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Everything you need to know about Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of Iran
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A week after Israel launched a surprise attack on Iran aiming to wipe out its nuclear program, all eyes are now on the country’s reclusive supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
On Thursday, following an Iranian missile strike that hit an Israeli hospital, Israel Defense Minister Israel Katz said in a statement that “Khamenei will be held accountable for his crimes,” adding during a visit to one of the impact sites that “a person like that should not exist,” later calling him “the modern day Hitler,” according to the Times of Israel.
Over decades of rule, Khamenei has built an impenetrable circle around him both inside and outside of Iran. Now, with Israel taking out some of his closest aides and senior security figures, as well as significantly weakening its militant Islamic allies across the region, the supreme leader is beginning to look increasingly isolated.
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Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei is standing with military leaders. (AP)
“He calls himself a revolutionary, not a diplomat,” Dr. Meir Javedanfar, a lecturer in Iran Studies at Reichman University near Tel Aviv who grew up in Tehran, told Fox News Digital, adding that he sees himself as a “revolutionary.”
On Wednesday, that militancy and determination to stay in power came through in statements by Khamenei, who said the “Iranian nation will not surrender” and “war will be met with war, bombing with bombing, and strike with strike,” according to local media reports.
Who is Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei?
Born in 1939 to a religious but modest family in Mashad, eastern Iran, Khamenei was among the Islamist activists who played an instrumental role in the pivotal 1979 revolution to overthrow the U.S.-backed shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
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Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was President of Iran twice and a close ally of the country’s first supreme leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeni. (Getty images)
A close ally of Iran’s first supreme leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who led the revolution and founded the Islamic Republic, Khamenei emerged as a trusted lieutenant, helping to promote the new regime’s concept of religiously-dominated governance.
For much of the 1980s, he served as Iran’s president, a largely ceremonious role. Additionally, when Khomeini died in 1989, Khamenei, who according to some reports was not yet qualified for the position, rose to become the country’s supreme leader.
Since then, Khamenei has worked to consolidate his absolute power, tightening his grip on the country’s political, military and security apparatus, while cracking down on dissent and taking a firm stand against progressive ideas, the West and Israel.
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More on Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of Iran
Lisa Daftari, an expert on Iran and editor-in-chief of The Foreign Desk, told Fox News Digital, “Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s rule has been marked by unrelenting brutality and repression, both within Iran and beyond its borders. Under his direct command, the regime has executed hundreds of prisoners in just the past year, including women, and continues to hold the world record for executions and torture.
“The state police and notorious ‘morality police,’ all under Khamenei’s control, enforce a severe interpretation of Sharia law, violently suppressing dissent and targeting women and minorities. His apparatus has not only silenced opponents at home through mass arrests, torture, and extrajudicial killings, but has also orchestrated assassinations of dissidents abroad and exported terror across the region.”
Daftari concluded, “Khamenei’s regime is responsible for the deaths of countless Iranians and even Americans, with blood on his hands from both domestic crackdowns and international violence. For almost five decades, Iran has been run as a police state, where fear, surveillance, and systematic human rights abuses are tools of governance and methods of regime survival.”
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, right, greets then-Syrian President Bashar Assad in Tehran, Iran, on Feb. 25, 2019. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP, File)
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s political history
Khamenei has also invested heavily in the so-called axis of resistance across the region, including backing the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas, Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthi movement in Yemen and other militant militias. Many of these allies, as well as the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, have collapsed over the last year and a half under Israeli military pressure.
Inside Iran, Khamenei’s conservative-style of leadership has faced challenges over the years, including briefly in 2009 following elections where Khamenei declared victory for the incumbent president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, sparking massive popular demonstrations – with some protestors calling for Khamenei’s downfall.
Mass protests also broke out in the autumn of 2022 after Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old, died while detained by the morality police for allegedly wearing her headscarf improperly. The protests were brutally put down, with many of those arrested put to death by his regime.
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, right, meets Secretary General of the Islamic Jihad Movement Ziyad al-Nakhalah, left, and the former head of the Hamas terror group Ismail Haniyeh, who was assassinated one day after this photo was taken, Tehran, Iran, on July 30, 2024. (Iranian Leader Press Office / Handout/Anadolu via Getty Images)
However, according to the Council For Foreign Relations, Iran’s supreme leader remains “leader for life” under a clerical ruling system that puts him at the head of state and affords him vast control derived from religious authority.
“When he was a young man, he studied the writings of the founders of Muslim Brotherhood, and always believed in militant Islam,” said Javedanfar, adding that he has also “always been anti-Israel to the point of antisemitism.”
