Technology

Transferring data from old laptop to new one

Published

11 months ago

March 10, 2025

Transferring data from old laptop to new one

This is a great time of year to buy a new computer, especially if it’s been several years since your last upgrade. If you do buy a new laptop, you’ll probably want to transfer all of your data from your old laptop to the new one. Roger from Findlay, Ohio, emailed us asking for help with buying a new laptop and what software he can use to affordably move his data from his old laptop to his new one. Here’s what he is asking:

“I am a retired 75-year-old living on a fixed income. I only use my laptop for emails, banking, and the occasional solitaire game. I currently have a Lenovo Ideapad 110. I need to buy a new laptop. What laptop would be a good replacement for me, keeping in mind the cost and the limited usage I would need? What is the most cost-effective way to transfer my data to the new laptop? I have received prices from $100.00 to $200.00 just for the transfer from old to new. I could use some direction that will help me move forward.”

To answer this question, I’ll explain how to buy a new laptop and transfer your data. I’ll also include links to a few affordable laptops that can handle your daily emails and web surfing. Please keep reading to see our favorite laptops and software for data transfers.

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A laptop and external storage devices on a desk (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

The best laptops to buy in 2025

Laptops for everyone and at all price points

Images of various laptops (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

The first thing I recommend doing is looking at Kurt’s picks for the best laptops you can buy right now. You can read the article in detail here. If you’re in search of a laptop that can handle daily tasks such as browsing and emailing, check out these options from Acer, Lenovo and Asus.

Each laptop has enough processing power to make everything feel snappy, but none are ideal for a heavy workload. If you are just looking for something to check your email with and play the occasional game of Solitaire, the Acer Aspire 3 is your most affordable option. If you want something with 2-in-1 touchscreen functionality, then I would recommend the Lenovo Yoga 9i. The ASUS Zenbook 14 is a miniature powerhouse and a great option for anyone who wants to push a lightweight, portable laptop for content creation. Be sure to check out Kurt’s picks for the best laptops for 2025.

BEST ACCESSORIES TO GET FOR YOUR LAPTOP

How to transfer data from one device to another

Using external storage devices

A person holding a USB flash drive (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

There are two different ways you can use an external storage device to transfer your old data to your new computer. Here they are:

USB flash drive: Copy the files you want to transfer to a USB flash drive, then plug it into the new computer and copy the files over. Be aware that many flash drive storage spaces tend to be on the smaller side. This won’t be a problem if you are just transferring documents and emails to a new laptop, but if you have a lot of media files (photographs, videos, etc.), then you might be better suited with an external hard drive. Follow these steps:

For Windows

Plug the USB flash drive into an available USB port on your current computer
Wait for your computer to recognize the device
Open File Explorer on your computer
Locate the files you want to transfer and select them
Right-click on the selected files and choose Copy or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+C
Navigate to your USB flash drive in File Explorer
Right-click on an empty space and select Paste or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+V
Wait for the transfer to complete.
Safely eject the USB flash drive by right-clicking on its icon and selecting Eject
Plug the USB flash drive into the new computer and repeat steps 3-8 to copy files to the new device.

For Mac

Insert the USB flash drive into an available USB port
Wait for your Mac to recognize it (it should appear in Finder)
Open a Finder window and locate the files you want to transfer
Drag the selected files to the USB drive listed in the sidebar or right-click and choose Copy, then navigate to the USB drive, right-click and select Paste
Wait for the transfer to complete
Eject the USB drive by right-clicking its icon and selecting Eject before removing it

External hard drive: Similar to a USB flash drive, but with more storage capacity. External hard drives come as either portable Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) or Solid State Drives (SSDs). Portable SSDs tend to have higher capacity and are faster than HDDs, but cost more. If you need to transfer a lot of media files, in particular videos and photographs, I recommend choosing a portable SSD. Follow these steps:

For Windows

Connect the external hard drive (HDD or SSD) to your current computer’s USB port
Wait for the computer to recognize the device
Open File Explorer on your computer
Locate the files you want to transfer and select them
Right-click on the selected files and choose Copy or use Ctrl+C
Navigate to your external hard drive in File Explorer
Right-click on an empty space and select Paste or use Ctrl+V
Wait for the transfer to complete. This may take longer for large files or numerous files
Safely eject the external hard drive by right-clicking on its icon and selecting Eject
Connect the external hard drive to the new computer and repeat steps 3-8 to copy files to the new device

