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What really motivates people to exercise: Reddit study yields surprising insights

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What really motivates people to exercise: Reddit study yields surprising insights
Young woman working out with battle ropes at a gym

(© M. Business – stock.adobe.com)

In a nutshell

  • Physical appearance is the top motivator for exercise (24%), outranking physical health (19%) and mental health (17%), according to analysis of Reddit discussions.
  • Building consistent habits is the most effective strategy for maintaining exercise routines, with 30% of users emphasizing routine over motivation.
  • During the COVID-19 pandemic, motivations shifted significantly – physical appearance became less important while health benefits gained greater prominence.

TEL AVIV — Vanity trumps health when it comes to why people start exercising. This surprising finding emerged when Tel Aviv University researchers took an unconventional approach to studying fitness motivation: they analyzed unfiltered Reddit conversations instead of using traditional surveys. Their data revealed physical appearance was the top motivation (24% of comments), with physical health (19%) and mental health (17%) trailing behind.

When it comes to sticking with exercise, building consistent habits proved most crucial, with Redditors emphasizing that discipline matters far more than fleeting motivation.

‘In reality, they want six-pack abs’

The study, published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, offers a rare glimpse into what people say about exercise when they’re speaking freely, not responding to researcher-designed questions. Researchers Michal Shmueli-Scheuer, Yedidya Silverman, Israel Halperin, and Yftach Gepner analyzed 1,577 unique comments from fitness-focused and general advice Reddit communities to uncover these patterns.

Despite mountains of evidence supporting the benefits of exercise, more than 80% of adolescents and 27% of adults worldwide fail to meet the World Health Organization’s minimum activity guidelines. This persistent gap between knowing exercise is good and actually doing it drives researchers to better understand what truly gets people moving.

Man doing shoulder presses at the gymMan doing shoulder presses at the gym
Building an attractive physique is a top reason why people hit the gym. (Photo by Getty Images in collaboration with Unsplash+)

Traditional research on exercise motivation typically relies on questionnaires and structured interviews. While these approaches yield valuable data, they come with blind spots. Study participants represent a self-selected group — people already interested enough in exercise to volunteer for research. Scientists call this “volunteer bias,” meaning participants often differ from the general population in key ways.

Questionnaires can also subtly influence responses. The phrasing might confuse participants or nudge them toward certain answers. People may give what they think are socially acceptable answers or try to guess what researchers want to hear, a phenomenon known as “demand characteristics.”

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“Our findings are not based on self-reporting, a representative sample, a questionnaire, or a survey. This is, in plain terms, the real reason why people exercise. And the answer is that people mainly exercise to look good,” explains Prof. Gepner in a statement. “In questionnaires, people claim they want to be healthy, but in reality, they want six-pack abs. These findings are important because they teach us how to address the public, how to persuade people to get off the couch, promote health, and prevent disease.”

When it comes to exercise, some need than motivation

By turning to Reddit, the Tel Aviv team gained access to conversations happening naturally, without research prompts. Reddit’s anonymity likely encourages more candid sharing, as users don’t worry about judgment from people who know them personally.

They analyzed comments from six different subreddits: r/bodyweightfitness, r/crossfit, r/Fitness, r/askMen, r/askWomen, and r/askReddit. Using natural language processing, they categorized discussions into two main themes: reasons for starting exercise and tactics for maintaining exercise routines.

Beyond the top three motivational factors (appearance, physical health, and mental health), the analysis revealed seven key strategies people use to stick with exercise. Habit formation dominated at 30%, followed by goal setting (14%), choosing enjoyable activities (12%), socializing (10%), using media like music or videos (9%), tracking with apps (2.8%), and financial commitment (2.5%).

Many Reddit users emphasized that motivation alone isn’t enough. As one commenter bluntly put it: “Motivation depends on emotions which are unstable. Discipline is the ability to maintain a habit even when the motivation isn’t there.”

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Woman taking selfie while exercising at the gymWoman taking selfie while exercising at the gym
Gymgoers prioritize looks over health, according to the pulse of Redditors. (© Bojan – stock.adobe.com)

For goal setting, commenters stressed concrete targets: “You really have to want it. If you don’t care to change or don’t have any numerical goals, you won’t last. Set some goals and really strive to meet them.”

Finding activities you genuinely enjoy was another major theme. “I hate going on runs or going to lift weights at the gym. I can’t get motivated to do that,” wrote one user. “But if I take a spin class or kickboxing or muscle endurance class I love it. It’s all about finding something you like.”

