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California and New York lose $640M of tax revenue to migration, as conservative Florida and Texas see coffers boosted by $23.1BN

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California and New York lose 0M of tax revenue to migration, as conservative Florida and Texas see coffers boosted by .1BN


California and New York have lost a combined $640m in tax revenue due to people moving out-of-state, as conservative Florida and Texas see boosts of $23 billion after an influx of movers. 

The two states currently top the table with the largest net negative tax income migration, with The Golden State taking the top spot. 

In total, California has seen $343 million leave the state, while New York is just under $300 million.

High earners have now moved away from states like California including the likes of Twitter and Tesla boss Elon Musk, who lives in Austin, Texas. 

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And Miami is also a celebrity hotspot, with football player Tom Brady and his ex-wife Gisele among famous residents.

The likes of those men and countless others has seen Florida and Texas record a positive inflow of income, with the Sunshine State now having a income migration of $12.4 billion.

The move away from blue states to red was turbocharged by the pandemic, when states including California and New York enacted the most draconian lockdown restrictions in the US, and continued them for far longer than conservative states. 

Cities in large blue states have also suffered from a sharp rise in violent crime, which has scared many people away. 

And their legislatures are more likely to be supportive of social issues many Americans disagree with, including the teaching of critical race theory, as well as allowing transgender children to undergo sex change treatment such as puberty blockers or breast amputation surgeries. 

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Florida has now topped the list of states with a tax revenue of over $12 billion, largely due to migration

Florida has now topped the list of states with a tax revenue of over $12 billion, largely due to migration

Outside of New York and California, other blue Democratic strongholds rounded out the top five states. 

This included Illinois with $141 million lost, New Jersey which lost $135 million and Massachusetts which tanked $129 million. 

On the flip side, Texas increased by $10.7 billion, Arizona closely followed with a net of $9.4 billion, Colorado with $8.6 billion and North Carolina with $7.8 billion.

The figures published by the IRS and analyzed by MyEListing highlight how blue states with steep taxes are losing citizens for places like Florida with lower taxes. 

Last year, 319,000 Americans made the move to Florida according to the National Association of Realtors  

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In contrast, New York state, which has a heavy tax burden, has saw an exodus of millionaires.

In 2021, the number of those earning more than $25 million that fled the state was 1,453, 520 less than the amount that left during the height of the Covid pandemic.

In 2020, Queens-native billionaire Carl Icahn confirmed he left his hometown for Florida due to taxation reasons. 

Other billionaires who have fled in recent years include Carolina Panthers owner David Tepper and hedge fund manager Paul Tudor Jones, whose net worth is $7.3 billion. 

Both left the Big Apple behind in recent years for the Palm Beach area citing tax reasons.

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New York-born billionaire activist Carl Icahn left his hometown in 2020 due to tax reasons

New York-born billionaire activist Carl Icahn left his hometown in 2020 due to tax reasons

Carolina Panthers owner David Tepper left New York with his fortune in 2020

Billionaire hedge fund manager Paul Tudor Jones decamped permanently to Palm Beach in 2020

Other billionaires who have fled New York in recent years include Carolina Panthers owner David Tepper and hedge fund manager Paul Tudor Jones, whose net worth is $7.3 billion

Meanwhile California, which has a progressive tax system that relies heavily on rich people and high personal income tax rates, has also seen an exodus of people.

The state has saw a population decline since the Covid-19 pandemic, with an estimated 500,00 people leaving between April 2020 and July 2022. 

In May, California Governor Gavin Newsom announced that the state’s budget deficit had grown to nearly $32 billion. 

This was around $10 billion more than he anticipated in January when he initially offered the budget proposal, with a reason being the lower-than-expected tax revenue.  

It comes after a new poll released last month from a consortium of California nonprofits that said more than 40 percent of Californians are considering leaving.

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Some cited the states liberal politics and the high cost of living was also another major factor for many, according to the poll. 

The study, which surveyed 800 California residents, quizzed people on a variety of issues, including crime in their area, health care, cost of living, and safety.

The findings were telling over the state’s decline in recent years, with a majority of respondents saying they are far more concerned about their lives than last year.

