World
How a study on hormonal contraception and breast cancer was distorted
As misinformation about women’s health spreads faster than ever, doctors say new research on the risks of hormonal birth control underscores the challenge of communicating nuance in the social media age.
The study, which was conducted in Sweden and tracked more than 2 million teenage girls and women less than age 50 for more than a decade, found that hormonal contraception remains safe overall, but also found small differences in breast cancer risk based on the hormones used in the formulation.
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In addition, the researchers observed a small, short-term rise in breast cancer diagnoses among current or recent users. Those findings are consistent with prior large studies, including a 2017 Danish registry analysis and a 2023 meta-analysis.
It was published online on October 30 in JAMA Oncology.
Doctors say these study results won’t change how they advise patients and that women should not stop using their birth control.
Still, TikTok is flooded with factually incomplete warnings that contraceptives cause cancer and are as dangerous as smoking. Reproductive health advocates warn that studies like this can easily be taken out of context online and be reduced to a single alarming number.
Case in point: The study reported that women who had used hormonal birth control had about a 24 percent higher rate of breast cancer than women who hadn’t. But because breast cancer is still uncommon in younger women, that works out to an increase from roughly 54 to 67 breast cancer cases per 100,000 women per year – about 13 extra cases per 100,000 women, or about one extra case per 7,800 users of hormonal contraceptives per year.
Co-authors Asa Johansson and Fatemeh Hadizadeh, epidemiologists at Uppsala University, said the rise is modest and short-term, with risk highest during current use and fading within five to 10 years after stopping.
Rachel Fey, interim co-CEO of Power to Decide – a group whose mission is to provide accurate information on sexual health and contraceptive methods – said that kind of nuance is exactly what tends to disappear on social media.
“I get really angry at this because it’s designed to scare people like me away from birth control, which has made my life so much better in so many ways,” she said. “It’s really frustrating … especially when it’s given without context. And then in this era of social media, it can just take off without anybody who knows what they’re talking about providing that context.”
The researchers also found the risk was slightly higher with certain progestins such as desogestrel – found in combined oral contraceptives like Cyred EQ, Reclipsen, Azurette, and Pimtrea – but did not increase with others, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate injections, sold under the brand name Depo‑Provera.
How to interpret the findings
Some experts say the results should be viewed with care because the study counted both invasive breast cancers and early, noninvasive lesions known as in situ tumours, growths that may never become life-threatening. Including these precancerous cases could make the overall risk of clinically significant disease appear higher than it is.
“A substantial proportion of the ‘cases’ would never have progressed to invasive breast cancer,” said Lina S Morch, a senior researcher and team leader at the Danish Cancer Institute. Morch was not associated with the Swedish study. She added that experts should wait for more data separating early-stage and advanced cancers before making new rules or warnings about specific hormones.
The doctor-patient conversation
Even as scientists debate how to interpret the finer points of the data, physicians emphasise that for most patients, the study reinforces what they already discuss in the exam room: That hormonal birth control is broadly safe, and decisions should be tailored to each woman’s needs and values.
Katharine White, chief of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Boston Medical Center, said this study won’t change how she talks to her patients.
“When counselling patients about their contraceptive options, I focus on their past experiences with birth control, their medical history, and what’s important to them about their birth control method and pregnancy planning (if applicable),” White wrote in an email. “Side effects and risks of methods are already a key part of my counselling about both hormonal and non-hormonal methods.”
Other doctors noted there are other contraceptive options.
Eleanor Bimla Schwarz, chief of General Internal Medicine at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, said, “For those who prefer hormone-free contraception, the copper IUD offers safe, convenient, highly effective contraception for over a decade after placement, and is rapidly reversible when pregnancy is desired,” referring to a type of long-acting intrauterine device.
Mary Rosser, director of Integrated Women’s Health at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, said this was a large, high-quality study that looked at many types of hormones over many years. But she added that doctors shouldn’t change their advice yet.
Johansson and Hadizadeh stressed that the results should guide shared decision-making, not cause alarm. “It may be reasonable to consider formulations associated with lower observed risk in our data,” they said. They noted that products containing medroxyprogesterone acetate, drospirenone, or levonorgestrel were linked to lower risk, while long-term use of desogestrel-only contraceptives might be best avoided when other options fit.
