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Opinion | Artificial intelligence, Trump and the Future: 13 Gen Z-ers Discuss

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Opinion | Artificial intelligence, Trump and the Future: 13 Gen Z-ers Discuss

Fill in the blank: I’m feeling “blank” about the
way things are going in the country these days.
Fill in the blank: I’m
feeling “blank” about the
way things are going in
the country these days.

“Disappointed.”

Anaka, 23, Pa., Black, ind.

“Interested”

Alaura, 23, Tenn., white, ind.

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“Optimistic”

Darrion, 26, Ind., Black, Rep.

President Trump is trying to remake the global economy. He’s overseeing a much more restrictive and aggressively enforced immigration policy. Artificial intelligence is, potentially, about to change everything. In the past five years, everyone has lived through a pandemic and serious inflation for the first time in generations.

In Opinion’s latest focus group, we spoke with 13 young people — 12 relatively recent college grads and one rising college senior — navigating the rocky surface of all this change in America, about issues ranging from Mr. Trump’s presidency to how they’re using A.I. in everyday life.

How much the economy of the past five years has shaped the mind-set of 20-somethings really came through in the conversation. The group described doubts about the degrees they sought, worries and frustrations about the cost of living, dreams that emphasized financial stability and making money, the realities of still getting help from family and the enduring economic and social effects of the pandemic on their generation. “I think it made us less social and more on our phones,” one participant said. “It was really isolating.”

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All of this, including real divides in the group about systemic factors and individual ambition, led to some big questions, the kind you might be asking yourself: Is America in decline, or are the best days ahead? Is America the kind of place where, if you work hard and play by the rules, you can thrive? And most important, what would you want to know about your future?

Alaura 23, Tennessee, white, independent, mental health care

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Anaka 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

Armaan 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

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Bayleigh 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

Conner 23, Florida, white, Republican, master’s student, server

Daniel 26, Georgia, white, independent, landscaper

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Darrion 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

Emily 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

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Evan 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

Heather 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

Jeff 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

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Jonnie 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

Molly 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

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Moderator, Margie Omero

Fill in the blank: I’m feeling “blank” about the way things are going in the country these days.

Armaan, 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

Hesitant.

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Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

Disappointed.

Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

Honestly, I was going to say the same: Disappointed.

Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

Yeah, disappointed, not hopeful.

Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

Nervous.

Alaura, 23, Tennessee, white, independent, mental health care

Interested.

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Daniel, 26, Georgia, white, independent, landscaper

Fearful and uncertain.

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

Sad.

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

Nervous.

Darrion, 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

Optimistic.

Conner, 23, Florida, white, Republican, master’s student, server

I’m going to say “optimistic” as well.

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Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

Worried.

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

Cautiously optimistic.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Darrion and Jeff, why “optimistic”?

Darrion, 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

I feel the economy, inflation, prices are going to get a little rough before they get rosy. But in the long run, it’s going to get better under the new president and all that, I think I have faith in him to do well.

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Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

There’s always going to be issues, regardless of who’s running the country, but I feel like the leaders of our country all have the same interests at heart, which is to improve the country, even though the way they’re going to go about doing that is different.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Alaura, tell me why you said “interested.”

Alaura, 23, Tennessee, white, independent, mental health care

I’m just interested in how it’s all going to play out, whether it’s tariffs or cutting funding for various government agencies.

Moderator, Margie Omero

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Molly, you said “sad.”

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

I think I knew the outcome of the election wouldn’t be what I wanted. And it wasn’t. And going into this administration, I had an idea of what things would look like. You can have those expectations, but living through it — waking up to the news every day of this next thing that’s happening, this next structure that’s being threatened or challenged, this next thing that’s being stripped away from us — it just gives me an overwhelming feeling of sadness and genuine despair.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Emily, you said “disappointed, not hopeful.”

Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

Just disappointed, I think, in the economy and the way things are going and the way things cost so much. It just makes me feel like I’ll never be able to afford a house or get out on my own.

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Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

I agree with Emily. As someone who lives at home with her parents, it’s hard to think about some of the good things nationally just because I can’t afford to live on my own. I just get worried about things that I probably won’t be able to do until I’m a certain age or things like that, where you’re young and you want to experience things, but it’s hard when things cost so much.

Do you think things will be better, worse
or the same four years from now?
Do you think things will
be better, worse or the same
four years from now?
Things will be better.

Alaura,
23, Tenn., white, ind.

Conner,
23, Fla., white, Rep.

Darrion,
26, Ind., Black, Rep.

Emily,
20, N.J., white, ind.

Evan,
23, N.Y., Latino, Rep.

Jeff,
25, Utah, white, Rep.

Jonnie,
27, Mo., Latino, Dem.

Things will be worse.
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Anaka,
23, Pa., Black, ind.

