OLYMPIA, Wash. — A missing and endangered child from Arizona was found at the homeless encampment known as “The Jungle” in Olympia, after investigators received information that the child may have been a victim of sex trafficking. U.S. marshals said.

The girl had been reported missing to the Mesa, Arizona, Police Department in May, the U.S. Marshals Service said.

On June 18, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children notified the agency that the child was potentially being sex trafficked in Washington state.

A deputy U.S. marshal assigned to missing children investigations in the Western District of Washington developed a lead that brought authorities to the 3200 block of Martin Way East, a 20-acre homeless encampment known as “The Jungle.”

The agency described the area as having high rates of violence and community safety concerns. Back in 2023, a woman was found dead at the homeless encampment.

The city’s estimate of the number of people at the encampment generally ranges from about 100 to 250 people, with additional visitors sometimes coming to the site during the day. Overall, the number varies throughout the year, Olympia city officials said.

City staff visit the site several times each week, while service providers offer food, water, clothing, sanitation services, and other basic assistance.

On Thursday, U.S. marshals, assisted by the Washington State Department of Corrections, canvassed the encampment and found the missing child. The female juvenile was transferred to the Washington State Department of Children, Youth, and Families and the Olympia Police Department for treatment and victim assistance.

“Protecting our nation’s children is of the highest importance,” Acting U.S. Marshal Donrien Stephens said in a statement. He credited local, state, and community partners for helping safely recover a youth at elevated risk of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation.

A photo of an Olympia homeless camp, where a man was arrested by police after allegedly throwing “softball-sized rocks” at firefighters who were responding to an active fire. (KOMO News)

The U.S. Marshals Service said the Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015 expanded its authority to help law enforcement recover endangered missing children, regardless of whether a fugitive or sex offender is involved, and led to the creation of its Missing Child Unit.

Since the law’s passage, the agency said it has contributed to locating or recovering 5,281 missing children.

The child’s exact age was not made public by U.S. marshals, just that she had been found safe.

The Marshals Service asked anyone with information about wanted fugitives to contact the nearest U.S. Marshals office or the agency’s Communications Center at 1-800-336-0102.

Arizona’s growth is landing hardest where there is still land to build, road to widen, and a job within commuting distance. The state added about 97,000 residents between mid-2024 and mid-2025, with Maricopa and Pinal counties taking the largest share. The pressure keeps pushing out from Phoenix into the West Valley and Pinal County while southern and rural Arizona stay flat or shrink. Housing supply and commuter access and big new master-planned communities are deciding where people land. The result is a growth map led by Buckeye and Queen Creek and the fast-rising cities of Pinal County.

Buckeye

Buckeye is one of Arizona’s biggest growth stories because it still has open desert to fill west of Phoenix. The city jumped about 37% since 2020 to roughly 125,400 residents, one of the largest numeric gains in the state. The pattern is housing first, access second. There is more room here than in the older Phoenix suburbs, and I-10 keeps it tied to jobs across the West Valley and central Phoenix. The city has projected more than 2,900 new homes for 2025 alone, which is most of the story. Verrado, Sundance, Tartesso, and the corridors along Watson and Yuma roads are where the change shows on the ground. Buckeye grows because West Valley demand keeps moving farther out.

Queen Creek

Few Arizona towns have changed as fast as Queen Creek. It grew more than 50% since 2020 to about 89,800 residents, one of the steepest rates among the state’s larger places. The town sits where Maricopa and Pinal County growth meet, part bedroom community, part job corridor, part family-housing magnet. New subdivisions, retail, schools, and road work have all chased the population up. The town is planning for a build-out near 150,000, so this is not a short-term bump. The change is loudest around Queen Creek Marketplace, Ellsworth Loop Road, the town center, and the neighborhoods spreading toward San Tan Valley.

Maricopa

Maricopa shows how much of Arizona’s growth is now spilling into Pinal County. The city climbed about 35% since 2020 to roughly 76,700 residents, ranking among the state’s largest city-level gainers year over year. Housing is the draw, but the commute defines daily life. Most residents rely on State Route 347 to reach jobs in Chandler, Tempe, Phoenix, and the wider Valley, which is exactly why the SR 347 widening has become such a fight. Copper Sky, the city center, and the commercial growth along John Wayne Parkway give Maricopa more services than it had in earlier boom years. The city keeps growing because families keep finding homes there, even as the roads work to catch up.

