Nevada
Endangered Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frogs Are Making a Comeback
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Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs are rebounding from near-extinction in California.
University of California Santa Barbara
After nearly disappearing for good, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs are once again hopping happily around California’s alpine lakes.
Scientists are celebrating the comeback of the amphibians (Rana sierrae) in Yosemite National Park. Though they’re still endangered, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs have made a “remarkably successful” recovery from the deadly amphibian chytrid fungus, researchers report this month in the journal Nature Communications.
“The lakes are alive again, completely transformed,” says study co-author Roland Knapp, a biologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, to USA Today’s Elizabeth Weise. “You literally can look down the shoreline and see 50 frogs on one side and 50 on the other and in the water you see 100 to 1,000 tadpoles. It’s a completely different lake.”
Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs are small creatures measuring 1.5 to 3.75 inches long, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They live high in California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range, at elevations between 4,500 and 12,000 feet above sea level. The frogs inhabit marshes, ponds, lakes and streams, where they feast on bugs and other amphibians. They also serve as a source of food for birds, snakes, coyotes and bears.
Dozens of frogs are now visible along the shores of some alpine lakes in the Eastern Sierra.
Roland Knapp
Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs tend to have yellowish-orange bellies and dark, splotchy backs, but their coloring can vary widely—from greenish-brown to gray to red. They don’t have vocal sacks, so instead the frogs grind their teeth together underwater when trying to attract mates in the spring.
The frogs were once abundant throughout the Sierra Nevada. But, after the arrival of European settlers in the mid-19th century during the California gold rush, their numbers began to dwindle.
In addition to gold, miners also discovered more than 1,500 alpine lakes in California. The lakes were beautiful, but they were lacking in fish—so the miners began stocking them. The introduction of non-native species—including rainbow trout, grayling and Atlantic salmon—decimated the Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs.
Stocking ended in the 1990s, but even without help from humans, the non-native fish continued to reproduce and thrive. Then, in the early 2000s, the few surviving frogs in the Sierra Nevada faced yet another threat: the amphibian chytrid fungus.
The highly contagious fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) causes chytridiomycosis, an infectious skin disease that has caused mass die-offs and extinctions among amphibians around the world. In 2014, with their populations crashing, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs were added to the endangered species list.
But then scientists noticed something peculiar: In some places, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog numbers were increasing. It appeared that at least some of the small creatures—particularly those living in lakes without any non-native fish—had developed a resistance to the fungus.
Scientists carefully transported frogs that appeared to be resistant to the fungus to other lakes.
Roland Knapp
“The frogs that survive better have certain variations in their genomes,” says Erica Bree Rosenblum, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, to ScienceNews’ Martin J. Kernan. “Since they’re the ones surviving, they’re passing their genes down, and over time the whole population is changing toward having these more favorable genetic mutations.”
Researchers decided to implement an ambitious plan to save the species. Starting in 2006, they began gathering up the fungus-resistant survivors and re-introducing them to other alpine lakes without fish.
Now, nearly two decades later, scientists say their plan worked. These Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog populations are now mostly self-sustaining and have “a low probability of extinction over 50 years,” they write in the paper. They hope the successful reintroduction of Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs might serve as a source of inspiration for scientists working to save other species battling new diseases.
“These frogs have somehow figured out how to exist, even thrive in the face of this pathogen,” Knapp tells the San Francisco Chronicle’s Kurtis Alexander. “When I saw these frog populations recovering on their own, that was the first time in 15 years working on this species that I felt a glimmer of hope.”
From otherworldly red rocks to fossil beds and alpine lakes, Nevada’s state parks offer adventures far beyond the Las Vegas Strip.
Video: Visitors at Sand Harbor Beach April 29, 2020
People enjoy the warm weather at Sand Harbor Beach amid the coronavirus on April 29, 2020.
Andy Barron, RGJ
CLARK COUNTY, NV – Standing at the edge of a sea of rocks, I was transported to another world less than an hour outside Las Vegas.
Instead of water, waves of rusty red sandstone and creamy limestone crested in every direction of the Fire Canyon/Silica Dome Overlook at Nevada’s Valley of Fire State Park,
I wasn’t the only one who found it otherworldly. Park signage indicated this place portrayed the fictional planet Veridian III in the 1994 film “Star Trek: Generations.”
But Valley of Fire is very real, and it’s just one of the more than two dozen state parks offering travelers a different side of Nevada.
How many state parks are there in NV?