The COVID-19 pandemic shifted these priorities notably. Comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic-era comments showed physical appearance became less important (dropping from 26% to 19%), while physical and mental health grew more significant (rising from 17% to 25% and 15% to 24%, respectively). This reflects how the global health crisis reshaped priorities.

Wise redditor advice: ‘Do something fun for exercise’

The researchers also tracked which topics appeared together most frequently. Physical and mental health often showed up in the same comments, as did app monitoring and goal setting. This suggests people typically have multiple reasons for exercising and use several strategies simultaneously to stay consistent.

The team went beyond counting mentions by analyzing which topics received the most positive reception through Reddit’s upvoting system. Habit formation, physical appearance, and financial commitment weren’t just frequently discussed, they were highly valued by the community. For trainers or fitness club management, strategies emphasizing consistent habits, concrete goals, and finding genuinely enjoyable activities might prove more effective for clients than those focused mainly on health benefits.

The study also showcases social media’s potential as a research tool. Though traditional methods remain important, analyzing social media conversations captures more natural perspectives. As people increasingly share their experiences online, these platforms offer rich insights into human behavior.

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In a world where sedentary lifestyles keep expanding, understanding what truly drives people to exercise becomes increasingly vital.

“It’s an astonishing phenomenon: science tells us that if we put just over two hours a week into physical activity, we can prevent 30% of diseases, improve our quality of life, and extend our lifespan; and yet, less than a quarter of the population actually does this. Why? What have we failed to see?” asks Gepner. “While we all wish our loved one’s good health on their birthday, a wish of ‘good workouts’ is quite rare… But there is a way to be healthy – by exercising. That’s why it’s crucial to understand what really motivates people to engage in physical activity and what helps them stick with it.”

The bottom line? The most effective exercise routine isn’t necessarily the scientifically optimal one — it’s the one you’ll actually do consistently. As one Redditor summed it up: “Do something fun for exercise. For example, I love basketball so I play basketball as an exercise but I still enjoy it and it doesn’t even seem like work.”

Paper Summary

Methodology

The researchers used a clever multi-step process to mine Reddit for insights about exercise motivation. They started by searching for keywords like “motivation,” “exercise,” and “sport,” initially finding 59 subreddits. They narrowed this down by removing smaller communities (under 100,000 users), non-English groups, and forums not focused on exercise motivation. This left them with six popular subreddits: three fitness-specific (r/bodyweightfitness, r/crossfit, r/Fitness) and three general advice communities (r/askMen, r/askWomen, r/askReddit).

Using Reddit’s API, they pulled comments containing motivation and exercise terms. To prevent any single prolific user from skewing results, they included only one randomly selected comment per user. After filtering out comments with just emojis, links, non-English text, or single-word responses, they had 1,577 unique comments to analyze.

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Their analysis combined machine learning with human expertise in a five-step process. First, they used natural language processing to identify potential topic clusters. Then exercise science experts reviewed these clusters, suggested topic titles, and validated the categorization by independently reviewing samples. The remaining comments were automatically sorted into these topics. A second expert evaluation assessed this classification’s accuracy, with five graduate-level exercise physiology students reviewing random samples. Finally, they evaluated their classifier’s reliability using statistical metrics and expert agreement measures.

Results

The analysis revealed ten distinct topics falling into two categories: reasons to start exercising and ways to stick with it. Among motivations, physical appearance dominated at 24%, followed by physical health (19%) and mental health (17%). For adherence strategies, habit formation was the clear leader at 30%, with goal setting (14%), enjoyable activities (12%), socializing (10%), media use (9%), app monitoring (3%), and financial commitment (3%) completing the list.

The researchers dug deeper by examining how topics connected. They found physical and mental health frequently appeared together, as did strategies like app tracking and goal setting. The pre/during COVID comparison showed a notable shift from appearance toward health-focused motivations during the pandemic. When they examined which topics got the most upvotes, habit formation, physical appearance, and financial commitment received particularly positive reception from the Reddit community.

Limitations

Despite its fresh approach, the study has important limitations. The researchers lacked detailed demographic information about the commenters beyond Reddit’s general user statistics, which skew toward young, male, higher-income Americans. This makes it difficult to connect specific motivations with particular population groups.

The research questions were also relatively narrow, focusing mainly on identifying motivations and strategies rather than exploring effectiveness or adherence outcomes. And like all self-reported information, especially on anonymous platforms, there’s no way to verify how truthfully users described their experiences.

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The researchers’ “data-driven” approach allowed considerable discretion during data selection and filtering, potentially introducing selection bias. They acknowledged this limitation and suggested future studies could use more standardized methods for topic classification. Additionally, the initial topic categorization was done by just one reviewer without a formal content analysis process, which might have influenced how certain topics were classified.

