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What defines a heat wave?

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What defines a heat wave?


Minnesota is in the midst of a sizzling stretch of summer-like weather. Something unique for this time of year. 

A packed Nokomis Beach, soaked in sunshine and steaming close to 90 degrees, would make you think it’s a mid-summer day. But it’s just mid-May.

Several beachgoers WCCO talked with described the day as hot but bearable thanks to a lake breeze. 

Still, temperatures that feel like late July for a four-day stretch had them calling it a heat wave.

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What defines a heat wave?

“I think it’s in the eye of the beholder,” said Ken Blumenfeld, a senior climatologist with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

According to the National Weather Service (NWS), a heat wave is a “period of abnormally hot weather generally lasting more than two days. Heat waves can occur with or without high humidity.” 

There was no specific temperature listed, but the NWS added that a heat wave often involves dangerously hot weather that could harm people.

Blumenfeld looks at heat waves from a statistical perspective. “In climatology it’s just extreme warmth relative to the time of year,” he said.

May 11 to May 14, the daily high temperature hit or was forecasted to land around 90 degrees. The average high for this time of year is around 67 to 68 degrees according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). That means the Twin Cities is running least 20 degrees warmer than usual.

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“If it’s supposed to be like 60 right now but right now, we’re having all this heat, it’s gotta be a heat wave,” said Ambuskah Little Voice while at the beach with friends.

Blumenfeld also understands that public health workers have their own definition. 

“[They] might consider a heat wave to be something that could cause human bodies to have problems keeping itself cool naturally,” said Blumenfeld.

That’s usually in peak summer when high humidity combines with high temperatures, creating dangerous conditions leading to heat stroke and exhaustion. 

“Heat during late May and even late September and October tends to be really dry compared to the kind of heat you get in July and August,” said Blumenfeld.

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If nights are comfortably cool, is it still a heat wave?

“That’s where it gets a little iffy,” Blumenfeld said.

A heat wave in mid-summer could have nights in the 70s while the air remains thick. In May, the daily low temperatures have settled in the 60s and even 50s, creating a difference of 25 to 30 degrees, even larger during this current heat wave. The air also pleasantly dry.

Could you have a heat wave in the winter?

Beachgoers said both yes and no. Heat isn’t a word typically associated with the coldest time of year, but there’s no denying that it still arrives in surprising fashion.

“We can have heat waves in winter if you’re looking at it statistically,” Blumenfeld said.

Consider late December 2023, the Twin Cities hit 55 degrees on Christmas Eve, then 54 degrees on Christmas day along with relatively high humidity. That’s extreme warmth for the holiday season, heating up the debate on how to label these steamy stretches.

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“Defining a heat wave really kind of depends on who’s asking,” Blumenfeld said.

The most recent extreme heat for the month of May came in 2018. That’s when much of Minnesota hit 100 degrees on Memorial Day.

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Trump tests boundaries of his power as Minnesota pushes back

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Trump tests boundaries of his power as Minnesota pushes back


Tom BatemanBBC News, Minnesota

Getty Images A woman with red hair and wearing a white cable-knit beanie hat points a gloved finger at a man dressed in googles, a hardhat and a pink respirator mask. She looks angry but not afraid. the action is happening in a crowded group of people, a cameraman is taking photographs behind them.Getty Images

With 1,500 troops reportedly on standby to deploy to Minnesota, tensions are rising in the state as protests continue against Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown. US officials say they are targeting the “worst of the worst” but critics warn migrants with no criminal record and US citizens are being detained, too.

“It could be anybody,” says Sunshine, as she drives around her neighbourhood, St Paul – one of the so-called Twin Cities, along with Minneapolis. Snow and ice swirl over the tarmac in the bitter wind.

Sunshine is not her real name – she has asked to use a pseudonym because of fears she could be targeted for her actions.

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“I have decided for my own safety to give them more space,” she says, referring to the unmarked patrol cars ahead, driven by the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents she is trying to track.

Each day, residents in loosely organised groups drive around their neighbourhoods trying to spot ICE agents and film them, they say, to hold them to account.

“I, we, have the legal right to drive on the streets of our own city and we have the legal rights to observe [the ICE agents], but they seem to have forgotten that,” Sunshine says.