There are 27 state parks in Nevada.
“What’s really nice is a lot of them are pretty clumped together, so you can hit multiple of them in a few days,” said Tyler Kerver, Education and Information officer for Nevada Division of State Parks.
He said even he didn’t realize how many parks there were until he started working there.
How to choose
Kerver suggests exploring parks.nv.gov and narrowing options based on what you hope to experience.
“If I was going to hike or mountain bike, I’d probably look at the Lake Tahoe-area parks, like Spooner Lake (and Backcounty) and Van Sickle,“ he said. “Maybe you just want to relax by a lake with the family. We have a few campgrounds with reservoirs.”
On a recent RV trip, my family camped at Valley of Fire near Overton and also visited Cathedral Gorge State Park near Panaca and Kershaw-Ryan State Park in Caliente. The latter two are only about 20 minutes away from each other and roughly 2.5 hours away from Las Vegas.
“If you’re looking just to get out and explore, Cathedral Gorge is definitely a great area to set up kind of a base camp, and then you can get to not only Cathedral Gorge, but all the other parks around Cathedral Gorge, all within like a day or two,” Kerver said.
My kids enjoyed exploring Cathedral Gorge’s twisty slot canyons and taking it easy at Kershaw-Ryan, which felt like a little oasis in the desert with leisurely trails, manicured gardens, a spring-fed wading pool for young kids, and a tree-canopied picnic area, where we ate lunch.
Young explorers may enjoy Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park near Austin, about 2.5 hours from Reno. The Smithsonian Institution describes ichthyosaurs as “extinct dolphin-shaped marine reptiles that flourished in the oceans” more than 65 millions years ago. Kerver said the park boasts the largest ichthyosaur fossil bed in the U.S.
“We do tours of the fossil house every summer, and you can walk right up to the actual fossils still laying in the ground,” he said. “Ice Age Fossils State Park is one of our newest ones in North Las Vegas, and that one is kind of similar … We have mammoth, bison, dire wolves, all kinds of cool fossils.”
One of Kerver’s personal favorites is Cave Lake State Park, near Ely. “It’s pretty cool, like Alpine summer camp,” he said.
What is the prettiest place in Nevada?
Pretty is subjective, but many people consider Lake Tahoe to be one of the state’s most beautiful areas.
Sand Harbor State Park, in Lake Tahoe, is the most visited park in the system with 1.2 million visitors a year, according to Kerver.
“Sand Harbor State Park is one of the only beaches in Lake Tahoe where you get lifeguards, an on-site restaurant, ample parking,” he said. “You can reserve your spot ahead of time, and you can’t really find that anywhere else in the Lake Tahoe Basin.”
Desert scenery is just as pretty, in a different way.
I couldn’t imagine a more spectacular campsite setting than the one we had at Valley of Fire, Nevada’s second-most visited state park. It also offers sparkling facilities.
“We get the reputation for having some of the cleanest bathrooms,” Kerver said. “We take that pretty seriously.”
How much does it cost to go to a Nevada state park?
Entry fees vary by park but are typically between $10 to $15.
Kerver said the parks pride themselves on accessibility.
“It’s not only ADA-accessible,” he said. “We’re maintaining a lower fee level than a lot of other places, so it’s still cheaper to get in … We really want to make sure that they are some of the least expensive places to visit and that they remain accessible to everyone.”
To save even more, travelers planning to visit numerous Nevada state parks or who live within driving distance may want to consider a $100 annual permit, which can be assigned to up to two vehicles.
USA TODAY reporter Eve Chen was provided access by RVshare. USA TODAY maintains editorial control of content.
Genoa was a Mormon trading post in 1851, a decade before Nevada was a state, and it has never been in a hurry since. Up and down the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and out across the Great Basin, the towns that grew up around silver strikes, railroad water stops, and dam construction camps mostly emptied out when the work ran dry, and what stayed behind is a string of places where the clock loosened its grip. Opera houses still host the occasional show. Saloons still pour for whoever walks in. The eleven towns below trade Nevada’s neon for porch time, dark skies, and roads with almost nothing on them.
Genoa
The Genoa Bar and Saloon has been pouring drinks since 1853, which makes it the oldest bar in the state, and most of its counter and fixtures date to the 1860s. That is the pace of the place in one building. Genoa itself is Nevada’s oldest permanent settlement, and Mormon Station State Historic Park preserves a reconstructed log trading post on the site of the original 1851 station, with a small museum and grounds that fill up for community events through the summer. Genoa Town Park carries the warm-month concert schedule. When the afternoon calls for it, David Walley’s Resort sits a short walk off, with mineral hot springs that have drawn soakers to this corner of the Carson Valley for well over a century.