Armaan,
23, Mass., Asian, Rep.

Molly,
21, Ill., white, Dem.

Things will be the same.

Bayleigh,
24, Texas, white, Dem.

Daniel,
26, Ga., white, ind.

Heather,
23, Ore., white, Dem.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Bayleigh, why do you think it will be the same?

Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

It’ll be the end of Trump’s administration, but I think the instability will remain consistent through the next four years.

Moderator, Margie Omero

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Evan, what makes you think things will be better?

Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

I would just hope they’ll learn from their past mistakes. After four years, if you don’t get better or something, then what are you doing? So I would just hope. But from real life experience, knowing someone with immigration problems, I worry things will get worse because there’s no real structure to help people that have been here for years, that helped grow the economy, have been working and contributing and whatnot. People who shop at Walmart, who drive the cabs. They’re helping the economy. The ones trafficking people, those kinds of people, they should go. So I would just hope that the leaders’ habits would change. But sometimes they can just be the same.

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

I just think this administration will stabilize. I think it’s scaring a lot of people. Maybe I’m just being hopeful, too. But I think inflation will probably be better by then. I can’t imagine this direction forever. I think things will just stabilize.

If you were to give Trump a grade on how he’s doing
in his second term so far, how would you grade him?
If you were to give Trump
a grade on how he’s doing in
his second term so far, how
would you grade him?
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B

Alaura,
23, Tenn., white, ind.

Conner,
23, Fla., white, Rep.

Emily,
20, N.J., white, ind.

Evan,
23, N.Y., Latino, Rep.

Jeff,
25, Utah, white, Rep.

C

Anaka,
23, Pa., Black, ind.

Daniel,
26, Ga., white, ind.

Jonnie,
27, Mo., Latino, Dem.

D

Armaan,
23, Mass., Asian, Rep.

Bayleigh,
24, Texas, white, Dem.

F

Molly,
21, Ill., white, Dem.

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

I gave him a C. Nothing horrible has happened, really. I guess that makes it OK. But at the same time, tariffs and stuff — I don’t like that.

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Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

I gave him a B. I like how he’s trying to basically put certain countries on blast, or he’s giving them a stern warning about the products they’re sending us and their prices. He’s very smart in that regard of making sure that low-income consumers can buy products at a good rate. And I would say on immigration and whatnot, I think he’s doing pretty good. But then again, he’s even deporting people by accident and sending them to the crazy jail and across the world and whatnot, and they actually didn’t do anything. So I would say he cares about deporting immigrants, the ones that are doing bad, but then at the same time, he’s not knowing how to distinguish which ones are bad.

Moderator, Margie Omero

But that still leads you to a B?

Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

I like how stern he is, how focused he is on at least trying to get something done. But I mean, I feel as though Trump actually cares about creating change. Pep in his step, at least. Biden was, like, a Sleepy Joe.

Darrion, 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

I gave him a C. I think it’s a little bit positive and negative. I’m positive in the sense that I like the way he’s portraying the image of America on an international scale, like the trade wars, tariffs and all that. And negatively because of his impact in cryptocurrency and the stock market. He created the $Trump coin, and since then, the crypto market has not really been the same. There’s been a lot of uncertainty, like bearishness and all that. So that’s negative.

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Moderator, Katherine Miller

How are you or people you know experiencing the job market right now?

Daniel, 26, Georgia, white, independent, landscaper

I think it sucks. I think it’s the worst it’s ever been. It feels like there are thousands of people applying for a single job. I just feel like ever since Covid, things have been shifted and changed for the worse in the work force.

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

I just graduated about a month ago with a degree in information security, which I think is very highly technical. There are definitely jobs out there. The problem isn’t the market; it’s hiring managers and companies saying, “We don’t necessarily care about your degree. We want you to have four to five years of experience for an entry-level role.” The companies are just holding unrealistic standards for what entry level is.

Moderator, Katherine Miller

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What do you feel like an entry-level job should be like? When you have your first job, what’s the kind of experience you should be getting out of it?

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

It should build off of the degree that you get in college or — not everyone goes to college — the certifications you get in trade school, for example. It should include mentorship from senior employees and have tasks that introduce you to what more advanced things are going to be like. And they should be able to train and build you up on the job.

Moderator, Katherine Miller

Heather, how do you feel like the job market is today?

Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

I have a job, and I think it always feels different when you don’t have one and are looking for one. But I’ve heard similar things to Jeff. It’s like the entry-level positions are wanting people with all this experience, where it’s not possible. I would say it’s not too good right now.

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Moderator, Margie Omero

What’s going well or less well for you personally?

Conner, 23, Florida, white, Republican, master’s student, server

I’m looking at my finances, and I’m hoping that it’s going in a better direction.

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

I guess my personal life is going pretty well. Less well is I have no idea how I’m going to survive without my parents’ help or what I’m going to really do in the future.

Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

I graduated last December, and I got my first real job paying me more than minimum wage. So you guys hang in there, for sure.

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Moderator, Margie Omero

For folks who feel that things are not going well for them personally, who or what is standing in the way?

Armaan, 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

I do think the job market’s not in the best place right now. My friends and I just graduated over the summer, and we’re all looking for jobs. There are very few of us who have managed to even get to an interview position. I know people who are applying to upwards of, like, 80 and 100 jobs a day, because they assume it’s just volume that you have to go to eventually land that job.

Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

I landed my first real job, too. That’s helped me get over what was a big slump in my life. I felt really upset about myself. I was like, “I just got a degree. I’m smart. I know what I’m doing.” And nobody’s hiring, and nursing is a pretty big field. But it’s worked out now.

Moderator, Margie Omero

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How does your life compare with how you thought it might be at this stage in your life?

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

I guess I thought maybe I’d be a little farther ahead, like maybe have a house or something, which now is so unrealistic.

Conner, 23, Florida, white, Republican, master’s student, server

I thought that postgrad, at least with my bachelor’s, that I would be moved out, living on my own. And now it just doesn’t make any sense. But it’s just not realistic. It would be unwise to move out.

Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

I’ve always been optimistic and practical about life. About five years ago, they gave away those stimulus checks. Everybody around me spent theirs, but I saved mine. I’m very grateful to have freedom every day to just work, to live. I’m perfectly fine. I’m just going to continue to have good structure in my life.

Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

I thought I would be a lot more independent from my parents. But I still feel pretty reliant on them.

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How many people are living with family
members or are otherwise financially dependent
in some way on their family currently?
How many people are living with
family members or are otherwise
financially dependent in some way
on their family currently?
9 people raised their hands.

Alaura, 23, Tenn., white, ind.

Anaka, 23, Pa., Black, ind.

Armaan, 23, Mass., Asian, Rep.

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Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Dem.

Conner, 23, Fla., white, Rep.

Daniel, 26, Ga., white, ind.

Darrion, 26, Ind., Black, Rep.

Emily, 20, N.J., white, ind.

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Evan, 23, N.Y., Latino, Rep.

Heather, 23, Ore., white, Dem.

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Rep.

Jonnie, 27, Mo., Latino, Dem.

Molly, 21, Ill., white, Dem.

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Moderator, Margie Omero

What do you hope for yourself in the next five years? Heather?

Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

I’m 23. I think that’s a little old to be living with my parents. But I got my degree and am working on that job right now. I’d like to find a single job, just one, that can hopefully pay my bills — rather than working two, like I am now — and make me live on my own.

Moderator, Margie Omero

What do you see for yourself or hope for yourself in the next 20 or 30 years?

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Armaan, 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

In 20 years, 30 years, I’d like to have a business that’s just paying the bills and an offshoot of that business or another business that essentially is what grants me financial freedom to just enjoy my life and maybe even help other people along the way.

Daniel, 26, Georgia, white, independent, landscaper

I’d like to be completely financially stable, have a house, have kids, be able to support them all through college.

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

Along with affording my own home, I hope I’ll be able to have a higher-level management position. And I hope by that point, I’ll be able to just live a good life with family and some golden retrievers as well. That’s the dream.

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

I definitely think, yeah, very successful, married, kids, nice house, I hope all of that.

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

I just want to be healthy, have food in the pantry, a roof over my head — and an in-unit washer and dryer would be my dream, honestly — but financially independent.

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Moderator, Margie Omero

How achievable do you think your dream is?

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

One thing that I’ve tried to get away from is never putting my success or my failures in the hands of other people. I just want to put my faith in myself rather than in people who make policy decisions in Washington. And I want to be in complete control.

Moderator, Katherine Miller

A couple of people mentioned Covid this evening. In terms of the impact that the pandemic had on your life, is there anything that you feel older people don’t get about the impact of the pandemic on you and people in your age bracket?

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Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

Learning was so different because a lot of it was online. I’m not sure older people always get that.

Conner, 23, Florida, white, Republican, master’s student, server

I feel like our momentum slowed, because most of us were coming out of high school and going right into college. And I just feel like that time period during the pandemic either slowed us down or the companies that we would have been on track to work for laid off a bunch of their employees and are just keeping their core employees, and now they’ve gotten comfortable with just those employees. We’re the generation looking for jobs.

Armaan, 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

I was supposed to join college that year, but then because of Covid, I chose to defer a year and instead take that year to work with my dad in the family business.

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

Covid, at least for me and the people I know, I think it made us less social and more on our phones. It was really isolating.

Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

I feel like Covid made people feel — maybe it made people lazier. A lot of people I know dropped out of college. It felt like time was slowing down or on hold because Covid made things pause. You just got to be in your house or hang out with your friends, not thinking about life. I think some people started to care less about what they’re actually cultivating for their life.