A woman in a wheelchair injects drugs at San Francisco's infamous open-air drugs market

A woman in a wheelchair injects drugs at San Francisco’s infamous open-air drugs market

Those considering fleeing the West Coast state would join numerous high-profile former residents in seeking a new home. 

In 2020, podcaster Joe Rogan left the state and moved his family to Texas, selling off his lavish $3.5 million estate for the move.

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The mansion came with a private MMA gym, a sun soaked pool, and enough amenities to fill the expansive 2 acre plot.

He announced his desire to leave on his Spotify podcast ‘The Joe Rogan Experience’, telling his huge audience he wanted to leave for ‘a little more freedom’.

In 2021, Rogan was joined by billionaire Elon Musk in leaving California, which came as part of a surprising vow to sell nearly all his possessions.

UFC color commentator, comedian and podcast host Joe Rogan left California for Texas with his family

UFC color commentator, comedian and podcast host Joe Rogan left California for Texas with his family

Musk gestures as he attends the Viva Technology in Paris, France, June 16, 2023

Musk gestures as he attends the Viva Technology in Paris, France, June 16, 2023

Tom Brady attends Los Angeles Premiere Screening Of Paramount Pictures' "80 For Brady" at Regency Village Theatre on January 31, 2023

Tom Brady attends Los Angeles Premiere Screening Of Paramount Pictures’ “80 For Brady” at Regency Village Theatre on January 31, 2023

His last remaining mansion in the area, a Bay Area property listed for $37.5 million, hit the market in June 2021.

Footballer Tom Brady is also currently building a $17 million Miami mansion that was originally intended for him and his ex-wife Gisele Bundchen. 

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Nicholas Robinson, director of accountancy at Illinois University, recently told WalletHub: ‘The latest census has shown that the highest tax states — California, New York and Illinois — have all seen massive population exodus.

‘The states that have grown the most, Florida and Texas, do not have an income tax. 

‘The benefits or detriments of being in a high-tax state versus a low-tax state could be assessed by the population voting with its feet.’

In an analysis of the numbers, MyEListing said: ‘The findings illuminate how economic and fiscal policies at the state level can significantly influence wealth distribution across the U.S. 

‘The implications of these migration patterns are profound and far-reaching, affecting various sectors, including commercial real estate and job markets.’

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In photos: Park Fire in Northern California

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In photos: Park Fire in Northern California


Stephen Lam/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images


A group of horses walk along a road as they are being evacuated during the Park Fire in the community of Cohasset near Chico, Calif., Thursday, July 25, 2024.

Park Fire in Chico

Park Fire in Chico

Stephen Lam/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images

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A home destroyed by the Park Fire is seen in Chico, Calif., Thursday, July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25 a general view of damaged structure as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25 a general view of damaged structure as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

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Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Smoke and flames rise from the forest as crews try to extinguish a wildfire in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews are battling against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images

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CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews battle against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews are battling against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Dozens of burned up cars that were destroyed by the Park Fire in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

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Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews are battling against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: A view of huge smoke as crews are battling against to flames which Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images

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CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Smoke and flames rise from the forest as crews try to extinguish a wildfire in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: A view of huge smoke as crews are battling against to flames which Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Smoke and flames rise from the forest as crews try to extinguish a wildfire in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

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Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Smoke and flames rise from the forest as crews try to extinguish a wildfire in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews are battling against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images

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CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews are battling against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: A view of huge smoke as crews are battling against to flames which Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews are battling against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

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Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Park Fire: Wildfire in Chico of California

Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images


CALIFORNIA, USA – JULY 25: Crews are battling against to flames as Park Fire of wildfires continue in Chico, California, United States on July 25, 2024.

Park Fire in Cohasset

Park Fire in Cohasset

Stephen Lam/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images


A sports utility vehicle is seen engulfed in flames during the Park Fire in the community of Cohasset near Chico, Calif., Thursday, July 25, 2024.

US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images

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Fire engines drive through flames ripping across Highway 36 as the Park fire continues to burn near Paynes Creek in unincorporated Tehama County, California on July 26, 2024. A huge, fast-moving and rapidly growing wildfire in northern California has forced more than 4,000 people to evacuate as firefighters battle gusty winds and perilously dry conditions, authorities said on July 26.