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei waves to the crowd while attending a ceremony marking the 30th death anniversary of the late revolutionary founder Ayatollah Khomeini, shown in the poster at rear, at his mausoleum just outside Tehran, Iran, on Tuesday, June 4, 2019. Ayatollah Khamenei said his country will continue resisting U.S. economic and political pressure on his country. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP)
“I think he believes in confronting Israel in every means possible,” he said, noting that there are no signs Khamenei is interested in backing down.
“I’m sure many people had warned him that supporting Hamas after October 7, and Hezbollah and other groups could bring war to Iran’s territory but he obviously, he didn’t listen,” Javedanfar said.
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World
World court prosecutor who went after Netanyahu for war crimes suspended over sexual misconduct
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The International Criminal Court’s chief prosecutor has been suspended with immediate effect after the court’s governing body referred disciplinary proceedings against him to member states following a sexual misconduct investigation.
The ICC, based in The Hague, is a permanent international court created under the Rome Statute to prosecute individuals accused of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression when national courts are unable or unwilling to act.
Khan became one of the world’s most controversial prosecutors after seeking arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, making his suspension a major development well beyond the court itself. Israel and the United States have rejected the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction, and neither country is a member of the court.
The Bureau of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute had decided to refer the disciplinary proceedings against Prosecutor Karim Khan to the full Assembly of States Parties, suspend him from duty pending a final decision and convene a special session to consider the matter, the International Criminal Court’s Presidency said in a Tuesday statement.
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“The Court respectfully invites the Assembly of the State Parties to conclude the process with the highest priority,” the court’s presidency said.
Khan, who has denied wrongdoing, led the court’s controversial push for arrest warrants against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant for Israel’s war against Hamas in Gaza.
The International Criminal Court’s chief prosecutor has been suspended with immediate effect after the court’s governing body referred disciplinary proceedings against him to member states following a sexual misconduct investigation. (Dimitar Dilkoff/AFP via Getty Images)
Khan’s suspension followed an 18-month investigation into allegations of sexual misconduct involving a lawyer in his office.
Khan’s lawyers have denied the allegations and called the decision “unlawful, procedurally unfair and unsupported by evidence.”
The findings have moved through several layers of review.
A U.N. Office of Internal Oversight Services investigation found evidence supporting the allegations, while a separate judicial review found the evidence was not enough to prove misconduct beyond a reasonable doubt, Reuters reported. The Assembly of States Parties Bureau, which oversees the court on behalf of member states, nevertheless found that Khan had committed serious misconduct involving nonconsensual sexual activity and recommended his removal, Reuters reported.
The disciplinary probe found Khan had engaged in “serious misconduct” and a “serious breach of duty,” The Associated Press reported.
The case now goes to a special session of the Assembly of States Parties, the International Criminal Court’s 125 member governing body. The final decision lies with the assembly and a date for the special session has not yet been set.
Liz Evenson, international justice director at Human Rights Watch, told Fox News Digital that, “The fact that states parties appear to be taking this seriously is important but the decision is confidential so we can’t comment on it. We will be monitoring next steps closely. Meanwhile, state parties should continue to support the court in its important work across its docket.”
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Karim Khan was the ICC’s chief prosecutor. (Getty Images)
The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant in November 2024 after Khan requested them months earlier. Israel and the United States condemned the move, accusing the court of equating Israeli leaders with Hamas terrorists.
The Trump administration sanctioned Khan in February 2025 over the court’s actions targeting Israeli officials, under an executive order targeting ICC officials involved in actions against the U.S. or its allies. The order authorized asset freezes and U.S. entry restrictions, and Treasury later added Khan to its sanctions list.
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Mike Waltz told Fox News Digital that the U.S. position on the International Criminal Court “has never wavered.”
“We oppose any overreach by the ICC against the United States or our allies. Period,” Waltz said. “And we expect our partners to stand shoulder-to-shoulder with us against these outrageous actions.”
Waltz said the U.S. is watching the disciplinary proceedings against Khan, while declining to comment on the specifics of the case.
“As for the situation with Prosecutor Karim Khan, this is a bit rich that this prosecutor sought to jail a democratically elected prime minister and now we are tracking his immediate suspension and the ongoing disciplinary proceedings,” Waltz said. “Of course, we aren’t going to comment on the specifics of that case while it plays out.”
The suspension drew immediate reaction from Israeli officials, who argued that the decision further undermines the court’s case against Netanyahu and Gallant.
“Want to divert attention from sex crime accusations? Just make up war crime accusations against Israel! Classic,” Netanyahu wrote Wednesday on X. “The ICC is corrupt to the core.”
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Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant overseeing meeting at Israel’s Ministry of Defense following the IDF’s preemptive strikes against Hezbollah, August 25th. (Israel Government Press Office)
Israel’s ambassador to the United Nations, Danny Danon, told Fox News Digital that Khan’s suspension proves the International Criminal Court’s problems go beyond one prosecutor.
