Business
When Pigs Cry: Tool Decodes the Emotional Lives of Swine
At any given second, there are as many as 12,500 Duroc hogs snorting across the barnyards of Imani Farms, a pig farm in southwestern Ontario.
The farm’s pens are a cacophony of squeals, screams, barks and grunts, with every sound telegraphing a unique feeling or want. Pigs are expressive animals with a variety of vocalizations, in accordance with Stewart Skinner, 38, a co-owner of the farm. Decoding their calls can often stump even skilled farmers.
“I’ve typically joked that this job can be far simpler if we may converse pig,” Mr. Skinner mentioned.
Decoding the feelings behind these oinks may quickly develop into a bit of simpler. Researchers in Europe have created an algorithm that assesses pigs’ emotional states primarily based on the sound the animals make.
“Animal welfare is these days extensively accepted to be primarily based not solely on the bodily well being of animals, but additionally their psychological well being,” mentioned Elodie Briefer, an affiliate professor of biology on the College of Copenhagen and an writer of the examine revealed this week within the journal Scientific Experiences. The earlier a farmer can discern whether or not an animal is happy or distressed, the quicker any points within the animal’s setting that will have an effect on its well being might be addressed.
Pigs are among the many extra voluble of home animals, producing a wider vary of sounds extra ceaselessly than comparatively taciturn goats, sheep and cows. To crack the code of pig communication, scientists in 5 analysis labs throughout Europe used hand-held microphones to collect roughly 7,400 distinct calls from 411 particular person pigs. The calls had been recorded throughout all kinds of conditions within the life span of a pig, from beginning to the slaughterhouse.
Researchers then assigned every sound a constructive or detrimental emotional worth primarily based on what the paper calls “intuitive inference.” In different phrases, researchers made an informed guess about how the pig possible felt concerning the occasion at which the sound was recorded (i.e. feeding, good; castration, dangerous).
Upon first hear, most individuals are inclined to do barely higher than probability at guessing a pig’s emotions primarily based on its sound alone. Hear carefully to sufficient pig calls, although, and patterns emerge.
Grunts related to constructive feelings — the sounds pigs make when feeding, operating or reuniting with their moms or littermates after a separation — are usually shorter, and have a one-note consistency in tone.
Unsurprisingly, an sad pig sounds terrible. Conditions that produced cries of misery included being inadvertently crushed by a mom sow (a standard peril for piglets), awaiting slaughter, starvation, fights and the unwelcome shock of unusual folks or objects of their pens. The screams, squeals and barks recorded from animals experiencing concern or ache are each longer in length and extra variable in tone than the sounds of contentment.
When taught to hear for these easy distinctions, people do a greater job of precisely decoding an animal’s emotional state, Dr. Briefer mentioned. However synthetic intelligence carried out better of all. The researchers’ algorithm, designed by co-author Ciara Sypherd, accurately recognized the animal’s emotion as constructive or detrimental 92 p.c of the time.
The examine is the product of SoundWel, a mission sponsored by the European Union to enhance animal well being and welfare. Researchers with the mission at the moment are trying to associate with an engineer who can incorporate their information into an app or different software that farmers may use to interpret their animals’ calls, and emotional state, in actual time, Dr. Briefer mentioned.
Understanding animals’ feelings has sensible and authorized penalties. Animal sentience legal guidelines just like the one at the moment earlier than Britain’s parliament assert that animals are able to thought and feeling, and that the federal government should take their welfare into consideration when making insurance policies that may have an effect on them. The European Union acknowledged animal sentience in 2009.
A cheap and user-friendly software for decoding pig grunts could possibly be a worthwhile asset on a farm, Mr. Skinner mentioned.
“The flexibility to acknowledge issues early is the biggest figuring out consider success of remedy,” Mr. Skinner mentioned. “Any software that’s adaptable to barn settings that may enhance the understanding of what the person animals are feeling would have worth.”
Business
If your kid wants skin-care gifts for the holidays, here are some risks to consider
As parents rush into malls for the final days of Christmas shopping, many will be armed with wishlists full of beauty products for their children.
Skin care is a fast-growing phenomenon among Gen Alpha, typically defined as those born from 2010 and on. Dubbed “Sephora kids,” the tweens and teens have been buying up products from buzzy brands including Drunk Elephant, Bubble and Glow Recipe and diligently following multistep, antiaging skin-care routines popularized on social media.
With kids becoming a powerful segment of the booming $164-billion global skin-care industry, brands have been catering to them with new products packaged in colorful, eye-catching bottles and jars.
Dermatologists say getting children into the habit of taking care of their skin is a good thing, but they’re urging parents to exercise caution as they splurge on holiday gifts.
“For pediatric dermatology, we always say to be very mindful and wary of active ingredients that are in products,” said Dr. Jayden Galamgam, a pediatric dermatologist at UCLA Health. “A lot of the time, simple is better.”
What products are OK for my kid to use?
A gentle cleanser, a hydrating moisturizer and a good sunscreen are recommended and appropriate for any age.