Discussion and Takeaways

The findings partially align with previous research while offering fresh perspectives. The three main motivations (appearance, physical health, mental health) match categories in established questionnaires like the Exercise Motivation Measurement scale, supporting both the study’s approach and traditional assessment methods.

However, the results diverge in some areas. Reddit comments rarely mentioned personal and social motivations like challenge, enjoyment, social recognition, and group belonging that often appear in standard questionnaires. This difference might stem from Reddit’s public, anonymous nature, where users may be less likely to discuss personal motivations openly.

The findings have practical applications for promoting physical activity. Knowing that habit formation, goal setting, and enjoyable activities are the most commonly mentioned strategies could shape more effective interventions. Programs that help people build consistent routines, set concrete goals, and find activities they genuinely enjoy might achieve better long-term adherence than those focused primarily on health benefits.

More broadly, the study shows the value of social media as a research tool. While traditional methods remain essential, analyzing social media captures more natural, unfiltered perspectives. This approach expands research possibilities and provides deeper insights into how people think and behave in real-world contexts.

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Funding and Disclosures

The authors declared no conflicts of interest. The paper doesn’t mention specific funding sources. In their acknowledgments, the researchers noted minor use of ChatGPT (version 3.5) for editing the abstract to reduce word count.

Publication Information

The study, “Analysis of Reddit Discussions on Motivational Factors for Physical Activity: Cross-Sectional Study,” was authored by Michal Shmueli-Scheuer, Yedidya Silverman, Israel Halperin, and Yftach Gepner from Tel Aviv University’s Department of Health Promotion and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute. Published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (2025, volume 27, article e54489), it’s available online under open-access at https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e54489 with DOI: 10.2196/54489.

Fitness

Fitness: Beyond exercise, move more and live longer

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Fitness: Beyond exercise, move more and live longer

With so much emphasis being placed on accumulating a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise a week, there’s little discussion about what you should be doing the other 9,930 minutes.  

Sure, the estimated 20-per-cent reduction in mortality risk among individuals who meet the recommended amount of physical activity is impressive enough on its own. But there’s even greater improvements in longevity when you do more than just rest on the laurels of meeting the bare minimum.

A recent study published in the journal of Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism took on the challenge of determining the impact of supplementing 150 minutes of intentional physical activity with more incidental movement during the day.  

“Important questions remain regarding the joint and comparative benefits of light physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity,” said the study’s authors, who hail from the School of Kinesiology and Health Studies at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ont. 

Light physical activity broadly covers most of the movement behaviours outside of deliberate exercise. Household chores and yard work, strolling to the store, bus stop or coffee shop, playing with the kids, walking the dog and low-intensity recreational activities like lawn games, fishing and leisurely paddling are examples of the type of activity that people engage in over the course of a day and/or weekend. 

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Early studies on the benefits of light physical activity have been faced with difficulty distinguishing between light and moderate intensity activity — especially when using self-reported data. But the newest generation of wearables, which track any and all activity over the course of the day, have negated the bias related to personal recall and the self-determination of movement/exercise intensity. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, the researchers extrapolated a subset of 3,949 study subjects (an almost equal number of males and females) aged 40 and older who wore an accelerometer to record their daily activity. Their movement history was then cross-referenced with death records to establish mortality risk.

“The most notable finding was the substantial joint effect of light physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity on reducing mortality risk, which exceeded the maximal benefit of either intensity alone,” the researchers said. 

The combination of 335 minutes a day of light physical activity and 20 minutes a day of moderate/vigorous physical activity yielded an impressive six-fold reduction in mortality risk. But even about half that effort, 220 minutes of light physical activity a day and 10 minutes of moderate/vigorous activity, resulted in three-fold lessening in risk.

If that seems like a lot of minutes to be active, keep in mind that light physical activity is pretty much any movement you perform while not sitting. And in this particular cohort most of the higher-intensity activity was more moderate than vigorous and 45 per cent of the participants accumulated their exercise minutes in short bouts of less than 10 minutes.  

“These comparisons underscore how crucial physical activity is as a modifiable risk factor for longevity, emphasizing that its protective effect likely surpasses the impact of major health risks, particularly when light physical activity and moderate/vigorous physical activity are considered together,” the researchers said.

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Still not convinced you can find the time to make a significant dent in your mortality risk?  A substantial number (58 per cent) of the study subjects accumulated the combined amount of light and moderate/vigorous physical activity needed to realize the three-fold improvement in longevity. Twenty-six per cent combined both intensities in a dose large enough to obtain a six-fold reduction in mortality risk. 