Ely
At the Nevada Northern Railway Museum, the locomotives are not models behind glass; the collection is one of the most complete original short-line operations left in the country, and the steam excursions run on the same track the copper trains used. That is Ely’s main event, and it sets the tempo. The Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park, just outside town, preserves six beehive-shaped stone kilns that fed the smelters during the mining boom, close enough to reach for an afternoon. The White Pine Public Museum fills in the rest, with mining, ranching, and Native history. Back on Aultman Street, the Hotel Nevada and Gambling Hall has anchored downtown since it opened in 1929, when it was briefly the tallest building in the state, and it still pours a cold one for anyone coming in off Highway 50.
Tonopah
On a clear, moonless night at the Clair Blackburn Memorial Stargazing Park, you can pick out more than 7,000 stars with your eyes alone. Most cities show you 25 or 50. The park, off Highway 95 with concrete pads laid out for telescopes, is reason enough to time a visit around the new moon. By day, the Tonopah Historic Mining Park spreads across 100 acres of the original silver works, with tunnels and headframes from the boom that built the town. The Mizpah Hotel, restored and operating since its 1907 opening, holds the Pittman Café for breakfast and the Jack Dempsey Room for a sit-down dinner, named for the heavyweight champion who once worked the hotel as a bouncer.
Virginia City
The Comstock Lode silver strike of 1859 turned Virginia City into one of the richest mining centers in the West almost overnight, and the wooden boardwalks and stacked 19th-century storefronts climbing the hillside are what the money left behind. The Virginia and Truckee Railroad runs short excursions along the old mining route, and the Chollar Mine tour takes you underground into the works themselves. The Bucket of Blood Saloon has been serving since 1876, built on the footprint of an earlier saloon right after the Great Fire of 1875 cleared the block. It is an easy place to lose a slow afternoon over a beer.
Boulder City
Gambling is illegal here by city ordinance, one of only two Nevada towns where that is true, a rule that traces straight back to why the town exists. The federal government built Boulder City in the early 1930s to house the workers raising Hoover Dam, laying out organized streets and civic buildings, and the planned layout still shapes a walkable downtown. The dam itself draws most visitors, best taken in without rushing. The Boulder City-Hoover Dam Museum, inside the historic Boulder Dam Hotel, tells the Depression-era construction story, and the Coffee Cup Café is the institution where locals linger over breakfast. At Hemenway Park, desert bighorn sheep come down to graze against the backdrop of Lake Mead country.
Caliente
The Caliente Railroad Depot, a restored Mission Revival building from the Union Pacific era, now does double duty as the town’s visitor center and the anchor of its main street. The name comes from the hot springs that first drew settlers, and cottonwoods shade a town that sits well off the southern Nevada rush. Two miles south, Kershaw-Ryan State Park tucks shaded picnic areas, spring-fed wading pools, and trails beneath steep canyon walls. The Barnes Canyon trail network gives mountain bikers and hikers desert terrain to work through at their own speed, and Meadow Valley Wash supports cottonwood stands and wildlife unusual for country this dry.
Eureka
Sixteen smelters once belched enough smoke over Eureka to earn it the nickname “Pittsburgh of the West,” back when 9,000 people and a hundred-odd saloons crowded the canyon. About 600 people live here now, and the boom-era buildings have the streets mostly to themselves. The Eureka Opera House, built in 1880 on a block cleared by the previous year’s fire, still stages performances under its restored interior. The Eureka Sentinel Museum occupies the original 1879 newspaper building, presses and type cases left where they sat. The Jackson House Hotel has put up guests since the 19th century, and the Owl Club Bar and Steakhouse feeds travelers and locals along Highway 50, the stretch a magazine once branded the Loneliest Road in America.
Gardnerville
Basque sheepherders settled the Carson Valley, and their cooking is still the reason to plan dinner in Gardnerville, served family-style at long tables in the valley’s old boarding-house tradition. The town grew as a ranching center under the Sierra Nevada, and the Carson Valley Museum and Cultural Center, housed in a former high school, lays out that agricultural and pioneer history. Lampe Park gives the community its gathering ground, with a quiet stream and walking paths and a calendar of seasonal events. Jobs Peak rises over the whole valley, a granite wall that turns gold at the end of the day.