“You don’t need to be using all these products; you don’t need a 10-step routine,” Galamgam said. “Use three products. Most don’t need anything more than that.”
Look for broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher; it should be worn daily and reapplied every couple of hours.
What products should I avoid?
Anti-wrinkle serums, exfoliants and peels are not appropriate for children. Avoid products containing potent alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids and retinol, Galamgam said.
“I would definitely try to stay away from those, because they can cause a lot of irritation for kids,” he said.
Social media trends often encourage tweens to experiment with cosmetics that are inappropriate for their skin type or age, so parents need to look carefully at ingredient labels before buying, said Sam Cutler, founder of Beverly Hills-based tween skin-care brand Petite ’n Pretty.
“We want to caution parents about the growing trend of products marketed as ‘kid-friendly’ due to their bright, playful packaging, which can be misleading,” she said. “Many of these products are formulated for adults and contain harsh ingredients, such as hydroxy acids, retinoids and artificial fragrances, which are too aggressive for young, delicate skin and can cause irritation or long-term damage.”
My kid wants antiaging products anyway. What should I say?
You can talk to them them about the potential harmful side effects, and about the risks of following the advice of online “skinfluencers.”
“There are a lot of teens that are using these products inappropriately due to misinformation or wanting to fit in with their friends based on what they’re seeing on TikTok,” said Dr. Carol Cheng, a pediatric dermatologist and an assistant clinical professor of dermatology at UCLA.
“They’re easily susceptible. A lot of them don’t realize that these influencers are probably being paid to promote certain products.”
Is anything being done to protect kids from potentially harmful skin-care products?
In February, California Assemblymember Alex Lee introduced legislation to ban the sale of antiaging products to kids under the age of 13, but the bill failed to pass in the California Legislature.
Business
Ivan Boesky Was Seen as Greed Incarnate, and Never Said Otherwise
Before the answers to life’s questions fit in our pocket, you used to have to turn a dial. If you were lucky, Phil Donahue would be on, ready to guide you toward enlightenment. In a stroke of deluxe good fortune, Dr. Ruth Westheimer might have stopped by to be the enlightenment. He was the search engine. She was a trusted result.
Donahue hailed from Cleveland. The windshield glasses, increasingly snowy thatch of hair, marble eyes, occasional pair of suspenders and obvious geniality said “card catalog,” “manager of the ’79 Reds,” “Stage Manager in a Chevy Motors production of ‘Our Town.’” Dr. Ruth was Donahue’s antonym, a step stool to his straight ladder. She kept her hair in a butterscotch helmet, fancied a uniform of jacket-blouse-skirt and came to our aid, via Germany, with a voice of crinkled tissue paper. Not even eight years separated them, yet so boyish was he and so seasoned was she that he read as her grandson. (She maybe reached his armpit.) Together and apart, they were public servants, American utilities.
Donahue was a journalist. His forum was the talk show, but some new strain in which the main attraction bypassed celebrities. People — every kind of them — lined up to witness other people being human, to experience Donahue’s radical conduit of edification, identification, curiosity, shock, wonder, outrage, surprise and dispute, all visible in the show’s televisual jackpot: cutaways to us, reacting, taking it all in, nodding, gasping. When a celebrity made it to the “Donahue” stage — Bill Clinton, say, La Toya Jackson, the Judds — they were expected to be human, too, to be accountable for their own humanity. From 1967 to 1996, for more than 6,000 episodes, he permitted us to be accountable to ourselves.
What Donahue knew was that we — women especially — were eager, desperate, to be understood, to learn and learn and learn. We call his job “host” when, really, the way he did it, running that microphone throughout the audience, racing up, down, around, sticking it here then here then over here, was closer to “switchboard operator.” It was “hot dog vendor at Madison Square Garden.” The man got his steps in. He let us do more of the questioning than he did — he would just edit, interpret, clarify. Egalitarianism ruled. Articulation, too. And anybody who needed the mic usually got it.
The show was about both what was on our mind and what had never once crossed it. Atheism. Naziism. Colorism. Childbirth. Prison. Rapists. AIDS. Chippendales, Chernobyl, Cher. Name a fetish, Phil Donahue tried to get to its bottom, sometimes by trying it himself. (Let us never forget the episode when he made his entrance in a long skirt, blouse and pussy bow for one of the show’s many cross-dressing studies.) Now’s the time to add that “Donahue” was a morning talk show. In Philadelphia, he arrived every weekday at 9 a.m., which meant that, in the summers, I could learn about compulsive shopping or shifting gender roles from the same kitchen TV set as my grandmother.