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Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

I agree that Covid made us less social. I think it’s hard for us to talk to each other outside of our phones. We’re watching other people’s lives that look more successful than us. So there’s that false sense of competition that we have to deal with. There’s so much competition. And at the same time, we’re not talking to each other. So yeah, there’s definitely a sense of isolation in my generation. And I don’t think that was there before.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Let’s switch gears a bit.

How often would you say you
personally use artificial intelligence?
How often would you
say you personally use
artificial intelligence?
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Almost never.

Bayleigh,
24, Texas, white, Dem.

Heather,
23, Ore., white, Dem.

Molly,
21, Ill., white, Dem.

Weekly.

Alaura,
23, Tenn., white, ind.

Anaka,
23, Pa., Black, ind.

Daniel,
26, Ga., white, ind.

Emily,
20, N.J., white, ind.

Jeff,
25, Utah, white, Rep.

Daily.

Armaan,
23, Mass., Asian, Rep.

Conner,
23, Fla., white, Rep.

Darrion,
26, Ind., Black, Rep.

Evan,
23, N.Y., Latino, Rep.

Jonnie,
27, Mo., Latino, Dem.

Moderator, Margie Omero

The people who are using it every day, tell me how you’re using it.

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Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

I use it to help me with shopping and personal advice, job advice, diet and exercise advice, advice on everything — really, finances. I use it like a friend.

Darrion, 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

I just started making content on YouTube and Twitch, and I use A.I. to write scripts.

Armaan, 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

I think it’s become like the new Google for me. Any sort of information I need, instead of going and typing it in Google, I just go to the app because I think it provides a little more in-depth analysis than Google would.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Has anybody used it for classwork?

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Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

I’ll be honest. I use it for everything I do in school. I’ll give it my finance homework questions, honestly, because it’s like I’m never going to pass that class without it, because I just can’t understand it. This is simply the only way. I’ll use it to help me with papers to generate ideas.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Do you think it’s helped you learn more in those classes?

Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

I think it has made it easier. I feel like I’m using A.I. mostly in the classes where I don’t feel like the professor’s doing a good job at teaching me. Not everyone is made to be a teacher. Some of my professors also encourage me to use A.I.

Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

We’re seeing an issue with the job market for entry-level jobs that require experience, and A.I. has taken some of the experiences that I guess we were supposed to be hands-on with.

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Moderator, Margie Omero

Does anyone else think A.I. is replacing the entry-level job, so you need to come in with a little bit more experience?

Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

I think that’s coming from both sides. I can tell when a job description was written by A.I., and I think there are a lot more graduates, more than the country has ever seen. Everyone I know has either been to college and graduated or at least tried to go. So it’s just an intense time.

Moderator, Margie Omero

I want to hear from some people who don’t use A.I. that often.

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Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

I never really got on the A.I. bandwagon, really. I used Quizlet, I think, as a way some people were using A.I., and some classes, it feels like it’s giving you a little bit of an upper hand. So I think I tried to get away from that a little bit, because I didn’t want my future self to regret it.

Moderator, Margie Omero

Why would your future self regret it?

Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

Just because I think it would give me an upper hand. It would give me answers. And I don’t know, part of school is you really thinking about certain things. So I kind of wanted to actually do that in my last couple of years rather than use the internet.

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

A.I. just really freaks me out. In general, I don’t understand it, and I don’t want to be a part of it, really. I don’t want to give it information. I don’t want to help it learn.

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Moderator, Margie Omero

What’s going to happen?

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

I just don’t like these big A.I. companies. I feel like they’re not very well regulated at this point. I have read about how terrible some of these things are for the environment. I don’t want to be judgmental, because I know how common it is, but I just see no need for it in my life.

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

I use A.I. just to help with my job functions. I feel like it’s definitely helped me become a little bit more efficient with the way that I do things.

Daniel, 26, Georgia, white, independent, landscaper

I don’t really use A.I. too much. It’s kind of affecting the job market, though, because it’s doing everything that a person could be doing, and it’s sifting through all the applications, maybe a person would see a certain résumé more positively than an A.I. would. It’s just too robot-y.

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Moderator, Katherine Miller

How do you feel about the role that social media plays in your life?

Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

I personally only follow people that I know, and I have a private account, and I enjoy it. I only let people I know follow me. So it kind of feels like when my friends are away on trips and I’m looking at their story, I feel like I’m there with them. I do sometimes doomscroll on TikTok if I have too much time. And then I’ll start seeing things that people are accomplishing. And I’m like, “Man, I’m so behind.” So it’s definitely like a seesaw. You have to balance. And I think I’m getting better at that.

Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

Social media used to be something that I wanted to use to interact with my loved ones. But I don’t think I want to use it for that anymore. As of right now, it just seems negative. I looked up what too much screen time does to your brain. And it is actually, like, diminishing gray matter. So in my generation and below, our gray matter is, like, being ruined. So I don’t know. I’m mad at social media. Yet I am still an avid social media user. But we don’t know a life without it. It’s like an addiction.

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Are America’s best days ahead of us,
behind us or happening now?
Are America’s best days
ahead of us, behind us or
happening now?
Our best days are ahead of us.

Alaura,
23, Tenn., white, ind.

Conner,
23, Fla., white, Rep.

Daniel,
26, Ga., white, ind.

Darrion,
26, Ind., Black, Rep.

Evan,
23, N.Y., Latino, Rep.

Jonnie,
27, Mo., Latino, Dem.

Molly,
21, Ill., white, Dem.

Our best days are behind us.

Armaan,
23, Mass., Asian, Rep.

Bayleigh,
24, Texas, white, Dem.

Emily,
20, N.J., white, ind.

Our best days are happening now.

Anaka,
23, Pa., Black, ind.

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

I don’t know, but I think about the past, about the history of this country — I don’t think those were our best days. I don’t think our best days are now. That leaves the future.

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Darrion, 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

I actually think that the trade wars and tariffs are a step in the right direction for the country. So I have hope for better days ahead.

Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

Because of what we’re currently going through, I just don’t feel positively about our future.

Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

I just don’t see the country ever being united again as it used to be or people loving it anymore.

Moderator, Margie Omero

When you say “united again as it used to be,” when was that time, do you think?

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Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

Maybe, like, the early 2000s. I don’t think people were so against each other like now. I feel like it’s just like you’re either this or that. And it’s so far apart. I just feel like there wasn’t so much hate going on. Maybe that doesn’t sound right, but that’s what I think.

Moderator, Katherine Miller

Anaka, you said our best days are happening now.

Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

I feel like history repeats itself. We’re always going to be living in the worst and the best times because of human nature. Social media, it kind of exacerbates a lot of opinions. But in real life, we’re all speaking right now about each other’s opinions. And there’s not one where I can’t get into someone’s head and think, “OK, I understand,” even if maybe I don’t agree. The time is now because we’re alive now.

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How much do you agree with this
statement? If you work hard and play by the
rules, you can have a good life and thrive.
How much do you agree with
this statement? If you work
hard and play by the rules, you
can have a good life and thrive.

1 means I completely disagree. and 5 means I agree completely.

2

Anaka,
23, Pa., Black, ind.

Molly,
21, Ill., white, Dem.

3

Alaura,
23, Tenn., white, ind.

Armaan,
23, Mass., Asian, Rep.

Bayleigh,
24, Texas, white, Dem.

Conner,
23, Fla., white, Rep.

Daniel,
26, Ga., white, ind.

Darrion,
26, Ind., Black, Rep.

Emily,
20, N.J., white, ind.

4

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Evan,
23, N.Y., Latino, Rep.

Jeff,
25, Utah, white, Rep.

Jonnie,
27, Mo., Latino, Dem.

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

I just think it’s, like, that pull-yourself-up-by-the-bootstraps mentality that I don’t really think is true. The American dream is like, if you just work hard, you’re going to have all the successes. You’re going to have a McMansion in the suburbs and a pool and five kids. And it’s just not the reality. You can work so, so, so hard and never reach those goals you have in your mind or those goals that have been artificially set for you.

Moderator, Katherine Miller

Evan, you said it was mostly true that if you played by the rules and worked hard, you could have a good life. Why?

Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

I feel like everything is mostly within your hands. Everything is for the taking. And as long as you don’t do the wrong thing, tax evasion and whatnot, you could do whatever you want. You could be very successful.

Moderator, Margie Omero

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Let’s think a little about the big picture. Many of you recently graduated. What’s one thing you know now that you wish you knew when you were in high school?

Darrion, 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

I wish I’d known more about cryptocurrency. I wish when I was in high school, I was able to get some coins. I think I would have been very rich by now.

Armaan, 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

I chose my university based on the co-op program, where you work for six months at a place. And I wanted to try a start-up, as well as an established corporate business. So I would probably go the other route and just do corporate because they would be more likely to hire in this day and age and not a smaller start-up.

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

I wish I would have appreciated being younger and being in high school more than I did. I think you always have a tendency to want to be older, want to be in college, want something different. You never appreciate it fully in the moment.

Daniel, 26, Georgia, white, independent, landscaper

I would say, go for a degree that actually matters. All degrees matter, but something that is going to get me a job, like a nurse, an engineer, a software engineer, something with computers. I went for a business degree. And I just feel like it’s a good, rounded degree to have. But I don’t know.

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Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

I would probably tell myself to be more open-minded earlier on, about everything, anything.

Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

I would tell myself to save my money instead of spending it in stupid places. And I would also tell myself that nothing is ever that serious. I spent a lot of high school stressing out a lot and having a lot of anxiety about a lot of things. I just look back on it now and think, “You’re never going to remember that teacher or that one grade.” It’s not that deep. Some things are not that deep.

Moderator, Margie Omero

If you could ask a question of your older self and your older self had to tell you the truth, what would you ask?

Jeff, 25, Utah, white, Republican, cybersecurity analyst

I think the biggest piece of career advice — how I can escalate up the ladder as quickly as possible.

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Anaka, 23, Pennsylvania, Black, independent, program coordinator

Are you happily married? And how did you fix your credit score?

Jonnie, 27, Missouri, Latino, Democrat, looking for work

I would ask, “Is there any person I should avoid, any types of people I should avoid?”

Conner, 23, Florida, white, Republican, master’s student, server

I would ask him if it was worth it to get a master’s or if I could do it without, because it’s a lot of money to spend for a career.

Armaan, 23, Massachusetts, Asian, Republican, looking for work

I would probably ask if I’m on the right path or not.

Bayleigh, 24, Texas, white, Democrat, nurse

I have zero idea. I don’t think I want to know.

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Evan, 23, New York, Latino, Republican, administrative assistant

I’d probably ask him, “How can I tell where the success is at?” I want to be like Kevin Durant. I want to join all the shooters. I want to join All-Stars. I want to be at the right place at the right time. I want to be with the right people. So I want to just know where the process is at.

Darrion, 26, Indiana, Black, Republican, automotive engineer

What is the price of Bitcoin, and what projects would be best to invest in?

Heather, 23, Oregon, white, Democrat, assistant

Do we have a job that my degree is catered toward?

Emily, 20, New Jersey, white, independent, student, fitness instructor

I’d ask if we have a lot of money and if we’re happy.

Alaura, 23, Tennessee, white, independent, mental health care

I would ask my 40-year-old self if there’s anything that I should do that I might not be aware of.

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Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

Am I happy?

Moderator, Margie Omero

What do you think your 40-year-old self is going to say?

Molly, 21, Illinois, white, Democrat, looking for work

I have no idea. I hope they say yes.

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Education

Opinion | America’s Military Needs a Culture Shift

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Opinion | America’s Military Needs a Culture Shift

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The U.S. military
is broken. Young
Americans want
to fix it.

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Bailey Baumbick traded a
career as a national security
consultant to build tech
solutions
for the challenges
she saw at the Pentagon.

Elias Rosenfeld left a job
in social
impact consulting
to start a career aimed
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at revitalizing America’s
industrial base.

Lee Kantowski spent
eight years in the
Army before
switching to defense tech,
where
he hopes to fix the
military’s outdated tools.

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a New

Definition of

Service

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Bailey Baumbick knew she wanted to serve her country when she graduated from Notre Dame in 2021. Ms. Baumbick, a 26-year-old from Novi, Mich., didn’t enlist in the military, however. She enrolled in business school at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Ms. Baumbick is part of a growing community in the Bay Area that aims to bring high-tech dynamism to the lumbering world of the military. After social media companies and countless lifestyle start-ups lost their luster in recent years, entrepreneurs are being drawn to defense tech by a mix of motivations: an influx of venture capital, a coolness factor and the start-up ethos, which Ms. Baumbick describes as “the relentless pursuit of building things.”

There’s also something deeper: old-fashioned patriotism, matched with a career that serves a greater purpose.

In college Ms. Baumbick watched her father, a Ford Motor Company executive, lead the company’s sprint to produce Covid-19 ventilators and personal protective equipment for front-line health care workers. “I’ve never been more inspired by how private sector industry can have so much impact for public sector good,” she said.

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Ford’s interventions during the Covid-19 pandemic hark back to a time when public-private partnerships were commonplace. During World War II, leaders of America’s biggest companies, including Ford, halted business as usual to manufacture weapons for the war effort.

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The Covid-19 pandemic drove public-private partnerships, such as Ford’s decision to produce ventilators needed by patients and hospitals.

For much of the 20th century, the private and public sectors were tightly woven together. In 1980, nearly one in five Americans were veterans. By 2022, that figure had shrunk to one in 16. Through the 1980s, about 70 percent of the companies doing business with the Pentagon were also leaders in the broader U.S. economy. That’s down to less than 10 percent today. The shift away from widespread American participation in national security has left the Department of Defense isolated from two of the country’s great assets: its entrepreneurial spirit and technological expertise.

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Recent changes in Silicon Valley are bringing down those walls. Venture capital is pouring money into defense tech; annual investment is up from $7 billion in 2015 to some $80 billion in 2025. The Pentagon needs to seize this opportunity, and find ways to accelerate its work with start-ups and skilled workers from the private sector. It should expand the definition of what it means to serve and provide more flexible options to those willing to step in.

