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Opinion: Africa’s accomplishments are part of the flow of history

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Opinion: Africa’s accomplishments are part of the flow of history


The ebbs and flows between African and other cultures are intertwined. These are conduits for the world defying their geographic designations. Culture does not end where nations, continents, peninsulas, seas and mountains end. Humanity in its quest to survive slipped past these topographic edges, chasms and heights. The norms of culture transform and connect through migration and mutation adding to our collective knowledge.

I confess to going on obsessive research quests based on dogged skepticism. I repeatedly Google the first established university in the world because I want to see how Google delivers it. Google has repeatedly designated the University of Bologna in Italy as the first and continuously operating university founded in 1088.

However, when I added keywords like “African” or “Arab,” I got different answers. Apparently, the oldest and longest continuously operating university in the world predates the University of Bologna by about 230 years. The University of al-Qarawiyyin, in Fez, Morocco, was founded in 859 A.D. by an African Muslim woman!

Within her lifetime, Fatima al-Fihri expanded the center for higher learning and research to the sciences, math and philosophy from its base of Quranic study. She also designed the graduation caps and gowns that we use today. The mortar board symbolizes the Quran or a book and the tassel is the bookmarker. Even the way we move the tassel from right to left upon graduation mimics the semitic Arabic language, also read from right to left. The thobes or gowns, draping and striped, are the dress scholars wore hundreds of years ago.

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Last month, when I looked it up again, the answer changed — somewhat. The University of Bologna popped up again, but an artificial intelligence box also appeared in contradiction to the default answer confirming the University of al-Qarawiyyin as the oldest and continuously operating university.

Like an essential oil, culture and language permeate most human experiences. Humanity is not containable and everything in its paths aggregates and flows into lacy archipelagos; a network of water, land and channels much like fishing nets used from Gaza and Alexandria to Tunis and Rabat and like river people who catch the tiny Dagaa, a silvery and speckled fish, in Mali, often used as a dried staple.

Much of our human lineage is received from Africa. In fact, the African continent created the next two universities after al-Qarawiyyin: Al Azhar in Cairo in 970 A.D. and the University of Timbuktu in Africa’s modern country of Mali around 1000-1100 A.D., where it became the largest draw for scholars for several centuries. These three universities predated European ones. Are facts deliberately suppressed to concretize a Western-centered world?

Critical race theory or ethnic studies are politicized buzzwords that have been stripped of their meanings. They are imperfect terms but fit my curious research. They are meant to motivate us to learn, find histories buried and divorced from their origins. It should not be hard to find out what the oldest universities are. If I add African or Arab to my search and get a different answer, something is wrong. Why should anyone have to use math to find out what came first? Do we privilege fear and suppression over learning?

Try these search experiments with other topics and search engines. Compare your findings. Other topics I habitually look up are optics, surgery, philosophy and navigation. The European male inventor has usually popped up in a Google search over the true originators who often came from North Africa or Southwest Asia, Iran, India, China or Southern Spain. Sometimes they were women. A few months ago the fathers of optics were European. Last week they were part of the Arab/Islamic network predating the European “founders” by hundreds of years. Artificial intelligence is doing the DEI work that the Trump administration is trying to extinguish.

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The best rulers of the world, many from Africa, ruled ethnically and religiously diverse lands. Their recipe for innovation was diversity and inclusion. They pulled from Byzantium, Africa, Indo-China and all tribal cultures to create what adds up to our modern world.

African American History month should encourage us to celebrate the vast threads of lineage. Let’s be expansive about human accomplishments. Be skeptical and search for what ties the flow of humankind and its expansive accomplishments.

Bittar is an artist and community activist who lives in North Park.



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Southern California’s Jewish community reacts to war in the Middle East

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Southern California’s Jewish community reacts to war in the Middle East


The Jewish community in Southern California is sharing their fears and hopes following the weekend’s strikes on Iran and retaliatory attacks on Israel, U.S. military bases and other targets in the Middle East.

The exchange of missiles in the Middle East is having a devasting effect on Iran’s defense capability, but retaliatory strikes in the region are taking a toll. 