Wells
The Angel Lake Scenic Byway climbs out of the desert flats into the East Humboldt Range, ending at a glacial lake cupped high against the peaks, good for a morning of fishing or a slow walk along the alpine shore. Wells grew up as a railroad town, and the Front Street Historic District still shows the bones of that era, when this was a working junction on the transcontinental line. The Trail of the 49ers Interpretive Center on 6th Street covers the emigrant routes that funneled through here on the way west, the California Trail travelers who passed through long before the rails did.
Winnemucca
The Humboldt River made Winnemucca a crossing long before the railroad came through, and the Humboldt Museum tells that regional story through Native, ranching, and transportation exhibits. The town’s other inheritance is Basque: sheepherders settled here in numbers, and the dining room at the Martin Hotel still serves the lamb and the family-style spread that the town celebrates each summer at its Basque Festival. The Winnemucca Sand Dunes draw the off-road and open-desert crowd just outside town. For something quieter, Water Canyon climbs along a running stream into terrain more rugged than the valley floor lets on.
Lovelock
The Pershing County Courthouse is round, one of the few circular courthouses still in use anywhere in the country, and it sits at the center of town with its early-20th-century architecture intact. Behind it, Lovers Lock Plaza invites visitors to clip a padlock to a chain as a token of commitment, a small local tradition that has become the town’s signature stop. The deeper history is just outside town at Lovelock Cave, where excavations turned up evidence of human use going back thousands of years. Rye Patch State Recreation Area, along the reservoir on the Humboldt River, handles the boating, fishing, and lakeside afternoons.
Wide Open Spaces And Unhurried Places
What these towns share is not scenery so much as arithmetic: the work that built them mostly left, and the people who stayed kept the opera houses, the saloons, and the depots running at a fraction of the old traffic. That is why a steam train in Ely or a 7,000-star sky over Tonopah feels unhurried in a way a manufactured attraction never quite manages. The pace was not designed. It is what is left when the boom moves on and the place decides to stay anyway.
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var m_hierarchy = [];
var m_cat = [];
var m_hl_cat=””;
if (window.dataLayer[0].metrics) {
main_cat = window.dataLayer[0].metrics.section; //National Finals Rodeo
m_hierarchy = window.dataLayer[0].metrics.hierarchy.split(‘ | ‘); //”Sports | Rodeo | National Finals Rodeo”
m_cat = window.dataLayer[0].metrics.categories; //[“National Finals Rodeo”,”Rodeo”,”Sports”]
m_hl_cat = window.dataLayer[0].metrics[‘hl-category’]; //Sports
}
var i, k, found, newsletter;
newsletter = false;
found = false;
if (default_category_to_show.includes(m_hl_cat)) {
newsletter = newsletter_1st_lv[‘default’];
}
if (newsletter_1st_lv.hasOwnProperty(m_hl_cat)) {
newsletter = newsletter_1st_lv[m_hl_cat];
}
// check main category
if (newsletter_2nd_lv.hasOwnProperty(main_cat)) {
found = true;
newsletter = newsletter_2nd_lv[main_cat];
}
if (!found) {
// check in hierarchy (main category hierarchy)
i = m_hierarchy.length;
while (!found && i >= 0) {
i–;
if (i > 0) {
if (newsletter_2nd_lv.hasOwnProperty(m_hierarchy[i])) {
found = true;
newsletter = newsletter_2nd_lv[m_hierarchy[i]];
}
} else {
// i=0, check first level
if (newsletter_1st_lv.hasOwnProperty(m_hierarchy[i])) {
found = true;
newsletter = newsletter_1st_lv[m_hierarchy[i]];
}
}
}
}
if (!found) {
// check in category
i = m_cat.length;
while (!found && i > 0 && cat_has_subcat.includes(m_hl_cat)) {
i–;
if (newsletter_2nd_lv.hasOwnProperty(m_cat[i])) {
found = true;
newsletter = newsletter_2nd_lv[m_cat[i]];
}
}
}
if (newsletter !== false && !$(‘.rj-story-full’).hasClass(‘tag-hide-newsletter’) && !$(‘.rj-story-full’).hasClass(‘ rj-story-sponsored-full’)) {
var alert_id = ”;
if (newsletter.alert_id) {
alert_id = newsletter.alert_id;
}
html=””;
html += ”;
html += ”;
html += ”;
$(‘.nlsm-small’).html(html);
}
//});
})(jQuery);
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