“This suggests that health-enhancing levels of physical activity are reasonable and attainable for most adults,” the researchers said. 

That’s an important message for both active and not-so-active Canadians. What you do all day matters as much as a single workout. That’s not to downplay the benefits gained by hitting the gym regularly, but if you spend the rest of the day sitting at a desk or staring at a screen, you’re not doing all you can to add years to your life. 

As for those of you who struggle sustaining a regular workout schedule, the impact of short bouts of exercise combined with getting out of your chair more often is not only doable, it’s impressive enough to make you rethink your current lifestyle. Simple choices like going to the park with the kids, biking to the library, getting up from your desk more often and leaving the car at home the next time you want to hang out at the coffee shop all contribute toward the goal of four to six hours a day of light physical activity. Combine that with 150 minutes a week of intentional exercise in the moderate to vigorous range, even in short bouts, and you’ll have more years to enjoy life to its fullest. 

Those extra years might be motivation enough to get you out of your chair, but knowing that you’re also more likely to be in good health and with energy enough to continue doing the things you love is added incentive to move more and sit less. 

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Brisbane to get $5.6m boost to health and wellness programs

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Brisbane to get .6m boost to health and wellness programs

The Brisbane City Council has announced it will invest millions of dollars in a new health and wellness program.

The council will allocate $5.6 million in its 2026/2027 budget to boost healthy activities across Brisbane with the new Move Well Brisbane campaign.

It is the next stage of the council’s Active and Healthy program, which provides thousands of free and low-cost active programs in the city council area.

Lord Mayor Adrian Schrinner said the program to be delivered in Wednesday’s budget would be “the biggest boost to active and healthy programs that the city has ever seen”.

“It’s about making sure that Brisbane residents have the opportunity to stay active and healthy, to get out, to enjoy our amazing city, but also without hurting the hip pocket,” Cr Schrinner said.

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Mayor Adrian Schrinner says the program will build on existing fitness activities, including Pilates and yoga. (ABC News: Jordan Bissell)

The new program will see the number of participating businesses expand to 400, and sessions more than double to 20,000 over the next two years.

“This is a great opportunity for local businesses as well to get involved,” Cr Schrinner said.

“We’ve got opportunities for you to provide services to the people of Brisbane and to provide those free services, free classes, free activities that people really want to get involved with.

Cr Schrinner said the Move Well Brisbane program would build on existing fitness activities, including Pilates and yoga, with nutritional and cooking classes. 

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Three people, one in an apron, at a barbecue with Brisbane river and city in background.

Nutrition Australia Queensland will partner with the council to provide nutrition and healthy cooking classes. (ABC News: Jordan Bissell)

Nutrition Australia Queensland chief executive Kirsty Elliott said the organisation was “thrilled” to be providing food and cooking experiences under the new program. 

“Cost of living is affecting so many households at the moment so we’re hoping that people can come away really understanding how to produce meals for themselves in their households that really are helping them to stretch the dollar a bit further as well,” she said. 

Ms Elliott said the cooking and nutrition classes were intended to “help people really build their repertoire” of what they can cook.

“We try to keep it delicious, easy, and like I said: very budget friendly.”

Cost-of-living budget

Cr Schrinner said Wednesday’s budget would have a “big focus” on cost-of-living relief for Brisbane residents. 

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“I can assure you we’ve worked really, really hard to try and keep the costs down for Brisbane residents,” he said. 

“We know that we can’t solve every problem for people when it comes to cost of living, but certainly the things that we can control we want to keep down as low as possible and provide cost benefits and cost savings to people.”

He said the council would fulfil its promise to deliver the lowest council rates in south-east Queensland. 

“We’ve seen other council budgets come out already and we’re working to make sure that we keep our rates the lowest possible and the lowest in south-east Queensland.”

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‘It takes 2-6 weeks’: This Hollywood PT (who’s trained Pedro Pascal, ScarJo, Margot Robbie & more) shares his go-to exercise for a pain-free back — and how long it takes to ‘restore proper glute activation’

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‘It takes 2-6 weeks’: This Hollywood PT (who’s trained Pedro Pascal, ScarJo, Margot Robbie & more) shares his go-to exercise for a pain-free back — and how long it takes to ‘restore proper glute activation’

In your 30s? Years of sitting — at a desk, in a car, on a sofa — gradually teach the body to stop recruiting the glutes properly. It could be that your hip flexors feel a little tighter, or that your lower back picks up the slack when other muscle groups should be working.

Then, one day, that back starts aching for reasons that seem to come from nowhere.

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