For Mac

Connect the external hard drive (HDD or SSD) to your Mac’s USB port
Wait for your Mac to recognize the device (it should appear in Finder)
Open a Finder window on your Mac
Locate the files you want to transfer and select them
Drag the selected files to the external hard drive listed in the Finder sidebar or right-click and choose Copy, then navigate to the external drive, right-click and select Paste
Alternatively, use the keyboard shortcuts Command-C to copy and Command-V to paste the files
Wait for the transfer to complete. This may take longer for large files or numerous files
Safely eject the external hard drive by right-clicking its icon in Finder and selecting Eject
Connect the external hard drive to the new Mac and repeat steps 3-7 to copy files to the new device

BEST ANTIVIRUS FOR MAC, PC, IPHONES AND ANDROIDS – CYBERGUY PICKS

Using cloud storage

Transferring data from an old laptop to a new one with cloud storage makes the process easy, but it’s also largely dependent on how much data you are transferring and how fast your internet speed is. Transferring data with a physical drive is always faster, but if you have a speedy internet connection and don’t want to buy additional accessories, then transferring via cloud storage is an excellent way to bring your new data over to a new computer.

Google Drive: Upload your files from your old computer to Google Drive, then download them to your new computer.
Dropbox: Similar to Google Drive but with different features and storage options.

Get a deeper dive into my top recommended cloud services here.

A woman working on her laptop (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

Using network transfer

If you have tried using cloud storage to transfer your data but found it too slow, you can utilize a network transfer with an Ethernet cable or over Wi-Fi to make the process go faster.

Ethernet Cable: Connect both computers to the same network using an Ethernet cable, enable file sharing and transfer the files directly.

Wi-Fi: Ensure both computers are on the same Wi-Fi network, enable file sharing and transfer the files wirelessly.

BEST POWER STRIPS AND SURGE PROTECTORS 2025

Using third-party software

There’s a wide range of third-party software you can also use to transfer your data. We prefer EaseUS Todo PCTrans, which you can learn more about below:

EaseUS Todo PCTrans (PC) – This powerful data migration software simplifies transferring files, applications and user settings between computers on the same network. It offers a streamlined way to move your data without the hassle of manual transfers. Learn more about it here.

Migration Assistant (Mac) – Built into macOS, Migration Assistant allows you to easily transfer files, settings and applications from one Mac to another or from a Time Machine backup. This free tool ensures a smooth transition when setting up a new Mac. Learn more about it here.

If you are looking for an in-depth guide on the different ways to transfer data to a new laptop, see my in-depth guide here.

HOW TO REMOVE YOUR PRIVATE DATA FROM THE INTERNET

Essential steps to take when you get a new laptop or desktop

Buying a new computer is exciting, but beyond transferring your data, there are several important steps to ensure a smooth setup and optimal performance. Here’s what I recommend:

Transfer your data – Move your files, applications and settings from your old device.
Install your preferred browser – Get your favorite web browser set up for seamless browsing. See my picks here.
Set up your operating system – Configure Windows or macOS to match your preferences.
Register your hardware and software – Activate warranties and ensure your software is properly licensed.

For a step-by-step guide on everything to do when setting up a new computer, check out these tips: Setting up a new PC | Setting up a new Mac.

And once you’ve got your new computer up and running, don’t forget to securely dispose of your old device to protect your data. Learn how to do that here.

BEST DESKTOP COMPUTERS FOR 2025

Kurt’s key takeaways

Buying a new computer is an exciting time, but there are a lot of different ways to set up your new computer and make it truly yours. We have several guides on everything you need to do with a new Windows computer or a new Mac, and you can always reach out to us via email if you have more questions.

What is your biggest concern when it comes to upgrading your technology? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact.

For more of my tech tips and security alerts, subscribe to my free CyberGuy Report Newsletter by heading to Cyberguy.com/Newsletter.

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Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson is an award-winning tech journalist who has a deep love of technology, gear and gadgets that make life better with his contributions for Fox News & FOX Business beginning mornings on “FOX & Friends.” Got a tech question? Get Kurt’s free CyberGuy Newsletter, share your voice, a story idea or comment at CyberGuy.com.