Sex and sexuality were the show’s prime subjects. There was so much that needed confessing, correction, corroboration, an ear lent. For that, Donahue needed an expert. Many times, the expert was Dr. Ruth, a godsend who didn’t land in this country until she was in her late 20s and didn’t land on television until she was in her 50s. Ruth Westheimer arrived to us from Germany, where she started as Karola Ruth Siegel and strapped in as her life corkscrewed, as it mocked fiction. Her family most likely perished in the Auschwitz death camps after she was whisked to the safety of a Swiss children’s home, where she was expected to clean. The twists include sniper training for one of the military outfits that would become the Israel Defense Forces, maiming by cannonball on her 20th birthday, doing research at a Planned Parenthood in Harlem, single motherhood and three husbands. She earned her doctorate from Columbia University, in education, and spent her postdoc researching human sexuality. And because her timing was perfect, she emerged at the dawn of the 1980s, an affable vector of an era’s craze for gnomic sages (Zelda Rubinstein, Linda Hunt, Yoda), masterpiece branding and the nasty.
Hers was the age of Mapplethorpe and Madonna, of Prince, Skinemax and 2 Live Crew. On her radio and television shows, in a raft of books and a Playgirl column and through her promiscuous approach to talk-show appearances, she aimed to purge sex of shame, to promote sexual literacy. Her feline accent and jolly innuendo pitched, among other stuff, the Honda Prelude, Pepsi, Sling TV and Herbal Essences. (“Hey!” she offers to a young elevator passenger. “This is where we get off.”) The instructions for Dr. Ruth’s Game of Good Sex says it can be played by up to four couples; the board is vulval and includes stops at “Yeast Infection,” “Chauvinism” and “Goose Him.”
On “Donahue,” she is direct, explicit, dispelling, humorous, clear, common-sensical, serious, vivid. A professional therapist. It was Donahue who handled the comedy. On one visit in 1987, a caller needs advice about a husband who cheats because he wants to have sex more often than she does. Dr. Ruth tells Donahue that if the caller wants to keep the marriage, and her husband wants to do it all the time, “then what she should do is to masturbate him. And it’s all right for him to masturbate himself also a few times.” The audience is hear-a-pin-drop rapt or maybe just squirmy. So Donahue reaches into his parochial-school-student war chest and pulls out the joke about the teacher who tells third-grade boys, “Don’t play with yourself, or you’ll go blind.” And Donahue raises his hand like a kid at the back of the classroom and asks, “Can I do it till I need glasses?” Westheimer giggles, maybe noticing the large pair on Donahue’s face. This was that day’s cold open.
They were children of salesmen, these two; his father was in the furniture business, hers sold what people in the garment industry call notions. They inherited a salesman’s facility for people and packaging. When a “Donahue” audience member asks Westheimer whether her own husband believes she practices what she preaches, she says this is why she never brings him anywhere. “He would tell you and Phil: ‘Do not listen to her. It’s all talk,’” which cracks the audience up.
But consider what she talked about — and consider how she said it. My favorite Dr. Ruth word was “pleasure.” From a German mouth, the word conveys what it lacks with an American tongue: sensual unfurling. She vowed to speak about sex to mass audiences using the proper terminology. Damn the euphemisms. People waited as long as a year and a half for tickets to “Donahue” so they could damn them, too. But of everything Westheimer pitched, of all the terms she precisely used, pleasure was her most cogent product, a gift she believed we could give to others, a gift she swore we owed ourselves.
I miss the talk show that Donahue reinvented. I miss the way Dr. Ruth talked about sex. It’s fitting somehow that this antidogmatic-yet-priestly Irish Catholic man would, on occasion, join forces with a carnal, lucky-to-be-alive Jew to urge the exploration of our bodies while demonstrating respect, civility, reciprocation. They believed in us, that we were all interesting, that we could be trustworthy panelists in the discourse of being alive. Trauma, triviality, tubal ligation: Let’s talk about it! Fear doesn’t seem to have occurred to them. Or if it did, it was never a deterrent. Boldly they went. — And with her encouragement, boldly we came.
Wesley Morris is a critic at large for The New York Times and a staff writer for the magazine.
Business
Party City to shut down after nearly 40 years in business
Party City, the party and costume supply chain with more than 70 locations in California including several in Los Angeles, is shutting down operations immediately and laying off its employees.
In an online meeting Friday viewed by Bloomberg News, Party City Chief Executive Barry Litwin told corporate employees that it would be their last day of work. CNN reported that employees would not receive severance pay.
“That is without question the most difficult message that I’ve ever had to deliver,” Litwin said in the video. The company will be “winding down” immediately, he said.
The chain, which has been in business for nearly 40 years and has around 700 locations, according to its website, could not handle a decrease in consumer spending triggered by everyday high prices, Litwin told employees.
Going-out-of-business sales began Friday, just 14 months after the company emerged from bankruptcy and four months after Litwin began as chief executive. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2023 with about $1.8 billion in debt and emerged from the restructuring process under a plan meant to ensure its viability.
The company, however, continued to struggle and was considering reentering bankruptcy earlier this month, Bloomberg reported. The New Jersey retailer was falling behind on rent at some locations and running out of cash, according to the report.
Several retailers and fast-casual restaurant chains have struggled this year amid rising operating costs and inflation-wary consumers, including Big Lots, which is preparing to sell its stores, and Red Lobster, which filed for bankruptcy in May. Bricks-and-mortar locations in particular are scrambling to keep up with online retailers and big-box chains.
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