Firefighters Battle The Park Fire In California

Firefighters Battle The Park Fire In California

Bloomberg


The Park Fire near Chico, California, US, on Friday, July 26, 2024. Arson investigators in California arrested a man on suspicion of starting the state’s largest wildfire this year – a conflagration that has prompted evacuations and threatened the state’s power grid. Photographer: Benjamin Fanjoy/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

David McNew / Getty Images


CHICO, CALIFORNIA – JULY 26: A massive pyrocumulus cloud rises from the Park Fire, which has grown to 239,152 acres and is 0 percent contained, expands at a rapid rate on July 26, 2024 near Chico, California. Strong winds and dried vegetation fueled the fire that exploded 70,000 acres in the first 24 hours after a man allegedly pushed a burning car into a ravine to intentionally set the blaze. In 2018, more than 18,000 structures were destroyed and 85 people killed in the nearby town of Paradise when the Camp Fire entrapped thousand of people and became the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history.

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Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

David McNew / Getty Images


CHICO, CALIFORNIA – JULY 26: A massive pyrocumulus cloud rises from the Park Fire, which has grown to 239,152 acres and is 0 percent contained, expands at a rapid rate on July 26, 2024 near Chico, California. Strong winds and dried vegetation fueled the fire that exploded 70,000 acres in the first 24 hours after a man allegedly pushed a burning car into a ravine to intentionally set the blaze. In 2018, more than 18,000 structures were destroyed and 85 people killed in the nearby town of Paradise when the Camp Fire entrapped thousand of people and became the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history.

Firefighters Battle The Park Fire In California

Firefighters Battle The Park Fire In California

Bloomberg


A plane drops fire retardant during the Park Fire near Chico, California, US, on Friday, July 26, 2024. Arson investigators in California arrested a man on suspicion of starting the state’s largest wildfire this year – a conflagration that has prompted evacuations and threatened the state’s power grid. Photographer: Benjamin Fanjoy/Bloomberg via Getty Images

US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images

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Vehicles drive through flames ripping across Highway 36 as the Park fire continues to burn near Paynes Creek in unincorporated Tehama County, California on July 26, 2024. A huge, fast-moving and rapidly growing wildfire in northern California has forced more than 4,000 people to evacuate as firefighters battle gusty winds and perilously dry conditions, authorities said on July 26.

US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images


A property is seen in flames as the Park fire continues to burn near Paynes Creek in unincorporated Tehama County, California on July 26, 2024. A huge, fast-moving and rapidly growing wildfire in northern California has forced more than 4,000 people to evacuate as firefighters battle gusty winds and perilously dry conditions, authorities said on July 26.

TOPSHOT-US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

TOPSHOT-US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images


TOPSHOT – Resident Grant Douglas takes a drink of water while evacuating his wife and dog as the Park fire continues to burn near Paynes Creek in unincorporated Tehama County, California on July 26, 2024. More than 1,150 personnel are deployed to fight the blaze, which has burned more than 180,000 acres and burned dozens of homes, and more than 3,500 people have been forced to flee their homes, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

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TOPSHOT-US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

TOPSHOT-US-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-FIRE

JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images


TOPSHOT – A property is seen in flames as the Park fire continues to burn near Paynes Creek in unincorporated Tehama County, California on July 26, 2024. A huge, fast-moving and rapidly growing wildfire in northern California has forced more than 4,000 people to evacuate as firefighters battle gusty winds and perilously dry conditions, authorities said on July 26.

Park Fire in Butte County

Park Fire in Butte County

Stephen Lam/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images


Vehicles destroyed by the Park Fire are seen in the community of Cohasset near Chico, Calif., Friday, July 26, 2024.

Park Fire Ravages Communities In California

Park Fire Ravages Communities In California

Jessica Christian/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images

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A destroyed car is seen parked along Cohasset Road in Cohasset, Calif. Friday, July 26, 2024 after the Park Fire ripped through the community and continues to burn through Butte County.