“Weapons of enormous capacity that are targeting civilian areas,” said Elan Carr, CEO of Los Angeles-based Israeli American Council.

Carr says toppling the Iranian regime, taking out its nuclear capabilities and freeing the Iranian people from this oppressive rule should have been done decades ago.

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“This is about seeing the most evil regime, the world chief state sponsored terrorism to no longer have the ability to do what it’s been doing,” Carr said.

Sara Brown, regional director of the American Jewish Committee, said the U.S. and Israel are concentrating strikes on Iran’s missile sites and military industrial complex. Iran’s retaliatory strikes are focused on many civilian targets.

“We are hearing from our partners from around the region, who are terrified,” Brown said. “Across the Middle East right now, I think there is a tremendous amount of fear, but also hope and also resolve.”

AJC is the advocacy arm for Jewish people globally. Many members and partner groups are in harm’s way. Brown says the risk is great, but the potential reward is world changing.

“That Iranian people will get to choose leadership for themselves, that we will finally see a pathway forward for peace across the Middle East,” Brown said.

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If wars of the past hadn’t produced lasting peace, then why now? Carr says Iran’s nuclear capabilities are destroyed and Iran’s military and proxies are weakened after Israel’s response to the Oct. 7 Hamas ambush.

“No more terrorist network throughout the Middle East. Think of what that could mean. Think of the normalization we could see,” Carr said.

President Donald Trump expects fighting to last several weeks. Some critics are concerned about a drawn-out conflict that could spread.

Carr is not convinced.

“Who is going to enter a war against the U.S. and Israel? Russia is plenty busy. China has no interest in jeopardizing itself this way,” Carr said.

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Besides the six Americans killed as of Monday night, government officials say 11 people were killed in retaliatory strikes in Israel.



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San Diego Zoo Safari Park’s Elephant Valley: Get closer to elephants

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San Diego Zoo Safari Park’s Elephant Valley: Get closer to elephants


San Diego — Before we see elephants at Elephant Valley in the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, we come face to face with destruction, only the wreckage is beautiful. A long, winding path takes guests around and under felled trees. Aged gray tree hunks form arches, for instance, over bridges that tower over clay-colored paths with hoof prints.

The design is meant to reorient us, to take us on a trail walked not by humans but traversed and carved by elephants, a creature still misunderstood, vilified and hunted for its cataclysmic-like ability to reshape land, and sometimes communities.

“It starts,” says Kristi Burtis, vice president of wildlife care for the Safari Park, “by telling the story that elephants are ecosystem engineers.”

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Elephant Valley will open March 5 as the newest experience at the Escondido park, its aim to bring guests closer than ever to the zoo’s eight elephants, which range in age from 7 to 36, while more heavily focusing on conservation. The centerpiece of the 13-acre-plus parkland is a curved bridge overlooking a savanna, allowing elephants to walk under guests. But there are also nooks such as a cave that, while not previewed at a recent media event, will allow visitors to view elephants on their level.

In a shift from, say, the Safari Park’s popular tram tour, there are no fences and visible enclosures. Captive elephants remain a sometimes controversial topic, and the zoo’s herd is a mix of rescues and births, but the goal was to create a space where humans are at once removed and don’t impede on the relative free-roaming ability of the animals by keeping guests largely elevated. As an example of just how close people can get to the herd, there was a moment of levity at the event when one of the elephants began flinging what was believed to be a mixture of dirt and feces up onto the bridge.

“Our guests are going to be able to see the hairs on an elephant,” Burtis says. “They can see their eyes. They can see the eyelashes. They can see how muscular their trunks are. It’s really going to be a different experience.”

Elephant Valley, complete with a multistory lodge with open-air restaurants and bars, boasts a natural design that isn’t influenced by the elephant’s African home so much as it is in conversation with it. The goal isn’t to displace us, but to import communal artistry — Kenyan wood and beadwork can be found in the pathways, resting spaces and more — as a show of admiration rather than imitation.