Technology

HP ZBook Ultra G1a review: a business-class workstation that’s got game

Published

3 hours ago

February 12, 2026

Press Room

HP ZBook Ultra G1a review: a business-class workstation that’s got game

Business laptops are typically dull computers foisted on employees en masse. But higher-end enterprise workstation notebooks sometimes get an interesting enough blend of power and features to appeal to enthusiasts. HP’s ZBook Ultra G1a is a nice example. It’s easy to see it as another gray boring-book for spendy business types, until you notice a few key specs: an AMD Strix Halo APU, lots of RAM, an OLED display, and an adequate amount of speedy ports (Thunderbolt 4, even — a rarity on AMD laptops).

I know from my time with the Asus ROG Flow Z13 and Framework Desktop that anything using AMD’s high-end Ryzen AI Max chips should make for a compelling computer. But those two are a gaming tablet and a small form factor PC, respectively. Here, you get Strix Halo and its excellent integrated graphics in a straightforward, portable 14-inch laptop — so far, the only one of its kind. That should mean great performance with solid battery life, and the graphics chops to hang with midlevel gaming laptops — all in a computer that wouldn’t draw a second glance in a stuffy office. It’s a decent Windows (or Linux) alternative to a MacBook Pro, albeit for a very high price.

$3499

The Good

Great screen, keyboard, and trackpad
Powerful AMD Strix Halo chip
Solid port selection with Thunderbolt 4
Can do the work stuff, the boring stuff, and also game

The Bad

Expensive
Strix Halo can be power-hungry
HP’s enterprise-focused security software is nagging

The HP ZBook Ultra G1a starts around $2,100 for a modest six-core AMD Ryzen AI Max Pro 380 processor, 16GB of shared memory, and basic IPS display. Our review unit is a much higher-spec configuration with a 16-core Ryzen AI Max Plus Pro 395, 2880 x 1800 resolution 120Hz OLED touchscreen, 2TB of storage, and a whopping 128GB of shared memory, costing nearly $4,700. I often see it discounted by $1,000 or more — still expensive, but more realistic for someone seeking a MacBook Pro alternative. Having this much shared memory is mostly useful for hefty local AI inference workloads and serious dataset crunching; most people don’t need it. But with the ongoing memory shortage I’d also understand wanting to futureproof.

Screen: A
Webcam: B
Keyboard: B
Trackpad: B
Port selection: B
Speakers: B
Number of ugly stickers to remove: 1 (only a Windows sticker on the bottom)

Unlike cheaper HP laptops I’ve tested that made big sacrifices on everyday features like speaker quality, the ZBook Ultra G1a is very good across the board. The OLED is vibrant, with punchy contrast. The keyboard has nice tactility and deep key travel. The mechanical trackpad is smooth, with a good click feel. The 5-megapixel webcam looks solid in most lighting. And the speakers have a full sound that I’m happy to listen to music on all day. I have my gripes, but they’re minor: The 400-nit screen could be a little brighter, the four-speaker audio system doesn’t sound quite as rich as current MacBook Pros, and my accidental presses of the Page Up and Page Down keys above the arrows really get on my nerves. These quibbles aren’t deal-breakers, though for the ZBook’s price I wish HP solved some of them.

The big thing you’re paying for with the ZBook Ultra is that top-end Strix Halo APU, which is so far only found in $2,000+ computers and a sicko-level gaming handheld, though there will be cut-down versions coming to cheaper gaming laptops this year.

The flagship 395 chip in the ZBook offers speedy performance for mixed-use work and enough battery life to eke out an eight-hour workday filled with Chrome tabs and web apps (with power-saving measures). I burned through battery in Adobe Lightroom Classic, but even though Strix Halo is less powerful when disconnected from wall power, the ZBook didn’t get bogged down. I blazed through a hefty batch edit of 47-megapixel RAW images without any particularly long waits on things like AI denoise or automated masking adjustments.

An understated workhorse of a laptop, for an opulent price.

The ZBook stays cool and silent during typical use; pushing it under heavy loads only yields a little warmth in its center and a bit of tolerable fan noise that’s easily drowned out by music, a video, or a game at normal volume.