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

David McNew / Getty Images


CHICO, CALIFORNIA – JULY 27: The ruins of a structure are seen near the small community of Payne Creek as the Park Fire, which has grown to 348,370 acres and is still 0 percent contained, continues to expand on July 27, 2024 near Chico, California. Strong winds and dried vegetation fueled the fire that exploded 70,000 acres in the first 24 hours after a man allegedly pushed a burning car into a ravine to intentionally set the blaze. In 2018, more than 18,000 structures were destroyed and 85 people killed in the nearby town of Paradise when the Camp Fire entrapped thousands of people and became the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history.

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

David McNew / Getty Images


CHICO, CALIFORNIA – JULY 27: Wild turkeys walk on scorched earth near the small community of Payne Creek as the Park Fire, which has grown to 348,370 acres and is still 0 percent contained, continues to expand on July 27, 2024 near Chico, California. Strong winds and dried vegetation fueled the fire that exploded 70,000 acres in the first 24 hours after a man allegedly pushed a burning car into a ravine to intentionally set the blaze. In 2018, more than 18,000 structures were destroyed and 85 people killed in the nearby town of Paradise when the Camp Fire entrapped thousands of people and became the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history.

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Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

David McNew / Getty Images


CHICO, CALIFORNIA – JULY 27: A burned truck is seen near the small community of Payne Creek as the Park Fire, which has grown to 348,370 acres and is still 0 percent contained, continues to expand on July 27, 2024 near Chico, California. Strong winds and dried vegetation fueled the fire that exploded 70,000 acres in the first 24 hours after a man allegedly pushed a burning car into a ravine to intentionally set the blaze. In 2018, more than 18,000 structures were destroyed and 85 people killed in the nearby town of Paradise when the Camp Fire entrapped thousands of people and became the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history.

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

David McNew / Getty Images


CHICO, CALIFORNIA – JULY 27: The ruins of a structure are seen near the small community of Payne Creek as the Park Fire, which has grown to 348,370 acres and is still 0 percent contained, continues to expand on July 27, 2024 near Chico, California. Strong winds and dried vegetation fueled the fire that exploded 70,000 acres in the first 24 hours after a man allegedly pushed a burning car into a ravine to intentionally set the blaze. In 2018, more than 18,000 structures were destroyed and 85 people killed in the nearby town of Paradise when the Camp Fire entrapped thousands of people and became the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history.

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

Park Fire Burns Thousands Of Acres In Northern California After Man Charged With Arson

David McNew / Getty Images

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CHICO, CALIFORNIA – JULY 27: The ruins of a structure are seen near the small community of Payne Creek as the Park Fire, which has grown to 348,370 acres and is still 0 percent contained, continues to expand on July 27, 2024 near Chico, California. Strong winds and dried vegetation fueled the fire that exploded 70,000 acres in the first 24 hours after a man allegedly pushed a burning car into a ravine to intentionally set the blaze. In 2018, more than 18,000 structures were destroyed and 85 people killed in the nearby town of Paradise when the Camp Fire entrapped thousands of people and became the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history.



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California

Park Fire roughly doubles in size, becomes one of the biggest in California history

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Park Fire roughly doubles in size, becomes one of the biggest in California history



The blaze has nearly doubled in size since Friday morning. It’s burning about 90 miles north of Sacramento.

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A fire that allegedly started when a man pushed a flaming car into a gully in a Northern California park on Wednesday has quickly ballooned into the West’s largest fire burning right now and one of the largest in state history.

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The Park Fire, about 90 miles north of Sacramento, has now burned over 307,000 acres as of Saturday morning, according to Cal Fire. It’s currently the eighth-largest fire in California history, has no containment, and is even producing its own clouds.

The blaze has roughly doubled in size since Friday morning when it engulfed an area the size of Chicago.

Prosecutors allege the fire started when Ronnie Stout sent his mother’s car ablaze 60 feet down an embankment near Alligator Hole in Chico’s Upper Bidwell Park. That gave the fire its match to spread northward across the Sierra Nevada foothills.