“We’re not going to pretend that we’re taking people to Africa,” says Fri Forjindam, now a creative executive with Universal’s theme parks but previously a lead designer on Elephant Valley via her role as a chief development officer at Mycotoo, a Pasadena-based experiential design firm.

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“That is a slippery slope of theming that can go wrong really fast,” she adds. “How do we recognize where we are right now, which is near San Diego? How do we populate this plane with plants that are indigenous to the region? The story of coexistence is important. We’re not extracting from Africa, we’re learning. We’re not extracting from elephants, we’re sharing information.”

But designing a space that is elephant-first yet also built for humans presented multiple challenges, especially when the collaborating teams were aiming to construct multiple narratives around the animals. Since meetings about Elephant Valley began around 2019, the staff worked to touch on themes related to migration and conservation. And there was also a desire to personalize the elephants.

“Where can we also highlight each of the elephants by name, so they aren’t just this huge herd of random gray creatures?” Forjindam says. “You see that in the lodge.”

That lodge, the Mkutano House — a phrase that means “gathering” in Swahili — should provide opportunities for guests to linger, although zoo representatives say reservations are recommended for those who wish to dine in the space (there will also be a walk-up, to-go window). Menus have yet to be released, but the ground floor of the structure, boasting hut-like roofing designed to blend into the environment, features close views of the elephant grazing pool as well as an indoor space with a centerpiece tree beneath constellation-like lighting to mimic sunrises and sunsets.

Throughout there are animal wood carvings and beadwork, the latter often hung from sculptures made of tree branches. The ceiling, outfitted with colorful, cloth tapestries designed to move with the wind, aims to create less friction between indoor and outdoor environments.

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There are, of course, research and educational goals of the space as well. The Safari Park works, for instance, with the Northern Rangelands Trust and Loisaba Conservancy in Kenya, with an emphasis on studying human-elephant conflict and finding no-kill resolutions. Nonprofits and conservation groups estimate that there are today around 415,000 elephants in Africa, and the African savanna elephant is listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Studies of the zoo’s young elephants is shared with the Reteti Elephant Sanctuary in the hopes of delivering care to elephant youth to prevent orphanage. Additionally, the Safari Park has done extensive examination into the endotheliotropic herpes virus. “The data that we collect from elephants here, you can’t simply get from elephants in the wild,” Burtis says.

One of the two entrances to Elephant Valley is outfitted with bee boxes; bees are known to be a natural elephant deterrent and can help in preventing the animals from disrupting crops or communities. To encourage more natural behavior, the plane is outfitted with timed feeders in an attempt to encourage movement throughout the acreage and establish a level of real-life unpredictability in hunting for resources. Water areas have been redesigned with ramps and steps to make it easier for the elephants to navigate.

With Elephant Valley, Forjindam says the goal was to allow visitors to “observe safely in luxury — whatever that is — but not from a position of power, more as a cohabitor of the Earth, with as much natural elements as possible. It’s not to impose dominance. Ultimately, it needed to feel natural. It couldn’t feel like a man-made structure, which is an antiquated approach to any sort of safari experience where animals are the product, a prize. In this experience, this is the elephant’s home.”

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And the resulting feel of Elephant Valley is that we, the paying customers, are simply their house guests.



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Man fatally struck by hit-and-run vehicle in San Diego

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Man fatally struck by hit-and-run vehicle in San Diego


A man in the Mission Bay Park community of San Diego was fatally struck Sunday morning by a hit-and run vehicle, authorities said.

The victim was also struck by a second vehicle and that motorist stayed at the scene to cooperate with officers, the San Diego Police Department reported.

The initial crash occurred at about 2:20 a.m. Sunday in the area of West Mission Bay and Sea World drives.

The pedestrian was in the southbound lanes of the 2000 block of West Mission Bay Drive when he was struck by a silver vehicle also in the southbound lanes. That vehicle fled the scene, continuing southbound, police said.

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A 28-year-old man driving his vehicle southbound ran over the downed pedestrian.

“That driver remained at the scene and is not DUI,” according to a police statement. “The pedestrian was pronounced deceased at the scene.”

Anyone with information regarding the initial crash was urged to call Crime Stoppers at 888-580-8477.



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