This isn’t a gaming-focused laptop any more than a MacBook Pro is, as its huge pool of shared memory and graphics cores are meant for workstation duties. However, this thing can game. I spent an entire evening playing Battlefield 6 with friends, with Discord and Chrome open in the background, and the whole time it averaged 70 to 80fps in 1920 x 1200 resolution with Medium preset settings and FSR set to Balanced mode — with peaks above 100fps. Running it at the native 2880 x 1800 got a solid 50-ish fps that’s fine for single-player.

Intel’s new Panther Lake chips also have great integrated graphics for gaming, while being more power-efficient. But Strix Halo edges out Panther Lake in multi-core tasks and graphics, with the flagship 395 version proving as capable as a laptop RTX 4060 discrete GPU. AMD’s beefy mobile chips have also proven great for Linux if you’re looking to get away from Windows.

	HP Zbook Ultra G1a / Ryzen AI Max Plus Pro 395 (Strix Halo) / 128GB / 2TB	Asus Zenbook Duo / Intel Core Ultra X9 388H (Panther Lake) / 32GB / 1TB	MacBook Pro 14 / Apple M5 / 16GB / 1TB	MacBook Pro 16 / Apple M4 Pro / 48GB / 2TB	Asus ROG Flow Z13/ AMD Ryzen AI Max Plus 395 (Strix Halo) / 32GB / 1TB	Framework Desktop / AMD Ryzen AI Max Plus 395 (Strix Halo) / 128GB / 1TB
CPU cores	16	16	10	14	16	16
Graphics cores	40	12	10	20	40	40
Geekbench 6 CPU Single	2826	3009	4208	3976	2986	2961
Geekbench 6 CPU Multi	18125	17268	17948	22615	19845	17484
Geekbench 6 GPU (OpenCL)	85139	56839	49059	70018	80819	86948
Cinebench 2024 Single	113	129	200	179	116	115
Cinebench 2024 Multi	1614	983	1085	1744	1450	1927
PugetBench for Photoshop	10842	8773	12354	12374	10515	10951
PugetBench for Premiere Pro (version 2.0.0+)	78151	54920	71122	Not tested	Not tested	Not tested
Premiere 4K Export (shorter time is better)	2 minutes, 39 seconds	3 minutes, 3 seconds	3 minutes, 14 seconds	2 minutes, 13 seconds	Not tested	2 minutes, 34 seconds
Blender Classroom test (seconds, lower is better)	154	61	44	Not tested	Not tested	135
Sustained SSD reads (MB/s)	6969.04	6762.15	7049.45	6737.84	6072.58	Not tested
Sustained SSD writes (MB/s)	5257.17	5679.41	7317.6	7499.56	5403.13	Not tested
3DMark Time Spy (1080p)	13257	9847	Not tested	Not tested	12043	17620
Price as tested	$4,689	$2,299.99	$1,949	$3,349	$2,299.99	$2,459

In addition to Windows 11’s upsells and nagging notifications, the ZBook also has HP’s Wolf Security, designed for deployment on an IT-managed fleet of company laptops. For someone not using this as a work-managed device, its extra layer of protections may be tolerable, but they’re annoying. They range from warning you about files from an “untrusted location” (fine) to pop-ups when plugging in a non-HP USB-C charger (infuriating). You can turn off and uninstall all of this, same as you can for the bloatware AI Companion and Support Assistant apps, but it’s part of what HP charges for on its Z workstation line.

You don’t need to spend this kind of money on a kitted-out ZBook Ultra G1a unless you do the kind of specialized computing (local AI models, mathematical simulations, 3D rendering, etc.) it’s designed for. There’s a more attainable configuration, frequently on sale for around $2,500, but its 12-core CPU, lower-specced GPU, and 64GB of shared memory are a dip in performance.

Thunderbolt 4? On an AMD laptop?

Heresy! (I like heresy.)

If you’re mostly interested in gaming, an Asus ROG Zephyrus G14 or even a Razer Blade 16 make a hell of a lot more sense. For about the price of our ZBook Ultra review unit, the Razer gets you an RTX 5090 GPU, with much more powerful gaming performance, while the more modest ROG Zephyrus G14 with an RTX 5060 gets you comparable gaming performance to the ZBook Ultra in a similar form factor for nearly $3,000 less. The biggest knock against those gaming laptops compared to the ZBook is that their fans get much louder under load.