The military will always need physically fit service members. But we are headed toward a future where software will play a bigger role in armed conflict than hardware, from unmanned drones and A.I.-driven targeting to highly engineered cyber weapons and space-based systems. These missions will be carried out by service members in temperature-controlled rooms rather than well armed troops braving the physical challenges of the front line.

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For all the latent opportunity in Silicon Valley and beyond, the Trump administration has been uneven in embracing the moment. Stephen Feinberg, the deputy secretary of defense, is a Wall Street billionaire who is expanding the Pentagon’s ties with businesses. Pete Hegseth, the secretary of defense, his “warrior ethos” and exclusionary recruitment have set back the effort to build a military for the future of war.

America has the chance to reshape our armed forces for the conflicts ahead, and we have the rare good fortune of being able to do that in peacetime.

Elias Rosenfeld had been at Stanford for only a month and a half, but he already looked right at home at a recent job fair for students interested in pursuing defense tech, standing in a relaxed posture, wearing beaded bracelets and a sweater adorned with a single sunflower. Rather than use his time in Stanford’s prestigious business school to build a fintech app or wellness brand, Mr. Rosenfeld has set his sights on helping to rebuild the industrial base on which America’s military relies.

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It’s a crucial mission for a country that is getting outbuilt by China, and Mr. Rosenfeld brings a unique commitment to it. Born in Venezuela, he came to the United States at age 6 and draws his patriotism from that country’s experience with tyranny and his Jewish heritage. “Without a strong, resilient America, I might not be here today,” Mr. Rosenfeld says. Working on industrial renewal, he says, is a way to “start delivering as a country so folks feel more inclined and passionate to be more patriotic.”

Not on Mr. Rosenfeld’s agenda: enlisting in the military. In an earlier era, he might have been tempted by a wider suite of options for service. In 1955 the U.S. government nearly doubled the maximum size of the military’s ready reserve forces, from 1.5 million to 2.9 million, in part by giving young men the chance to spend six months in active duty training. Today the U.S. ready reserve numbers just over a million.

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The Pentagon should broaden its sense of service as fewer younger Americans meet the military’s eligibility requirements.

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Other countries provide a model for strengthening the reserves. In Sweden, the military selects the top 5 percent or so of 18-year-olds eligible to serve in the active military for up to 15 months, followed by membership in the reserve for 10 years. The model is so effective that recruits compete for spots, and according to The Wall Street Journal, “former conscripts are headhunted by the civil service and prized by tech companies.”

America’s leaders have argued for a generation that the military’s volunteer model is superior to conscription in delivering a well-prepared force. The challenge is maintaining recruiting and getting the right service members for every mission. There are some examples of the Pentagon successfully luring new, tech-savvy recruits. Since last year, top college students have been training to meet the government’s growing need for skilled cybersecurity professionals. The Cyber Service Academy, a scholarship-for-service program, covers the full cost of tuition and educational expenses in exchange for a period of civilian employment within the Defense Department upon graduation. Scholars work in full-time, cyber-related positions.

The best incentive for enlisting may have nothing to do with service, but the career opportunities that are promised after.

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It was a foregone conclusion that Lee Kantowski would become an Army officer. One of his favorite high school teachers had served, and his hometown, Lawton, Okla., was a military town, a place where enlisting was commonplace. Mr. Kantowski attended West Point and, in the eight years after graduating, went on tours across the world. Now he’s getting an M.B.A. at U.C. Berkeley, co-founded a defense tech club with Ms. Baumbick there and works part-time at a start-up building guidance devices that turn dumb bombs into smart ones.

The military needs recruits like Mr. Kantowski who want to support defense in and out of uniform. Already, nearly one million people who work for the Department of Defense are civilians, supplemented by a similar number of contractors who straddle public and private sectors. Both paths could be expanded.

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A rotating-door approach carries some risk to military cohesion and readiness. The armed services are not just another job: Soldiers are asked to put themselves in danger’s way, even outside combat zones. America still needs men and women who are willing to sign up for traditional tours of duty.

The Reserve Officers’ Training Corps serves as the largest source of commissioned officers for the U.S. military. For more than five decades, R.O.T.C. has paid for students to pursue degree programs — accompanied by military drills and exercises — and then complete three to 10 years of required service after graduation. In 1960 alone, Stanford and M.I.T. each graduated about 100 R.O.T.C. members. Today, that figure is less than 20 combined. The Army has recently closed or reorganized programs at 84 campuses and may cut funding over the next decade.

This is exactly the wrong call. R.O.T.C. programs should be strengthened and expanded, not closed or merged.

