Democrats nonetheless management the Senate, and Republicans aren’t anticipated to cross sweeping power laws. However they may make President Biden’s rollout of green-energy insurance policies tougher, together with through the use of committee chairs to topic federal businesses to scrutiny on power coverage.

Oil-and-gas firms is also getting a hotter reception from Democrats, some within the power {industry} imagine, given that prime gasoline costs reduce throughout social gathering strains and a transition away from fossil fuels continues to be years away.

“Can we begin to transfer to a extra balanced dialog about how we’re using fossil fuels, how we’re using renewables?” asks Jason Churchill, chief government of PetroLegacy Vitality, a small impartial oil-and-gas producer primarily based in Texas. “Make it a dialog and fewer of a combat between the 2 agendas.”

Democrats stated they might proceed to push for power transition measures that decrease the nation’s emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases. Rep.

Kathy Castor

(D., Fla.), who leads the Home Choose Committee on the Local weather Disaster, accused Republicans of ignoring local weather points as they ascend to energy.

“Their inaction and lockstep alliance with polluters are exacting a toll on on a regular basis Individuals, farmers, and communities alike, making it more durable to afford fundamentals like water, electrical energy and power,” she stated in a current assertion.

The Biden administration’s rollout of green-energy packages might gradual as Republicans take over committee chairmanships and step up scrutiny of packages together with loans to solar-component producers and heat-pump rebates.

Republicans are prone to problem federal businesses they suppose have overstepped their rule-making authority, and create committees to search for waste, fraud or abuse in clean-energy packages, stated Joseph Brazauskas, a specialist in congressional oversight processes at regulation agency Bracewell LLP. One large goal is prone to be the Vitality Division’s Mortgage Packages Workplace, which funds clean-energy expertise tasks, he stated.

“It slows down the policy-making,” Mr. Brazauskas stated of congressional oversight. “It’s form of like strolling within the mud.”

That might drain assets from the Environmental Safety Company and different businesses that would use the time as a substitute to hone the main points of recent clean-energy packages, stated Lisa Jacobson, president of the Enterprise Council for Sustainable Vitality, a clean-energy commerce group.

“There’s a priority that it’s going to simply create uncertainty available in the market,” she stated. “It’s a fragile time.”

Some within the power {industry} imagine these fears are overblown, noting that Republicans don’t have the clout to unwind the tax incentives and different clean-energy packages the Biden administration has enshrined in regulation, together with the Inflation Discount Act and the bipartisan Infrastructure Funding and Jobs Act.

What’s extra, among the states that stand to reap essentially the most financial advantages from wind, photo voltaic and electric-vehicle improvement are Republican-leaning, which means politicians on the bottom will need these tasks to maneuver ahead, clean-energy executives say.

“Plenty of these investments are going to be made in crimson [Republican] states, and quite a lot of good-paying jobs are going to be created,” stated Reagan Farr, chief government of Nashville, Tenn.-based photo voltaic developer Silicon Ranch. He stated that certainly one of his firm’s ribbon-cutting ceremonies in Georgia this 12 months introduced out state and native authorities officers of all stripes.

Many oil-and-gas firms again clean-energy applied sciences, resembling hydrogen manufacturing or the seize and storage of carbon dioxide, which are also getting tax incentives from a $370 billion climate-policy invoice that handed with out one Republican vote earlier this 12 months.

“There are quite a lot of firms that can have the ability to profit from the provisions that have been in these legal guidelines,” stated

Martin Durbin,

senior vice chairman for coverage on the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, a broad enterprise foyer. “There can be a priority if [there was an attempt] to haul all of it again.”

Rep.

Bruce Westerman

(R., Ark.), who’s positioned to steer the Home’s Pure Sources Committee, intends to make use of his place to stress the U.S. Inside Division to make it simpler for power producers to tug oil and pure gasoline from federal lands.

Whereas within the minority, Mr. Westerman and his colleagues have tried to research Inside’s main program, which controls the tempo of firms’ oil and gasoline tract leasing on federal land and offshore territory. Their requests have both been blocked by Democrats or ignored by Biden officers.

“We have to be power impartial,” Mr. Westerman stated on a current name with reporters. “We imagine America is blessed with assets, and we have to make the most of these assets, each oil and gasoline and coal.”

Mr. Biden has leased fewer acres for oil-and-gas drilling offshore and on federal land within the first 19 months of his administration than any of his predecessors throughout a comparable time-frame courting again to the top of World Warfare II, in response to a current Wall Road Journal evaluation.

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Some oil-and-gas {industry} supporters say the stress from Republicans within the Home might assist safe a daily schedule of gross sales of oil-and-gas drilling leases on federal land and the seabed.

With out such a schedule, many oil producers received’t need to undergo the time and expense to place collectively a bid package deal, stated Daniel Naatz, chief working officer for the Unbiased Petroleum Affiliation of America, a commerce group for smaller oil builders.

“The method has now gone catawampus,” stated Mr. Naatz. “If there’s no assure or certainty—not that you simply’re going to search out oil and pure gasoline, however that the regulators are going to work with you—that throws an enormous quantity of uncertainty for our members to function below.”

On the legislative entrance, Republican management of the Home might propel bipartisan negotiations on altering the legal guidelines that govern the U.S. allowing course of for main power infrastructure tasks, an initiative being led by Sen.

Joe Manchin

(D., W.Va.) and embraced by fossil-fuel and clean-energy firms alike.

Republicans say that might pace up new oil-and-gas manufacturing and ultimately carry down power costs for shoppers. Mr. Westerman stated he can see his Republican colleagues supporting the trouble.

Some Democrats could also be prepared to clear hurdles to constructing electrical energy strains that join cities to photo voltaic or wind developments, even when it means compromising by additionally permitting natural-gas pipeline improvement that’s opposed by environmentalists and a few progressive Democrats.

“I can see the place either side can envision a deal that every can stay with to get what they need,” stated Stephen Brown, a former oil-refining lobbyist who now runs the consulting agency RBJ Methods LLC.

Many fossil-fuel firms say they need permitting-reform laws to transcend Mr. Manchin’s proposal in curbing environmental and different rules that they are saying bathroom down progress.

The American Petroleum Institute, an oil-industry commerce group, has a listing of coverage suggestions that embrace steps resembling placing a two-year restrict on environmental evaluations they are saying have taken greater than 4 years on common, and lowering the quantity of paperwork required.

Past allowing, payments put forth by Republicans through the subsequent two years might serve extra as messaging payments geared toward energizing voters throughout a presidential marketing campaign season than laws that has an opportunity of passing into regulation.

Write to Phred Dvorak at phred.dvorak@wsj.com and Katy Stech Ferek at katy.stech@wsj.com