And while it’s easy to think of a MacBook Pro as the lazy answer to all computing needs, it still should be said: If you don’t mind macOS, you can get a whole lot more (non-gaming) performance from an M4 Pro / M4 Max MacBook Pro. Even sticking with Windows and integrated graphics, the Asus Zenbook Duo with Panther Lake at $2,300 is a deal by comparison, once it launches.

1/7

This keyboard is excellent.

At $4,700, this is a specific machine for specialized workloads. It’s a travel-friendly 14-inch that can do a bit of everything, but it’s a high price for a jack of all trades if you’re spending your own money. The ZBook piqued my interest because it’s one of the earliest examples of Strix Halo in a conventional laptop. After using it, I’m even more excited to see upcoming models at more down-to-earth prices.

2025 HP ZBook Ultra G1a specs (as reviewed)

Display: 14-inch (2880 x 1800) 120Hz OLED touchscreen
CPU: AMD Ryzen AI Max Plus Pro 395 (Strix Halo)
RAM: 128GB LPDDR5x memory, shared with the GPU
Storage: 2TB PCIe 4.0 M.2 NVMe SSD
Webcam: 5-megapixel with IR and privacy shutter
Connectivity: Wi-Fi 7, Bluetooth 5.4
Ports: 2x Thunderbolt 4 / USB-C (up to 40Gbps with Power Delivery and DisplayPort), 1x USB-C 3.2 Gen 2, 1x USB-A 3.2 Gen 2, HDMI 2.1, 3.5mm combo audio jack
Biometrics: Windows Hello facial recognition, power button with fingerprint reader
Weight: 3.46 pounds / 1.57kg
Dimensions: 12.18 x 8.37 x 0.7 inches / 309.37 x 212.60 x 17.78mm
Battery: 74.5Whr
Price: $4,689

Photography by Antonio G. Di Benedetto / The Verge

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Antonio G. Di Benedetto

Technology

Warm-skinned AI robot with camera eyes is seriously creepy

Published

3 hours ago

February 12, 2026

Press Room

Warm-skinned AI robot with camera eyes is seriously creepy

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Humanoid robots are no longer hiding in research labs somewhere. These days, they are stepping into public spaces, and they are starting to look alarmingly human.

A Shanghai startup has now taken that idea further by unveiling what it calls the world’s first biometric AI robot. Yes, it is as creepy as it sounds. The robot is called Moya, and it comes from DroidUp, also known as Zhuoyide. The company revealed Moya at a launch event in Zhangjiang Robotics Valley, a growing hotspot for humanoid development in China.

At first glance, you can still tell Moya is a robot. The skin looks plasticky. The eyes feel vacant. The movements are slightly off. Then you learn more details about her, and that’s when the discomfort kicks in.

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Warm skin makes this humanoid robot feel unsettling

HUMANOID ROBOTS ARE GETTING SMALLER, SAFER AND CLOSER

Even when standing still, the robot’s posture and proportions blur the line between machine and person in a way many people find unsettling. (DroidUp)

Most robots feel cold and mechanical. Moya does not. According to DroidUp, Moya’s body temperature sits between 90°F and 97°F, roughly the same range as a human. Company founder Li Qingdu says robots meant to serve people should feel warm and approachable. That idea sounds thoughtful until you picture a humanoid with warm skin standing next to you in a quiet hallway. DroidUp says this design points toward future use in healthcare, education and commercial settings. It also sees Moya as a daily companion. That idea may excite engineers. However, for many people, it triggers the opposite reaction. Warmth removes one of the few clear signals that separates machines from humans. Once that line blurs, discomfort grows fast.

Why this humanoid robot’s walk feels so off

Moya does not roll or glide. She walks. DroidUp says her walking motion is 92 percent accurate, though it is not clear how that number is calculated. On screen, the movement feels cautious and a little stiff. It looks like someone is moving carefully after leg day at the gym. The hardware underneath is doing real work. Moya runs on the Walker 3 skeleton, an updated system connected to a bronze medal finish at the world’s first robot half-marathon in Beijing in April 2025. Put simply, robots are getting better at moving through everyday spaces. Watching one do it this convincingly feels strange, not impressive. It makes you stop and stare, then wonder why it feels so uncomfortable.