The streets of Minneapolis feel like a battle of wills between a Republican president pressing the boundaries of his power and a Democratic city and state pushing back.

This week as the temperature plummeted, protests intensified against ICE agents outside the federal building hosting them.

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A woman's eyes can be seen in the rearview mirror of her car. Her identity is being obscured to protect her.

“Sunshine” says she has a legal right to observe ICE’s actions

Minnesota officials have urged protesters to stay orderly and peaceful, and local officials have said the majority have stayed trouble-free. But at times there have been clashes, with the authorities deploying tear gas and pepper balls to disperse crowds.

On Friday, a US federal judge issued an order limiting the crowd control tactics that can be used by ICE agents toward peaceful protesters in Minneapolis.

Judge Katherine Menendez said federal agents cannot arrest or pepper spray peaceful demonstrators, including those monitoring or observing ICE agents.

Trump has vowed to press on with his mass deportation drive in Minnesota, with thousands of federal agents deployed to the state.

Many of them were sent in the aftermath of the fatal shooting of Minneapolis woman, Renée Good, 37, by an ICE agent on 7 January.

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The circumstances surrounding her death remain contested, with the Trump administration saying the ICE agent who shot her acted in self-defence, while local officials argue the woman was attempting to leave and posed no danger. The FBI is investigating the shooting, but officials in Minnesota say they have been denied access to evidence.

Good’s killing has focused the minds of many members of this community who are determined to reverse Trump’s campaign.

In her car, Sunshine spots two unmarked vehicles with darkened windows containing ICE agents.

We follow them to a nearby neighbourhood, where the two cars proceed to drive slowly and repeatedly around the block in circles, in what is seemingly a diversion tactic to take Sunshine away from a shopping centre immigrants often use.

“This is the game. But if they’re doing this with me, they’re not putting their hands on someone,” she says.

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“So, yes, it’s gas money and it’s my time and I’m okay with that.”

The week after Good’s death there was a second shooting involving a federal officer in Minneapolis.

Reuters Demonstrators stand in front of members of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and other law enforcement officials, near the Bishop Henry Whipple Federal Building. One man is wearing a red jacket another is wearing a brown jacket opposite a line officials wearing all black and black helmets
Reuters

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) said an officer shot a man in the leg in Minneapolis after being attacked with a shovel as he tried to make an arrest of a Venezuelan migrant who entered the US illegally.

After the incident, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said the agent was “beat up” and “bruised”, adding ICE officers were “following protocols that we have used for years” from before the Trump administration.

The man’s family has disputed the DHS’ version of events in an interview with the Washington Post, saying he was shot in the doorway and not during a scuffle in the street.

Minneapolis is the fifth major city to be targeted in Trump’s immigration crackdown after his election pledge for the biggest deportation operation of undocumented migrants in history.

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The campaign, which remains popular with most Republicans and especially Trump’s Make America Great Again (Maga) supporters, has sparked a fierce backlash in the Democrat-led cities where operations are taking place.

On Saturday, hundreds of demonstrators confronted and chased away a small group attempting to hold a pro-ICE and anti-Islam rally.

Counter-protesters converged on the event organised by far-right activist Jake Lang, who was pardoned by Trump after being charged with crimes related to the US Capitol riots on 6 January 2021. Lang had vowed to burn a Quran outside City Hall, however it is not clear if he carried out his plan.

Minnesota is home to the largest community of Somali immigrants in the US, the majority of whom are US citizens. The president has said they should “go back to where they came from” and described the community as “garbage”. He launched the immigration crackdown in December after some Somali immigrants were convicted in a massive fraud of state welfare programmes.

Minnesota Governor Tim Walz recently said he would end his bid for re-election amid the fraud scandal. But he has accused Trump and his allies of seeking to take advantage of the crisis to play politics.

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Against this backdrop, Trump has threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act, a 19th Century law that allows active-duty military personnel to be deployed for law enforcement within the US, to quell the city’s resistance to his immigration campaign.

On Friday the Justice Department opened a criminal probe into the Democrats Walz and Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey, accusing them of attempting to impede federal immigration operations. Walz said the move was “weaponising the justice system against your opponents”.