Triple-digit temperatures, low humidity and gusty winds contributed to the Park Fire’s rapid growth, officials say. The Park Fire on Saturday has burned an area roughly the size of the city of Los Angeles. So far, the Park Fire has damaged 134 structures, Cal Fire’s latest incident report showed.

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Cooler temperatures, with highs in the upper 80s, and more humidity are expected Saturday, according to the National Weather Service’s Sacramento office. On Friday afternoon, officials hoped these conditions would give some 2,500 firefighters the needed respite to reduce the fire’s spread from Butte County into Tehama County, where the majority of the fire is now occurring, as it burns grass, brush, timber and dead vegetation.

Evacuation orders and warnings continued through Friday night, the Butte County Sheriff’s Office announced. This included warnings for Magalia in the foothills east of Chico, located just next to Paradise, the California town burned by the 2018 Camp Fire that destroyed 14,000 homes and killed 85 people. The Camp Fire, caused by faulty Pacific Gas & Electric power lines, maxed out at 153,336 acres, half the size of the current Park Fire. 

There are nearing 100 large wildfires across 10 western states and Alaska that have burned over a million acres and growing. Climate change is driving fires’ growing size and severity as warmer temperatures, high winds and dry conditions help fuel fires.

Contributing: Christopher Cann and Dinah Pulver of USA TODAY

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California Still Has No Plan to Phase Out Oil Refineries – Inside Climate News

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California Still Has No Plan to Phase Out Oil Refineries – Inside Climate News


Gov. Gavin Newsom often touts California’s role as a global climate leader. Yet it’s hard to defend that claim as long as California remains one of the nation’s top oil-refining states, experts argued at a recent webinar calling for a phaseout of refineries.

The state has made major strides implementing policies to support the transition away from fossil fuels in the transportation and energy sectors, yet has largely ignored oil refineries.

This is an egregious oversight, policy experts and community advocates on the panel said, because refineries are the largest source of industrial fossil fuel pollution and one of the biggest threats to both health and the climate.

“There are significant acute and chronic public health and climate impacts from refiners,” said Woody Hastings, a policy expert at The Climate Center, a nonprofit that hosted the webinar and is working to rapidly reduce climate pollution. “There is no plan to phase them out.”

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California can embrace its role as a global leader by charting a path to phasing out refineries that others can follow, as it’s done before, he said. When California passed a measure to cut vehicle tailpipe emissions in 2002, 13 other states followed suit. When it passed a 2018 law requiring that all electricity come from renewable sources by 2045, 10 other states and the federal government adopted the same goal, Hastings said.

The most recent climate Conference of the Parties, COP28 in Dubai, called for a transition away from fossil fuels and energy systems in a just, orderly and equitable manner, Hastings said. “Let’s have California create the model for how to do it.”

All the other major fossil fuel sectors—electricity, transportation and oil drilling—have some form of phaseout requirements and plan to lower emissions, said Alicia Rivera, an organizer with the nonprofit Communities for a Better Environment who works in Wilmington, a Los Angeles neighborhood dominated by oil wells and refineries. “Refineries have none.”

The costs of inaction are clear, she said. Almost all the census tracts near refineries are communities of color forced to endure very high toxic releases and other health harms, Rivera said.

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“People on the other side of the refinery cannot see the emissions because they are invisible,” she said. “But they are large and they are always there, nonstop.”

Refineries convert crude oil into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other petroleum products like butane and propane. One refinery can cover thousands of acres, with massive heaters and boilers superheating the crude and separating the liquids that will become gas and other fuels. The refining process, storage tanks and flaring—the burning of excess hydrocarbons—all emit pollution and toxic gases like lung-damaging sulfur dioxides and cancer-causing benzene.

“People on the other side of the refinery cannot see the emissions because they are invisible. But they are large and they are always there, nonstop.”

Oil refineries must report annual benzene emissions. But various studies have shown that many refineries underestimate emissions of volatile organic compounds, including benzene, understating the health risks. 

“We’ve seen places where California has found significant risk from benzene without including that massive underestimation,” said Julia May, senior scientist with Communities for a Better Environment. “If you include the underestimation, that means the cancer risk is higher. It’s also a VOC that contributes to smog.”