Camera eyes and facial reactions raise privacy concerns

Behind Moya’s eyes sit cameras. Those cameras allow her to interact with people and respond with subtle facial movements, often called microexpressions. Add onboard AI and DroidUp now labels Moya a fully biomimetic embodied intelligent robot. That phrase sounds impressive. It also raises obvious questions. If a humanoid robot can see you, track your reactions and mirror emotional cues, trust becomes complicated. You may forget you are interacting with a machine. You may act differently. That shift has consequences in public spaces. This is AI moving out of screens and into physical proximity. Once that happens, the stakes change.

Price alone keeps this robot out of your home

If you are worried about waking up to a warm-skinned humanoid in your home, relax for now. Moya is expected to launch in late 2026 at roughly $173,000. That price places her firmly in institutional territory. DroidUp sees the robot working in train stations, banks, museums and shopping malls. Tasks would include guidance, information and public service interactions. That still leaves plenty of people uneasy, especially those whose jobs already feel vulnerable to automation. For homes, the future still looks more like robot vacuums than walking companions.

Up close, Moya’s eyes look almost human, which raises questions about how much realism is too much for robots meant to operate in public spaces. (DroidUp)

WORLD’S FIRST AI-POWERED INDUSTRIAL SUPER-HUMANOID ROBOT

What this means to you

This is not about buying a humanoid robot tomorrow. It is about where technology is heading. Warm skin, camera eyes and human-like movement signal a shift in design priorities. Engineers want robots that blend in socially. The more they succeed, the harder it becomes to maintain clear boundaries. As these machines enter public spaces, questions about consent, surveillance and emotional manipulation will follow. Even if the robot is polite and helpful, the presence alone changes how people behave. Creepy reactions are not irrational. They are early warning signs.

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Kurt’s key takeaways

Moya’s debut feels worth paying attention to because she is real enough to trigger discomfort almost instantly. That reaction matters. It suggests people are being asked to get used to lifelike machines before they have time to question what that really means. Humanoid robots do not need warm skin to be helpful. They do not need faces to point someone in the right direction. Still, companies keep pushing toward realism, even when it makes people uneasy. In tech, speed often comes before reflection, and this is one area where slowing down might matter more than racing ahead.

If a warm-skinned robot with camera eyes greeted you out in public, would you trust it or avoid eye contact and walk faster? Let us know by writing to us at Cyberguy.com.

Moya’s humanlike appearance is intentional, from her warm skin to subtle facial details designed to feel familiar rather than mechanical. (DroidUp)

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Technology

Two more xAI co-founders are among those leaving after the SpaceX merger

Published

15 hours ago

February 11, 2026

Press Room

Two more xAI co-founders are among those leaving after the SpaceX merger

Since the xAI-SpaceX merger announced last week, which combined the two companies (as well as social media platform X) for a reported $1.25 trillion valuation — the biggest merger of all time — a handful of xAI employees and two of its co-founders have abruptly exited the company, penning long departure announcements online. Some also announced that they were starting their own AI companies.

Co-founder Yuhai (Tony) Wu announced his departure on X, writing that it was “time for [his] next chapter.” Jimmy Ba, another co-founder, posted something similar later that day, saying it was “time to recalibrate [his] gradient on the big picture.” The departures mean that xAI is now left with only half of its original 12 co-founders on staff.

It all comes after changing plans for the future of the combined companies, which Elon Musk recently announced would involve “space-based AI” data centers and vertical integration involving “AI, rockets, space-based internet, direct-to-mobile device communications and the world’s foremost real-time information and free speech platform.” Musk reportedly also talked of plans to build an AI satellite factory and city on the moon in an internal xAI meeting.

Musk wrote on X Wednesday that “xAI was reorganized a few days ago to improve speed of execution” and claimed that the process “unfortunately required parting ways with some people,” then put out a call for more people to apply to the company. He also posted a recording of xAI’s 45-minute internal all-hands meeting that announced the changes.

“We’re organizing the company to be more effective at this scale,” Musk said during the meeting. He added that the company will now be organized in four main application areas: Grok Main and Voice, Coding, Imagine (image and video), and Macrohard (“which is intended to do full digital emulation of entire companies,” Musk said).