Keeping the risk in perspective
Hormonal birth control provides many health benefits beyond pregnancy prevention. It can lighten heavy periods, ease pain from endometriosis, and lower the risk of ovarian and uterine cancers for years after stopping. Morch noted that even small risks are worth discussing, but said decisions should be guided by women’s “values and preferences”.
White said it’s important to see the big picture. “The risk of an unintended pregnancy is 85 percent for people who do not use contraception – so any risks of birth control need to be weighed against the risk of an unexpected pregnancy,” she wrote.
KFF Health News is a national newsroom that partners with PolitiFact and produces in-depth journalism about health issues.
World
Trump orders DHS to stay away from protests in Democratic-led cities unless federal help is sought
World
Russia kills 12 Ukrainian miners in deadly bus attack hours after peace talks postponed
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A Russian drone strike hit a bus carrying miners in Ukraine’s Dnipropetrovsk region on Sunday, killing at least 12 people.
Ukrainian emergency services later reported the death toll had risen to 15 in one of the deadliest single attacks on energy workers since the start of the war.
The attack Sunday came a few hours after President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced a new round of peace talks between Ukraine and Russia had been postponed.
A spokesperson for DTEK, Ukraine’s largest private energy firm, which employed the workers, told Fox News Digital that drones had targeted the bus as it traveled “roughly 40 miles from the front line in central and eastern Ukraine.”
The DTEK spokesperson also described the incident as a “terrorist attack on civilian infrastructure.”
“This strike was a targeted terrorist attack against civilians and another crime by Russia against critical infrastructure,” the spokesperson added.
RUSSIA UNLEASHES MAJOR DRONE, MISSILE ATTACK ON UKRAINE AS US DIPLOMATIC TALKS CONTINUE
Russian drone strike killed at least 12 Ukrainian coal miners and injured seven others when it hit a civilian bus in Dnipropetrovsk region. (State Emergency Service of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk region)
The bus was transporting miners after the end of their shift when it was hit by a Russian drone, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine also confirmed.
At least seven workers were injured, and a fire sparked by the impact was later extinguished by emergency crews.
“The epicenter of one of the attacks was a company bus transporting miners from the enterprise after a shift in the Dnipropetrovsk region,” the company also said in a statement.
Zelenskyy condemned the strike late Sunday, calling it another deliberate attack on civilians.
RUSSIA SAYS UKRAINE PEACE TALKS ‘PROCEEDING CONSTRUCTIVELY,’ AS KREMLIN LAUNCHES DEADLY STRIKE ON ODESA
Russian drone strike killed at least 12 Ukrainian coal miners and injured seven others when it hit a civilian bus in Dnipropetrovsk region. (State Emergency Service of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk region)
Earlier in the day, he announced that the next round of trilateral talks involving Ukraine, Russia and the U.S. would now take place Feb. 4-5 in Abu Dhabi, after originally being expected for Sunday.
“Ukraine is ready for a substantive discussion, and we are interested in ensuring that the outcome brings us closer to a real and dignified end to the war,” Zelenskyy said on X, adding that the delay had been agreed to by all sides.
The delay followed a surprise meeting Saturday in Florida between Steve Witkoff, President Donald Trump’s special envoy, and Kirill Dmitriev, the Kremlin’s special envoy and head of Russia’s sovereign wealth fund.
The talks in Abu Dhabi are now expected to include representatives from Ukraine, Russia and the U.S., according to the Associated Press.
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Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy have both met separately with President Donald Trump. Despite a peace deal agreement being close, territorial disputes remain, Zelenskyy said. (Julia Demaree Nikhinson/AP; Christian Bruna/Getty)
Meanwhile, Zelenskyy warned Russia is stepping up its aerial campaign against civilian and logistical targets.
“Over the past week, Russia has used more than 980 attack drones, nearly 1,100 guided aerial bombs, and two missiles against Ukraine,” he wrote on X on Sunday. “We are recording Russian attempts to destroy logistics and connectivity between cities and communities.”