Goodyear

Goodyear has become one of the West Valley’s major growth centers. The city rose about 30% since 2020 to roughly 118,200 residents, again among the state’s largest numeric gainers. Its growth runs on a mix of housing, jobs, healthcare, logistics, and freeway access. Goodyear sits along I-10 with newer neighborhoods spreading south and west while employers cluster around the business parks, industrial areas, and the airport. It ranks among the country’s fastest-growing cities above 50,000, with more than 20,000 acres of parks and trails feeding a family-and-retirement appeal. Estrella, Palm Valley, Goodyear Civic Square, and the Loop 303 area give the city several growth points instead of one.

Surprise

Surprise keeps gaining as the northwest Valley builds out. The city reached about 167,600 residents in 2025, up roughly 22% since 2020, and it added more people year over year than any Arizona city except Phoenix. The growth is housing and retail finally catching up to each other. Newer subdivisions, retirement communities, spring-training crowds, and expanding shopping mean fewer trips deeper into Phoenix for everyday errands. Surprise City Center is filling in while the Prasada area has become one of the northwest Valley’s busiest retail zones. The Surprise Stadium area, Bell Road, Asante, and the northern neighborhoods each show a different side of the build-out.

Casa Grande

Casa Grande is at the center of the Pinal County shift between Phoenix and Tucson. The city grew about 30% since 2020 to roughly 69,800 residents, one of Arizona’s fastest gainers. What sets it apart is that it is not only a commuter town. Casa Grande has turned into a manufacturing and logistics hub, with Lucid Motors, Kohler, Frito-Lay, and Abbott Nutrition tied to the I-10 and I-8 corridors. Lucid alone has put about $2 billion into the city and created some 2,500 jobs. Downtown, the Promenade, the industrial parks, and the new subdivisions show jobs and housing climbing together, which makes Casa Grande a regional center rather than a midpoint.

Coolidge

Coolidge is smaller than most of this list, but its growth rate stands out. The city grew roughly 48% since 2020 to just under 20,000 residents, among the fastest in the state. The reasons are location and cheap land. Coolidge sits in central Pinal County, close to Casa Grande, Florence, Queen Creek, and the wider Phoenix-Tucson corridor, right in the path of the industrial and logistics growth spreading across the county. New housing and job access are turning a former farm town into a connected piece of central Arizona’s map. The land around Arizona Boulevard and Coolidge Avenue gives the city room for both homes and employers.

Marana

Marana is southern Arizona’s clearest entry here, the only Pima County city among the state’s ten fastest-growing since 2020. The town grew about 26% over those five years to roughly 65,500 residents. The push comes from Tucson’s northward spread. Marana has I-10 access, master-planned communities, schools, and new development along Tangerine, Cortaro, and Twin Peaks roads. A planned downtown is in the works on about 60 acres near the Ed Honea Marana Municipal Complex. Marana adds residents because it offers Tucson-area households newer housing and desert scenery without pulling them far from the metro economy.

Where Arizona’s Growth Is Heading

Arizona’s growth is still anchored in the Phoenix region, but the pressure is spreading outward rather than filling the old urban core. Maricopa County still adds the most people by number, while Pinal County has become the state’s fastest-growing county by rate. That puts housing, roads, schools, water, and local services at the center of the next decade in places like Buckeye, Queen Creek, and Casa Grande. The cities that do well will be the ones that add homes and jobs together, so daily life does not turn into a long commute between subdivisions and services.

Every morning Marisol Winfrey Herrera’s three-and-a-half-year-old daughter Jo reminds her to turn off the tap while washing her hands and brushing her teeth.

When they leave home, she reminds her mother to keep a bottle of ice with them to offer it to homeless people, who they sometimes find wilting in the Tucson heat. At first, they press the ice-filled bottles on the homeless folks to help them revive, then they offer the water to drink and hydrate. At her daycare, Jo is taught water-saving habits to combat Tucson’s soaring heat.

It is what prompted Herrera to join No Desert Data Center, a residents’ group that opposes two large data centres coming up on either side of Tucson – the $3.6bn project on the city’s southeast edge and a $5bn project on its northwest side in the town of Marana, together known as Project Blue.

The group believes these would consume more water and power than the city set in the Sonoran Desert can afford.

