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How a study on hormonal contraception and breast cancer was distorted

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How a study on hormonal contraception and breast cancer was distorted

As misinformation about women’s health spreads faster than ever, doctors say new research on the risks of hormonal birth control underscores the challenge of communicating nuance in the social media age.

The study, which was conducted in Sweden and tracked more than 2 million teenage girls and women less than age 50 for more than a decade, found that hormonal contraception remains safe overall, but also found small differences in breast cancer risk based on the hormones used in the formulation.

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In addition, the researchers observed a small, short-term rise in breast cancer diagnoses among current or recent users. Those findings are consistent with prior large studies, including a 2017 Danish registry analysis and a 2023 meta-analysis.

It was published online on October 30 in JAMA Oncology.

Doctors say these study results won’t change how they advise patients and that women should not stop using their birth control.

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Still, TikTok is flooded with factually incomplete warnings that contraceptives cause cancer and are as dangerous as smoking. Reproductive health advocates warn that studies like this can easily be taken out of context online and be reduced to a single alarming number.

Case in point: The study reported that women who had used hormonal birth control had about a 24 percent higher rate of breast cancer than women who hadn’t. But because breast cancer is still uncommon in younger women, that works out to an increase from roughly 54 to 67 breast cancer cases per 100,000 women per year – about 13 extra cases per 100,000 women, or about one extra case per 7,800 users of hormonal contraceptives per year.

Co-authors Asa Johansson and Fatemeh Hadizadeh, epidemiologists at Uppsala University, said the rise is modest and short-term, with risk highest during current use and fading within five to 10 years after stopping.

Rachel Fey, interim co-CEO of Power to Decide – a group whose mission is to provide accurate information on sexual health and contraceptive methods – said that kind of nuance is exactly what tends to disappear on social media.

“I get really angry at this because it’s designed to scare people like me away from birth control, which has made my life so much better in so many ways,” she said. “It’s really frustrating … especially when it’s given without context. And then in this era of social media, it can just take off without anybody who knows what they’re talking about providing that context.”

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The researchers also found the risk was slightly higher with certain progestins such as desogestrel – found in combined oral contraceptives like Cyred EQ, Reclipsen, Azurette, and Pimtrea – but did not increase with others, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate injections, sold under the brand name Depo‑Provera.

How to interpret the findings

Some experts say the results should be viewed with care because the study counted both invasive breast cancers and early, noninvasive lesions known as in situ tumours, growths that may never become life-threatening. Including these precancerous cases could make the overall risk of clinically significant disease appear higher than it is.

“A substantial proportion of the ‘cases’ would never have progressed to invasive breast cancer,” said Lina S Morch, a senior researcher and team leader at the Danish Cancer Institute. Morch was not associated with the Swedish study. She added that experts should wait for more data separating early-stage and advanced cancers before making new rules or warnings about specific hormones.

The doctor-patient conversation

Even as scientists debate how to interpret the finer points of the data, physicians emphasise that for most patients, the study reinforces what they already discuss in the exam room: That hormonal birth control is broadly safe, and decisions should be tailored to each woman’s needs and values.

Katharine White, chief of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Boston Medical Center, said this study won’t change how she talks to her patients.

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“When counselling patients about their contraceptive options, I focus on their past experiences with birth control, their medical history, and what’s important to them about their birth control method and pregnancy planning (if applicable),” White wrote in an email. “Side effects and risks of methods are already a key part of my counselling about both hormonal and non-hormonal methods.”

Other doctors noted there are other contraceptive options.

Eleanor Bimla Schwarz, chief of General Internal Medicine at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, said, “For those who prefer hormone-free contraception, the copper IUD offers safe, convenient, highly effective contraception for over a decade after placement, and is rapidly reversible when pregnancy is desired,” referring to a type of long-acting intrauterine device.

Mary Rosser, director of Integrated Women’s Health at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, said this was a large, high-quality study that looked at many types of hormones over many years. But she added that doctors shouldn’t change their advice yet.

Johansson and Hadizadeh stressed that the results should guide shared decision-making, not cause alarm. “It may be reasonable to consider formulations associated with lower observed risk in our data,” they said. They noted that products containing medroxyprogesterone acetate, drospirenone, or levonorgestrel were linked to lower risk, while long-term use of desogestrel-only contraceptives might be best avoided when other options fit.