In a post on social media, Trump called protesters in the city “traitors, troublemakers and insurrectionists” and accused them of being “in many cases, highly paid professionals”.

Reuters An Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent raises a finger moments after detaining a man during an immigration raid, he is standing with his back to the camera and is wearing all black apart from a green vest with the words ICE on it in yellow writing Reuters

In response to this characterisation, Sunshine says: “I’m definitely not being paid.

“I think that I’m doing what I’m doing because I love my neighbours and watching them being racially profiled in the streets of our own our city.”

She adds: “We have to protect one another.”

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Federal agents have been accused of racial profiling by observers, something the Trump administration denies.

Near a Mexican restaurant, we stop the car and another observer who calls herself Misko gets out of her car, heading towards Sunshine, visibly distressed.

The two women embrace. Misko is struggling for breath as she recounts what just happened.

“Just around the corner. Two of them blocked me in, then they came out. [One agent] had an assault rifle. He was pounding on my window,” she says.

DHS officials did not respond to questions from the BBC about the incident.

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Despite the encounter, Misko later tells me she won’t be deterred. With the president also renewing his threat to send in troops, Minneapolis feels in the grip of a deepening crisis, and no-one seems prepared to slow it down.



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Minnesota National Guard ‘staged and ready’ as Minneapolis protests continue, state officials say | CNN

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Minnesota National Guard ‘staged and ready’ as Minneapolis protests continue, state officials say | CNN


Crowds of bundled-up protesters took to the frigid streets in Minneapolis again Saturday, sparking more tense standoffs with federal immigration officers and a confrontation between anti- and pro-ICE demonstrators near City Hall. Minnesota officials announced the state’s National Guard is now mobilized if needed, as ordered by Gov. Tim Walz earlier this month.

“They are not deployed to city streets at this time, but are ready to help support public safety,” Minnesota’s Department of Public Safety said in a social media post that included pictures of Guard members gathering bags of equipment alongside a row of trucks on a snowy road.

The National Guard is “staged and ready to respond,” Minnesota National Guard spokesperson Army Maj. Andrea Tsuchiya said in a statement to CNN, noting the troops will help provide “traffic support to protect life, preserve property, and support the rights of all Minnesotans to assemble peacefully.”

Walz thanked local law enforcement for maintaining public safety amid the ongoing protests against the Trump administration’s sweeping immigration operation in the Twin Cities. He urged everyone making their voices heard this weekend to “stay safe and stay peaceful.”

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Protests intensified after an Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent fatally shot Renee Good, a 37-year-old mother of three, in her car earlier this month. Her killing has sparked protests across the country and fueled outrage at President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown, which has seen armed and masked agents employing aggressive tactics in targeted campaigns across US cities. That outrage deepened last week when another federal agent shot a Venezuelan man in the leg who the Department of Homeland Security said was “violently” resisting arrest.

An official in Walz’s office said the mobilization announced Saturday was a reconfirmation of the governor’s direction for the state National Guard to prepare if needed to support local law enforcement. Walz gave the initial order to prepare the day after Good was killed.

Demonstrators chanted and waved signs in downtown Minneapolis and outside the Bishop Henry Whipple Federal Building on Saturday despite brutally cold weather. Extra measures were put in place in downtown Minneapolis with blocked roads and at least one hotel bolstering security due to the protests.

At the Whipple federal building, a large group of federal officers clad in riot gear moved toward protesters, who responded with chants of expletives and boos. Some protesters urged restraint, calling on the crowd to stay together.

CNN observed several protesters detained by federal law enforcement near the building. The demonstrations appeared largely peaceful, and it was not immediately clear what led to the detentions. CNN has reached out to DHS for comment.

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Personnel from the Hennepin County Sheriff’s Department were also present but told CNN in the evening that they did not detain or arrest anyone at Saturday’s protests. Sheriff’s deputies’ vehicles were used to block parts of the street from demonstrators and deputies appeared to mostly remain in their cars.

Earlier in the day, conservative influencer Jake Lang led a small group supporting ICE in what was dubbed the “March Against Minnesota Fraud” near City Hall but was outnumbered and chased away by a much larger group of counter-demonstrators, CNN affiliate KARE reported. The Minneapolis Police Department told CNN Saturday evening they gave a dispersal order but made no arrests and the crowd “eventually dispersed without incident.”