“We are in the middle of a 30-year drought, which is now an extreme drought,” says Lisa Shipek, co-executive director of the Watershed Management Group, a Tucson-based nonprofit.

“Water was a unifying theme in our campaign. The Colorado River cuts are looming, and this project would take water away,” Herrera told Al Jazeera.

Water flows in the Colorado River, which provides much of Tucson’s water through the Central Arizona Project canal system, have dropped by 20 percent since the year 2000 compared with water flows in the 20th century due to climate change, melting snow caps and warmer weather, making water cuts to Tucson imminent as the state could face as much as 77 percent water cuts.

“We say Not One Drop for data centres,” says Herrera, speaking of the campaign’s particularly emotive appeal for residents as water cuts get deeper and temperatures rise, with Tucson recording the warmest weather in 125 years last July and August.

Beale Infrastructure, a San Francisco-based company that is owned by investment management company Blue Owl in New York, had asked the city of Tucson to acquire 290 acres that were outside city limits for Project Blue. That would make it the city’s largest water consumer and among its largest power consumers. Beale did not respond to an emailed request for comment.

But at city council meetings, City Councillor Kevin Dahl began seeing hundreds of residents turn up to express their opposition to the project.

“Not for many issues do we get so much response,” he said. Herrera was among those who went.

Pitting environment against unions

At council meetings, Beale executives proposed that Project Blue could be the economic engine the city needed. It would create a few thousand jobs for construction workers, ironmongers, plumbers and other such workers during the construction of the project and a few hundred after that.

“Sometimes people travel as far as Phoenix for work,” Dahl said about Arizona’s largest city, which is nearly a two-hour drive from Tucson.

The project could bring jobs closer. Beale also expected the project to generate nearly $250m in taxes for the city, county and state in the first 10 years.

This left councillors with a difficult decision to make, weighing the project’s economic benefits against allocating it a share of the city’s increasingly scarce water and power.

Activists also raised concerns about whether Tucson Electric Power (TEP), the power utility, would raise rates for consumers so it could expand capacity to provide power for Project Blue. After raising rates by 10 percent in 2023, TEP proposed a 14 percent rate hike in June 2025 for grid upgrades made in the previous year.

Lee Ziesche, an activist from the Democratic Socialists of America who is campaigning to make TEP a public utility, said Project Blue could “lead to higher temperatures and higher rates” because of the heat island effect of the air conditioners and higher rates for power.

She often hears from residents that a rate hike would make it hard to pay bills or put on air conditioning, even as the number of 100-degree Fahrenheit (37.8 degree-Celsius) days has increased in Tucson, which is among the hottest cities in the United States.

The same concerns of needing ramped-up air conditioning would plague data centres too, experts say.

“The viability of data centres in Arizona will always be subject to climate change and heat risks,” says Kate Gordon, chief executive of California Forward, a think tank that works on a sustainable economy.

“The heat in Arizona makes energy less efficient, and servers heat up, so projects will need higher amounts of water and cooling, which developers have to balance against a possibly lower real estate and labour cost,” she said. “I am always amazed at how climate does not figure in business plans.”

Dahl and Andres Cano, a supervisor in Pima County, in which Tucson is located, had discussions with Beale representatives.

“We thought they would go elsewhere if the city did not acquire the land” for the project, Dahl said. Cano also came away with the same impression.

In August 2025, Tucson councillors voted unanimously not to acquire the land for the project or provide it with water and power. In December, Cano became one of only two supervisors in Pima County to oppose the project, and it was approved for construction in an unincorporated part of the county.

“It will create short-term construction jobs for what will ultimately be a project with few wins,” Cano said. “This pitted the environment and unions, but industry is not for unions. This will have just about 100 jobs when it is done.”

With no access to Tucson’s water supply, Beale decided to cool its servers with air conditioners rather than water and use a closed-loop water system, so it would recycle and reuse water.

But Vivek Bharathan, a spokesperson for the No Desert Data Center, said using air conditioners would increase power usage.

Nearly half of TEP’s power comes from fracking, he says. Data centre demand will only mean “more fracking somewhere else, climate and health consequences all along the way”.

The state’s largest data centre

Even as Project Blue was making its way through a fraught approval process, Beale announced another data centre project in the neighbouring farming town of Marana. It was to be spread over 600 acres (242 hectares), twice the size of Project Blue. The area was spread over two farm plots, one owned by the Mormon church and the other by a family trust of city council member, Herb Kai.