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Keeping the risk in perspective

Hormonal birth control provides many health benefits beyond pregnancy prevention. It can lighten heavy periods, ease pain from endometriosis, and lower the risk of ovarian and uterine cancers for years after stopping. Morch noted that even small risks are worth discussing, but said decisions should be guided by women’s “values and preferences”.

White said it’s important to see the big picture. “The risk of an unintended pregnancy is 85 percent for people who do not use contraception – so any risks of birth control need to be weighed against the risk of an unexpected pregnancy,” she wrote.

KFF Health News is a national newsroom that partners with PolitiFact and produces in-depth journalism about health issues.

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Video: Lebanon-Israel Cease-Fire Goes Into Effect

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Video: Lebanon-Israel Cease-Fire Goes Into Effect

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Lebanon-Israel Cease-Fire Goes Into Effect

A 10-day cease-fire went into effect at midnight Thursday in Lebanon. The truce was brokered by the U.S. government and announced by President Trump.

“It’s very exciting because it’s 48 years. We’re going to be meeting with Bibi Netanyahu, as you know, and the president of Lebanon. And I had a great talk with both of them today. They’re going to be having a cease-fire. And that will include Hezbollah.”

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A 10-day cease-fire went into effect at midnight Thursday in Lebanon. The truce was brokered by the U.S. government and announced by President Trump.

By Jackeline Luna

April 16, 2026

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South African ex-police chief gets tissue stuck on forehead while sweating during corruption inquiry

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South African ex-police chief gets tissue stuck on forehead while sweating during corruption inquiry

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Testimony at a major South African corruption inquiry was briefly overshadowed Tuesday by an unscripted moment — a suspended police chief with a tissue stuck to his brow.

Julius Mkhwanazi, the former deputy chief of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department, was testifying before the Madlanga Commission when the awkward moment unfolded.

Mkhwanazi, who was suspended in November 2025 amid misconduct allegations, had been wiping sweat from his face after answering questions from the commission.

Part of the tissue, however, remained stuck to his head.

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PRO GOLFER HOSPITALIZED AFTER FALLING DOWN ELEVATOR SHAFT IN FREAK ACCIDENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

Julius Mkhwanazi, the former deputy chief of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department, testifies at the Madlanga Commission of Inquiry at Brigette Mabandla Judicial College on April 14, 2026 in Pretoria, South Africa. (SABC News)

The slip didn’t go unnoticed for long. Justice Mbuyiseli Madlanga halted proceedings as the room took in the scene.

Advocate Sesi Baloyi SC and Mbuyiseli Madlanga attend the Madlanga Commission of Inquiry at Brigette Mabandla Judicial College in Pretoria on April 14, 2026. The commission was established by President Cyril Ramaphosa to investigate allegations made by KwaZulu-Natal Police Commissioner Lt. Gen. Nhlanhla Mkhwanazi that South Africa’s criminal justice system was compromised. (Frennie Shivambu/Gallo Images)

“Oh, you have a tissue stuck on your forehead,” Madlanga tells the ex-police chief.

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“I’m sweaty,” Mkhwanazi says. “Thank you, thank you.”

Julius Mkhwanazi testifies at the Madlanga Commission of Inquiry at Brigette Mabandla Judicial College in Pretoria, South Africa, on April 14, 2026. (Frennie Shivambu/Gallo Images)

SOUTH AFRICAN PRESIDENT THANKS PUTIN AFTER 17 MEN ‘LURED’ TO RUSSIAN FRONT LINES BEGIN RETURNING HOME

The Madlanga Commission is a public inquiry probing allegations of corruption and political interference in South Africa’s justice system. The current inquiry has been hearing testimony from current and former law enforcement officials.

Former deputy police chief Julius Mkhwanazi testifies at the Madlanga Commission of Inquiry at Brigette Mabandla Judicial College in Pretoria, South Africa, on April 14, 2026. The commission was established by President Cyril Ramaphosa to investigate allegations made by KwaZulu-Natal Police Commissioner Lt. Gen. Nhlanhla Mkhwanazi about compromises in South Africa’s criminal justice system. (Frennie Shivambu/Gallo Images)

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Mkhwanazi has been under scrutiny since an internal audit recommended his suspension as part of a broader probe into alleged misconduct.

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Displaced Lebanese wary as ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah begins

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Displaced Lebanese wary as ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah begins

Beirut, Lebanon – Abu Haidar’s legs dangled out the passenger side of his car onto the pavement at Beirut’s waterfront. He had folded up his mattress – the one he’s slept on for the last six weeks – and packed it on top of his car.