Working Toward a Just Transition

California has failed to act partly because several cities benefit financially from contributing to the nearly 2 million barrels of crude oil refined a day in the state, May said, noting that regulators are under “severe pressure” to avoid phaseout requirements. 

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But just two refinery products, gasoline and diesel, cause about half of California’s greenhouse gas emissions, she said. “You can’t solve the smog or climate disaster without phasing out oil refineries.” 

The state must start looking at ways to reduce refineries’ production on the road to a full shutdown, May urged. “We’re not talking about shutting down refineries tomorrow. All we’re asking for is, start a plan over the next two decades and start with gasoline and diesel.”

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California policy is headed toward no more oil production, which will significantly reduce refining capacity in the state, said Kevin Slagle, spokesperson for the Western States Petroleum Association, which represents oil extractors and refiners. “An EV mandate that limits the sale of internal combustion cars may not say, ‘Hey refinery, you have to reduce production by X amount,’” he said. “But if you don’t have vehicles on the road that use that product, the refiners are probably not going to be here.”

Even without specific bills that mandate refinery reductions, Slagle said, California policy will lead to fewer refineries in the state, “probably quicker than folks expect.”

That phaseout needs to be managed in a way that doesn’t leave workers behind, the panelists argued. And that requires understanding that the phrase “just transition” means different things to different people, said Brian White, a longtime union leader and policy director for Eduardo Martinez, mayor of Richmond, home of the Chevron refinery, where a catastrophic fire and explosion in 2012 sent 15,000 people to the hospital.

White’s union, the United Steelworkers, coined the term “just transition,” he said. For refinery workers it means making sure they can shift to a job with dignity, benefits and pay. For environmentalists, he said, it’s moving from a dirty, dangerous industry to a cleaner, greener world. And for local governments, it means replacing revenue lost by closing refineries in order to continue providing the services communities need.

The different groups need to recognize that they’re working toward the same goals, White said. On that note, he added, the Richmond City Council recently voted to place a “polluters tax” on the November ballot. 

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“Oil refining has negative impacts on the city, including environmental hazards, public health harms and stress on emergency services,” White said. The tax on oil refining—Chevron’s Richmond refinery is one of the biggest in the nation—aims to improve the city’s financial position and the quality of life for Richmond residents, he said, especially those most affected by the oil refinery.

How to coordinate policies designed to reduce demand for refinery products like gasoline and phase out refineries remains a major challenge, the panelists said.

One in every four new car sales in California is a zero-emission vehicle, said Siva Gunda, vice chair of the California Energy Commission. “We’ve crossed our peak demand of gasoline in California in 2017,” he said, noting a downward trend that he expects to continue. “Yet even if we are wildly successful with EVs, there will be some demand.”

Siva Gunda, vice chair of the California Energy Commission.Siva Gunda, vice chair of the California Energy Commission.
Siva Gunda, vice chair of the California Energy Commission.

For Gunda, it’s imperative to find ways to reduce demand for fossil fuel products while expanding access to zero-emission vehicles and renewable energy for all Californians, especially for fenceline communities where residents suffer from higher rates of respiratory problems like asthma attacks, heart disease and cancer.

Gunda saw firsthand the disproportionate burdens these communities endure when Rivera, the community organizer, took him on a tour of Wilmington. This predominantly Black and Latino community at Los Angeles’ southern edge sits atop the third-largest oil field in the country. Residents have such a distinctive way of clearing their throats it’s called the Wilmington cough. 

“It’s heartbreaking to imagine that some of us get to see our grandmothers a little bit longer than some of us, because of where we live,” Gunda said.

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Yet the climate crisis will not affect only disadvantaged communities, the panelists warned.

Climate change is widespread and rapidly intensifying, May said. She pointed to a 2022 study from the First Street Foundation, a nonprofit that studies U.S. risks from climate change, which found that about a quarter of the country could be practically unlivable in 30 years, frequently reaching temperatures higher than 125 degrees Fahrenheit. “It’s really quite frightening,” she said. 

“We need just-transition planning to phase out refineries,” May said. “We need to deal with replacing the taxes. We need to support the workers. We need to support the communities and we need to survive catastrophic climate change. We can do it.”

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