Lang said on social media before the event that he intended to “burn a Quran” on the steps of City Hall, but it’s unclear whether that happened, according to the Associated Press. He appeared to have bruises and scrapes on his head as he left the area Saturday, the AP reported. Lang, who recently announced plans to run for US Senate in Florida, is among the January 6 defendants granted clemency by President Trump. He was charged with assaulting an officer with a baseball bat, civil disorder and other crimes, the AP reported.

Demonstrations are continuing with new restrictions placed on federal agents under a preliminary injunction from a judge on Friday.

Federal agents cannot arrest or detain peaceful protesters or deploy certain crowd-control measures against them, according to US District Judge Katherine Menendez’s ruling. Menendez also said agents can no longer stop and detain drivers when there is “no reasonable articulable suspicion” they are forcibly obstructing or interfering with federal operations, noting, “The act of safely following” the officers “at an appropriate distance does not, by itself, create reasonable suspicion to justify a vehicle stop.”

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The restrictions apply to personnel carrying out the Trump administration’s Operation Metro Surge, which began last month and involves thousands of federal agents dispatched to the Twin Cities to target undocumented Somali immigrants.

The city of Minneapolis responded with a statement saying, “As this is a federal court order, we expect the federal administration to change course and comply for the safety of all.”

Responding to the ruling, assistant DHS Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said agents follow training and use “the minimum amount of force necessary to protect themselves, the public, and federal property” from what the department called “dangerous rioters.”

Top Border Patrol official Gregory Bovino issued a similar statement on X, alleging “agitators” in Minneapolis have assaulted and thrown objects at officers and rammed law enforcement vehicles.

“We will continue enforcing the law, making arrests, and keeping Minneapolis safe. Undeterred. Unapologetic,” Bovino said, without specifically references the judge’s ruling.

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The preliminary injunction stems from a lawsuit filed by activists that is separate from a lawsuit filed Monday by the state of Minnesota and the Twin Cities over the federal government’s Operation Metro Surge.

The escalating legal battles come amid word that the Department of Justice is investigating Walz and Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey over possible obstruction of federal law enforcement, sources familiar with the matter told CNN. Walz and Frey and other Democrats decried the reported investigation, accusing the Trump administration of weaponizing the DOJ to target political opponents.



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Judge blocks SNAP cuts to Minnesota

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Judge blocks SNAP cuts to Minnesota


SNAP benefits in Minnesota will continue to be funded after a federal judge granted a preliminary injunction filed by the state’s attorney general.

This comes after President Trump’s administration threatened to withhold federal funds that make the program possible. 

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Court blocks USDA demand for in-person interviews of SNAP recipients

Big picture view:

Back in December 2025, Trump administration officials said states who refuse to comply with federal reporting standards risk losing SNAP funding.

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Those reporting standards included conducting in-person interviews with SNAP recipients.

Attorney General Keith Ellison filed a lawsuit on Dec. 23 challenging the USDA’s demand, which he described as impossible. The Trump administration continued to threaten to cut off Minnesota’s SNAP funding unless the state complied.

However, a U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota issued a preliminary injunction to block the implementation of the new reporting standards, preventing the state from losing SNAP administration funding.

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The judge said Minnesota must file its plan of operation and file a declaration identifying the harm that the USDA would cause by withholding this federal money for the first quarter of 2026.

By the numbers:

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State officials said Minnesota has about 450,000 people who rely on SNAP benefits each month, including 180,000 children, 70,000 seniors and 50,000 adults with disabilities.

In May 2025, data showed that 7.8% of the population participates in the program – a total of 451,966 people.

Minnesota Attorney General response 

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What they’re saying:

Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison shared the following statement: 

“We have won yet another battle in the Trump administration’s war on Minnesota. Before any of us in the state are Republicans or Democrats, we are Minnesotans, and it should shock and disgust us that this president is trying to take food off the table of half a million of our neighbors. I’m pleased to have stopped this from happening, and I will continue to do everything in my power to stand up to the Trump administration when they try to harm the people of Minnesota.”

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The Source: This story uses information from federal court documents and previous FOX 9 reporting. 

PoliticsKeith Ellison



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