In a statement, DTEK CEO Maxim Timchenko also explained the bus attack marked the company’s “single largest loss [of] life of DTEK employees since Russia’s full-scale invasion.”
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“We can already say with certainty that this was an unprovoked terrorist attack on a purely civilian target, for which there can be no justification,” Timchenko said.
The attack marked “one of the darkest days in our history,” he added. “DTEK teams are working with emergency services on the ground in Dnipropetrovsk region to ensure the injured, and families who have lost loved ones, get all the care and support they need. Their sacrifice will never be forgotten,” he added.
World
Cuba denies security threat accusations as US raises pressure
The Cuban government has rejected accusations that it poses a threat to the security of the United States, insisting that it stands ready to cooperate with Washington.
The Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement on Monday calling for dialogue and stressing that the Caribbean island does not support “terrorism”. The declaration comes amid a spike in tension after the abduction of Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro last month, which was part of President Donald Trump’s drive for US domination of the Western Hemisphere.
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“The Cuban people and the American people benefit from constructive engagement, lawful cooperation, and peaceful coexistence,” the statement from Havana said.
“Cuba reaffirms its willingness to maintain a respectful and reciprocal dialogue, oriented toward tangible results, with the United States government, based on mutual interest and international law.”
The statement came hours after Trump said diplomatic contact with Cuba had been revived, noting that his administration is talking to the “highest people” in the Cuban government.
“Cuba is a failing nation for a long time. But now it doesn’t have Venezuela to prop it up,” Trump told reporters late on Sunday.
Venezuela was Cuba’s top energy supplier, but since US forces toppled Maduro, the flow of oil to the island has all but come to a halt.
The US has also been intercepting and seizing Venezuelan oil tankers in the Caribbean – a move that critics say amounts to piracy.
Beyond oil supplies, Cuba had close economic and security relations with Maduro’s government. Nearly 50 Cuban soldiers were killed during the abduction of the Venezuelan leader.
The Trump administration has also been pressuring Mexico to stop supplying Cuba with oil. A total energy siege could lead to a serious humanitarian crisis in the country.
‘Malign actors’
Washington has had hostile relations with Havana since the rise of the late President Fidel Castro after the communist revolution that overthrew US-backed authoritarian leader Fulgencio Batista in 1959.
In 2021, during his first term, Trump listed Cuba as a “state sponsor of terrorism”.
Last week, the White House released a memorandum labelling the Cuban government an “unusual and extraordinary threat” to the US.
The document accused Havana of aligning with “malign actors”, including China and Russia. That is despite the US itself seeking improved relations with Moscow and Beijing. A recently released US National Defence Strategy downplayed the pair as a security threat.
“The Cuban regime continues to spread its communist ideas, policies, and practices around the Western Hemisphere, threatening the foreign policy of the United States,” the White House memo said.
On Monday, the Cuban government denied these accusations, stressing that it does not host foreign military or intelligence bases.
“Cuba categorically declares that it does not harbor, support, finance, or permit terrorist or extremist organizations,” the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement.
“Our country maintains a zero-tolerance policy toward the financing of terrorism and money laundering, and is committed to the prevention, detection, and combating of illicit financial activities, in accordance with international standards.”
The statement represents a softening of tones from a government in the Americas that has long represented defiance towards the US.
While the US has openly pushed to control Venezuela’s vast oil industry, Trump has suggested that his top demand from Cuba relates to the treatment of Cuban Americans – a large constituency for his Republican Party in the state of Florida.
“A lot of people that live in our country are treated very badly by Cuba,” Trump told reporters on Sunday.
“They all voted for me, and we want them to be treated well. We’d like to be able to have them go back to a home in their country, which they haven’t seen their family, their country for many, many decades.”
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who is of Cuban descent and a former Florida senator, has been pushing a hardline approach to Latin America.
On Sunday, Pope Leo said he was troubled by the escalating tensions between the US and Cuba.
“I echo the message of the Cuban bishops, inviting all responsible parties to promote a sincere and effective dialogue, in order to avoid violence and every action that could increase the suffering of the dear Cuban people,” the pope said in a social media post.
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