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The U.S. Army is closing or reorganizing Reserve Officers’ Training Corps programs across the country.

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It remains true that the volunteer force has become a jobs program for many Americans looking for a ladder to prosperity. It’s an aspect of service often more compelling to enlistees than the desire to fight for their country. In the era of artificial intelligence and expected job displacement, enlistment could easily grow.

Most military benefits have never been more appealing, with signing and retention bonuses, tax-free housing and food allowances, subsidized mortgages, low-cost health care, universal pre-K, tuition assistance and pensions. The Department of Defense and Congress need to find ways to bolster these benefits and their delivery, where service members often find gaps.

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Standardizing post-service counseling and mentorship could help. Expanding job training programs like Skillbridge, which pairs transitioning service members with private sector internships, could also improve job prospects. JPMorgan has hired some 20,000 veterans across the country since creating an Office of Military & Veterans Affairs in 2011; it has also helped create a coalition of 300 companies dedicated to hiring vets.

When veterans land in promising companies — or start their own — it’s not just good for them. It’s also good for America. Rylan Hamilton and Austin Gray, two Navy veterans, started Blue Water Autonomy last year with the goal of building long-range drone ships that could help the military expand its maritime presence without the costs, risks and labor demands of deploying American sailors.

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Blue Water Autonomy, founded and staffed by Navy veterans, is building fully autonomous naval vessels capable of operating at sea for months at a time.

Mr. Gray, a former naval intelligence officer who worked in a drone factory in Ukraine, said Blue Water’s vessels will one day do everything from ferrying cargo to carrying out intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions. This summer, the company raised $50 million to construct a fully autonomous ship stretching 150 feet long.

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Before dawn on a Wednesday morning in October, military packs filled with supplies and American flags sat piled on a dewy field near the edge of Stanford University’s campus. Some of the over 900 attendees at a conference on defense tech gathered around an active-duty soldier studying at the school. The glare of his head lamp broke through the darkness as he rallied the group of students, founders, veterans and investors for a “sweat equity” workout.

“Somewhere, a platoon worked out at 0630 to start their day,” he said. “This conference is all about supporting folks like them, so we are going to start our day the same way.” The group set off for Memorial Church at the center of campus, sharing the load of heavy packs, flags and equipment along the way.

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A group of students, founders, veterans and investors participate in a run during a defense tech conference at Stanford University.

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That attitude is a big change for the Bay Area, not just from the days of 1960s hippie sit-ins but also from the early days of the tech revolution, when Silicon Valley was seen as a bastion of government-wary coders and peaceniks. Now it’s open for business with the Defense Department. “The excitement is there, the concern is there, the passion is there and the knowledge is there,” says Ms. Baumbick.

There are some risks to tying America’s military more closely to the tech-heavy private sector. Companies don’t always act in the country’s national interest. Elon Musk infamously limited the Ukrainian military’s access to its Starlink satellites, preventing them being used to help in a battle with Russian forces in 2022. Private companies are also easier for adversaries to penetrate and influence than the government.

Yet in order to prevent wars, or win them, we must learn to manage the risks of overlap between civilian and military spheres. The private sector’s newly rekindled interest in the world of defense is a generational chance to build the military that Americans need.

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Portraits by Aleksey Kondratyev for The New York Times; Carlos Osorio/Associated Press; Mike Segar/Reuters; Maddy Pryor/Princeton University; Kevin Wicherski/Blue Water Autonomy; Aleksey Kondratyev for The New York Times (2).

The editorial board is a group of opinion journalists whose views are informed by expertise, research, debate and certain longstanding values. It is separate from the newsroom.

Published Dec. 12, 2025

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Video: One Hundred Schoolchildren Released After Abduction in Nigeria

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Video: One Hundred Schoolchildren Released After Abduction in Nigeria

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transcript

transcript

One Hundred Schoolchildren Released After Abduction in Nigeria

One hundred children who had been kidnapped from a Catholic school in northwestern Nigeria last month were released on Sunday. This is part of a larger trend of kidnappings in Nigeria, where victims are released in exchange for ransom.

“Medical checkup will be very, very critical for them. And then if anything is discovered, any laboratory investigation is conducted and something is discovered, definitely they will need health care.” My excitement is that we have these children, 100 of them, and by the grace of God, we are expecting the remaining half to be released very soon.”

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One hundred children who had been kidnapped from a Catholic school in northwestern Nigeria last month were released on Sunday. This is part of a larger trend of kidnappings in Nigeria, where victims are released in exchange for ransom.

By Jamie Leventhal

December 8, 2025

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Video: Testing Wool Coats In a Walk-in Fridge

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Video: Testing Wool Coats In a Walk-in Fridge

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When style writer Nicola Fumo realized she’d need to test wool coats before it got too cold out, she accepted the challenge.

November 24, 2025

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