This project, too, is slated to bring thousands of construction jobs to a farming town as well as tax revenues.

But when Jackie McGuire, a mother of three and former Wall Street banker, heard about it, she and other residents launched a campaign to stop the land from being rezoned for a data centre. Residents wanted Marana to stay a farming town.

McGuire, who works as a research analyst, said the data centres’ servers and large air conditioners that would be installed to keep them running would raise the project’s cost and make Marana unbearably hot.

Temperatures rose by up to 2.2F (1.22C) downwind from data centres in the Phoenix area, a study published in May had found.

“The heat generated will be like one to two million space heaters,” McGuire says. “It can go up to 112 degrees [44.4C] here already. The heat island effect could make Marana uninhabitable.”

The Marana data centre will be provided power by TEP and Trico, which announced a 7.23 percent rate hike in January.

McGuire and other residents campaigned to have a referendum on whether the land could be rezoned for a data centre. Their plea was not successful, and the city council approved the rezoning of the land.

But the experience of the campaign had invigorated McGuire, and she decided to run for city council herself. The central issue of her campaign is to bring transparency to the data centre’s functioning.

Even as the campaigns in Pima County and Marana raged on, La Osa, the state’s largest data centre project, took shape in Tucson’s neighbouring Pinal County. The 3,300-acre project by the Vermaland real estate group was expected to house 59 data centres and two of its own natural gas facilities, as well as a utility-scale battery storage system.

But residents worried about noise pollution from protracted project construction and a possible increase in power costs.

“I’m worried about the constituents in that area, about the power bills going up, even though you’re saying that they’re going to pay for it,” Pinal County Supervisor Rich Vitiello said in a board of supervisors meeting on May 27.

In the face of such opposition, a La Osa lawyer spoke at the meeting to say the project had been scaled down and would now house 11 data centres from the 59 planned earlier.

‘A straw to the aquifer’

Sharing limited water has long been an emotive issue in the state, and the looming Colorado River cuts and data centre projects have brought such concerns to a head.

Arizona fought one of the longest-running cases, stretching more than three decades, in the US Supreme Court over the sharing of Colorado River water with California. Eventually, Congress adjudicated to provide California with a greater share of the water, which turbocharged its economic growth.

“No water can flow into Tucson and Phoenix unless California gets its full share,” says Jason Robison, co-director of the Gina Guy Center for Land and Water Law at the University of Wyoming College of Law.  “Arizona has always been in a tough spot.”

It strengthened the state’s long-held tradition of conservation.

“Arizona communities have been preparing for the drought conditions we see today since 1980,” a spokesperson for the Arizona Department of Water Resources said in an emailed response.

Authorities have curtailed lawns in Tucson, he said, and educational campaigns of the kind Herrera’s daughter underwent are the norm.

It has meant that groundwater reserves go deep, and homeowners are assured of a water supply before it is given to data centres or farms.

“The use by data centres is low compared to farm use, especially alfalfa and hay,” says Eric Kuhn, retired general manager of the Colorado River Water Conservation District and co-author of Science Be Dammed: How Ignoring Inconvenient Science Drained the Colorado River.

However, “data centres are not under the same rules to replenish water” as other industries, says Sharon Medgal, director of the Water Resources Research Center at the University of Arizona. “So it adds a straw to the aquifer.”

Arizona’s governor, Katie Hobbs, who is up for re-election in November, has represented to the Bureau of Reclamation that the state is home to essential industry, including semiconductors, space and data centres, and so needs a higher share of water from the Colorado River. Water, as well as its use for data centres, has been an important issue in primary races across the state.

Construction began for Project Blue at the end of April. No Desert Data Centers’ activists arrived just after dawn to protest. Within days, they found subcontractors bringing in water to control dust on site from construction. County authorities cited Beale.

Then Beale began digging wells on site after reportedly receiving permits allowing that from the Arizona Department of Water Resources. This is likely for 31,000 gallons  (more than 117,000 litres) a year, which is just enough for toilets and kitchens and will likely be recycled for reuse after.

“This may not yet be a winning story,” Bharathan, the spokesperson for the No Desert Data Center, said. “But it is a continuing story.”