7,500.

Or if you expect your income to be much lower next year, pushing your tax bracket lower, consider asking your employer to defer the bonus until then, she said. You’ll still owe taxes, but you could save money by paying at a lower tax rate.

“However, even if your tax bracket doesn’t change year to year, some like receiving bonuses next year just to move the tax liability to 2026,” said Richard Pon, certified public accountant in San Francisco.

What about non-cash bonuses or gifts?

“Employers and employees may be shocked that gifts are usually taxable,” Pon said.

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Cash and cash-equivalent gifts and bonuses such as gift cards, season tickets to sporting or theatrical events and gift certificates are taxed, Pon said.

“Sometimes employers deduct this from the regular paycheck,” he said. “Other times, employers pay these taxes on your behalf and gross up the income, which can double the cost of a $25 gift card to $50 with taxes if an employer pays the employee share of taxes…you should check your paystub to see if you are taxed.”

A couple of exceptions exist. The first is the “conduit gift,” which is a contribution made to an intermediary organization that then passes the funds to the final intended recipient. For example, if the parent teacher association (PTA) collected and gifted cash or gift cards to staff and faculty, those are conduit gifts and wouldn’t be taxed. The PTA was merely a conduit for gifts paid by parents.

Another exception is if a manager personally gives an employee a cash gift or gift card, Pon said. “That is a personal gift. It’s not a gift from your employer,” he said. Since the manager is “not the employer, those would be tax-free gifts to the recipients.”

He warned though those gifts may cause other frictions at work. “There are a lot of scrooges,” Pon said. “I once worked in an accounting firm and the managing partner complained I was giving gift cards and candy to our admin staff as a token of appreciation of helping me all year. The partner said I was making other managers seem unkind if they didn’t give out gifts.”

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Noncash gifts like hams, turkeys, an occasional ticket to a sporting event or theatrical event are considered a “de minimis fringe benefit,” which is not taxable, Pon said. But note, a coupon or gift card intended to buy a turkey, ham or other item may be taxable, he said.

Medora Lee is a money, markets and personal finance reporter at USA TODAY. You can reach her at mjlee@usatoday.com and subscribe to our free Daily Money newsletter for personal finance tips and business news every Monday through Friday morning.

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