“The International Criminal Court’s decision to immediately suspend the Chief Prosecutor in The Hague, Karim Khan, following the UN investigation, proves that this body is rotten to the core,” Danon said. “Now is the time to cancel the absurd indictments against Prime Minister Netanyahu!”
Anne Bayefsky, president of Human Rights Voices and director of the Touro Institute on Human Rights and the Holocaust, told Fox News Digital that the scandal has damaged the credibility of the entire court.
“The astounding story of the world’s International Criminal Court and its lead prosecutor headed by a criminal, an allegedly rapist, is not just about one rotten apple,” Bayefsky said. “The entire ICC machine let the process to hold Khan to account drag on for two years after his crimes were first reported.”
Bayefsky argued that the court’s actions against Israeli officials should now face renewed scrutiny.
“ICC judges decided that Khan’s efforts to criminalize Israel’s Prime Minister and Defense Minister weren’t tainted by the clear evidence that Khan was trying desperately to use his attack on Israelis to save himself,” Bayefsky said. “Khan has taken the credibility of the whole shameful ICC apparatus down with him.”
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The International Criminal Court building stands in The Hague, Netherlands, on April 30, 2024. (Selman Aksunger/Anadolu via Getty Images)
The Presidency said the court’s leadership remains committed to “independent and impartial proceedings,” recognition and redress for victims of mass atrocities, and the “dignity, rights and aspirations” of court personnel.
The statement also sought to defend the institution itself, calling the ICC “one of the most significant achievements of human civilisation” and saying the court has a duty to protect “the proper functioning of the Court as a whole and its reputation,” the integrity of judicial proceedings, the rights of victims and suspects, and the well-being of court staff.
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Flag with the logo of the of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on March 29, 2022, in Den Haag, Netherlands. (Alex Gottschalk/DeFodi Images via Getty Images)
The court did not say whether Khan’s suspension would affect the cases involving Netanyahu and Gallant.
Fox News Digital has reached out to the International Criminal Court and the U.S. Mission for comment.
World
US military chief Hegseth warns Cuba against acquiring military arms
Hegseth’s visit to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, comes as the Trump administration increases pressure against Cuba’s government.
Published On 10 Jun 2026
Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth has warned that Cuba could invite confrontation with the United States if it seeks to bolster its military capabilities with new purchases.
Wednesday’s comments come as US President Donald Trump continues to threaten possible military intervention on the Caribbean island.
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“It would be unwise of the government of Cuba to try to procure or get access to the types of weapons that could reach this base or the American homeland,” Hegseth said during a visit to the US military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
“They would be inviting the kind of confrontation not only do they not want but they could not stand. No country on Earth can match the capabilities of the United States of America.”
Hegseth did not offer specifics about the type of military weaponry Cuba might seek.
But his remarks follow a May report in the news outlet Axios stating that the country had acquired more than 300 military drones that could potentially be used against US forces.
Cuba sits roughly 140 kilometres, or 90 miles, from the southern tip of Florida, and the island’s communist leadership has long had a tense relationship with the US government.
Since the Axios report was released, Cuba has reiterated that it is not a threat to the US. It has also underscored that it has the right to defend itself, and it accused the US of “fabricating pretexts” and “creating and spreading falsehoods” to justify “potential aggression”.
Still, friction has increased between the two countries since Trump returned to office in 2025.
Following an attack on January 3 to abduct Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, Trump has threatened to take military action elsewhere in Latin America, including in Cuba.
He has also imposed a de facto energy blockade on Cuba, threatening tariffs against any country that supplies the island with oil. The resulting fuel shortages have caused energy blackouts across the country, as well as scarcities of other basic supplies.
Earlier this week, Volker Turk, the United Nations high commissioner for human rights, slammed the US restrictions as having an outsized impact on the most vulnerable members of Cuban society.
“Children are dying because doctors lack access to essential medical supplies and medicines,” he said. “This is unacceptable.”
But there are lingering concerns that the US may seek to escalate tensions with Cuba.
Since last year, the US has been increasing its military presence in the Caribbean Sea. In May, it deployed an aircraft carrier, the USS Nimitz, to the region, as well.
The US has repeatedly described Cuba as an “unusual and extraordinary threat” to its national security, and reports have emerged that Trump is seeking regime change on the island.
Hegseth’s arrival in Guantanamo Bay follows a visit last month from General Francis Donovan, the leader of the US Southern Command, which oversees military action in Latin America.
During Wednesday’s visit, Hegseth said the US is seeking a positive relationship with Cuba and implied change was imminent.
“Soon, we could be a friend of the leadership of the government of Cuba,” he said.
But he did not rule out the possibility of military action.
“For now, let’s see what happens. But the Department of War will give the commander-in-chief every single option he needs within that contingency,” Hegseth said.
“What happens with the future of Cuba is in the hands of … the president of the United States and the leadership of Cuba.”
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