It was a few hours before the midnight start of a 10-day ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel was set to take effect. Abu Haidar’s car was packed, and he planned to head to his village, Kherbet Selem, about 25 kilometres (15 miles) from the border.

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“At 11pm, I’m going home, not at 12,” he told Al Jazeera. He said he would find a way around the fact that Israel had bombed the last working bridge to the south earlier on Thursday.

Few others, however, planned to follow suit. Displaced people in downtown Beirut told Al Jazeera they didn’t trust the Israelis to uphold the ceasefire and would wait before returning to their homes. And that’s if they had homes to go back to at all.

All but one room of Fadal Alawi’s home in the Hay el-Sellom neighbourhood of Beirut’s southern suburbs was destroyed. Next to him stood Haytham Dandash and his wife, Ruwayda Zaiter, whose home was completely knocked down.

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“We’re going to stay here the whole 10 days,” Dandash said. Only when a longer agreement is put into effect will they go home, he added.

Intensifying before ceasefire

When a previous ceasefire came into effect in the early hours of November 27, 2024, after a year of war, the mood was joyous. Families packed their belongings into their cars, and by the early hours of the morning, most centres hosting the displaced were empty as traffic jammed the roads to Beirut’s suburbs and the south.

This time, however, the mood is less joyous. Displaced people near Beirut’s waterfront said very few people had packed their things and left. Some said they would wait for the morning hours to see if the ceasefire held to go check on their homes in the heavily-attacked Beirut suburbs. But some, like Ali Jaber, a tuk-tuk driver from Mayfadoun near Nabatieh in south Lebanon, said he didn’t trust the Israelis not to strike cars on the highway.

Earlier on Thursday, United States President Donald Trump had announced a ceasefire would be implemented at 5pm Eastern Time (midnight Beirut time) after speaking to Lebanon’s President Joseph Aoun. The announcement came after six weeks of fighting between Israel and Hezbollah, with battles raging in the south after the Israelis invaded in early March.

The city of Bint Jbeil, where then-Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah made a historic speech following the end of Israel’s occupation of southern Lebanon in 2000, has been the site of an intense battle in recent days. On Thursday, the Israeli military heavily bombed villages and towns all over southern Lebanon, following a pattern of intensifying attacks before the proposed ceasefire. The Israeli military has also published videos of its forces detonating entire villages in southern Lebanon in recent days.

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The ceasefire announcement also comes after the first direct diplomatic talks between Israel and Lebanon in decades on Tuesday, an event that has deeply divided Lebanon’s population. Many in the areas most impacted by the war opposed the negotiations and have a dim view of the Lebanese government.

“We’re going home because of the resistance,” Abu Hussein, who was seated next to Abu Haidar, said, referring to the Lebanese group Hezbollah. “Not because of the state.”

No returning home yet

The terms of the agreement are still unclear, which may be contributing to people’s doubts about it.

Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said his military’s troops would not withdraw from southern Lebanon during this period. Hezbollah responded by saying any ceasefire must “include a comprehensive halt to attacks across all Lebanese territory, with no freedom of movement for Israeli forces”. Should Israel continue to occupy Lebanese territory, Hezbollah said it would maintain “the right to resist”.

With this seeming bypass at hand, Hezbollah and its close ally Nabih Berri, Lebanon’s parliamentary speaker and leader of the Amal Movement, released statements asking their supporters not to return to their homes at the immediate start of the ceasefire.

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“We ask everyone to refrain from returning to the towns and villages until matters and developments become clear in accordance with the ceasefire agreement,” Berri said.

In its statement, Hezbollah said Israel “has a history of violating pledges and agreements”.

“With the announcement of the ceasefire, and in the face of a treacherous enemy that has a history of violating pledges and agreements, we call on you to remain patient and not to head towards the targeted areas in the south, the Bekaa [Valley], and the southern suburbs of Beirut until the course of events becomes fully clear,” the group said.

Some people said they would wait for assurances from Berri or Hezbollah before returning home.

In the meantime, Dandash said he and his wife will stay put in their tent, where they sleep on slim mattresses placed on a wooden pallet, which gives him back pain.

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People here are getting more desperate, he said. A woman talking to Alawi pulled out her phone and showed a video of people sprinting after a white jeep that had come to distribute money to people before driving away in panic.

“There was a lot of aid distribution at first, especially during Ramadan,” he said. “But now, there’s no help.”

Not from the state, nor from any political party. “We don’t get anything from them, nor do we want anything from them,” Ruwayda, Dandash’s wife, said. “Any of them.”

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