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The story of the Alaska sled dogs that helped the French in World War I

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The story of the Alaska sled dogs that helped the French in World War I


A part of a unbroken weekly collection on Alaska historical past by native historian David Reamer. Have a query about Anchorage or Alaska historical past or an thought for a future article? Go to the shape on the backside of this story.

World Conflict I conjures psychological pictures of trenches and gasoline masks, of horrible improvements in artillery and aviation. Whereas such imagery precisely describes a lot of the lethal battle, there have been different corners and fronts to the warfare. Within the chilly, mountainous passes of jap France, educated canine padded alongside the slender, typically snow-covered trails. When attainable, they reduce by way of scenic valleys that might, in many years after, amaze and delight vacationers. Occasionally, the booms of artillery and cracks of bullets shattered the in any other case idyllic peace, grim reminders of close by dying. These canine, a lot of them from Alaska, have been valued troopers. As well as, they have been personally chosen, educated and delivered by essentially the most well-known Alaskan of the day.

Because the warfare slowly dragged on, every bloody yr limping into one other, two French officers have been explicitly involved with the availability and communication logistics to and from the German entrance. Alongside the Vosges, a low mountain vary close to the French-German border, French troopers have been dying from the chilly and an absence of ammunition. Nonetheless, the paths by way of the mountains have been troublesome to navigate.

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Capt. Louis Moufflet and Lt. René Haas every had expertise in Alaska. They’d seen sled canine in motion. Their drawback can be solved if they may convey sled canine from Alaska to France. So, in 1915, Haas was dispatched to Nome, the place he sought the experience of the perfect musher within the territory, Scotty Allan.

“Scotty” was a nickname. His dad and mom named him Allan, which suggests his actual title was Allan Allan. Earlier than the 1925 Nome serum run, when Leonhard Seppala turned a real superstar, Allan was essentially the most well-known musher in Alaska, which is to say the world. In fact, he was actually the primary well-known musher. Thrice he gained the All-Alaska Sweepstakes, essentially the most prestigious sled canine race of the time. As he as soon as humbly declared, “I’ve been in each race but held, and I’ve not run out of the cash but.” He was additionally a breeder, inventor, prospector and legislator.

[Before Balto and Togo, there was Baldy of Nome]

Earlier than Balto and Togo, his beloved lead canine, Baldy, was essentially the most well-known canine in Alaska. There are a lot of tales concerning the noble canine, however essentially the most telling anecdote got here throughout a Solomon Derby. Allan hit his head on a steel pole marking the course and fell off the sled, unconscious within the snow. As a substitute of working free, Baldy turned the workforce round and returned to his grasp, licking and pawing at Allan till he awoke, resumed his place, and gained the race. Baldy was the topic of his personal biography, “Baldy of Nome,” and when he died, newspapers across the nation ran obituaries.

Lt. Haas was empowered to purchase a number of hundred canine able to traversing the Vosges. But, nobody, not even a champion breeder and musher like Scotty Allan, had adequate numbers obtainable. Per the Nome Every day Nugget, Haas “bought the whole stables of Scotty Allan except for the ‘previous guard’ Tom, Dick, Harry and Baldy,” although many would have been descended from Baldy. The entire depend was reportedly solely 106 animals, plus sleds and harnesses. Accounts range, with reported common costs starting from $30 to $100 per canine, roughly $900 to $3,000 in 2023 {dollars}. This value didn’t embrace any gear.

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Scotty Allan and lead dog Baldy.

Allan initially contracted to accompany Haas and the canine as far east as Quebec. From Nome, a ship carried them to Vancouver, the place they boarded a guarded practice. Alongside the best way, Allan acquired roughly 300 extra canine, plus the extra required gear. In some unspecified time in the future, he additionally agreed to journey to France and practice the canine’ new handlers.

Reaching France meant crossing the Atlantic Ocean, then repeatedly patrolled by lethal German submarines. Because the ship’s captain was fearful that the anticipated barking would appeal to the incorrect sort of consideration, Allan educated the canine to stay silent for the whole two-week voyage. A set of transport crates on the deck served as makeshift kennels. They landed at Le Havre within the late fall of 1915 with no glimpse of any enemy vessel.

For practically two weeks, he educated the elite French mountain troops, the Chasseurs Alpins, on the finer facets of driving a canine sled. The troopers have been fast learners and shortly met with Allan’s approval. As for the attainable language obstacles, the veteran musher had no worries. As Allan noticed it, “Intuition teaches the canine what you need ‘em to do, and the language doesn’t reduce a lot determine. You possibly can drive canine with out swearing at ‘em.”

With the job full, Allan spent a number of weeks kind of vacationing in France, although some bureaucratic troubles additionally prolonged his keep. Whereas there, he had an unbelievable encounter with a member of a Scottish regiment. Like a contemporary Alaskan in an airport, he bumped into somebody he knew from again dwelling. Mentioned Allan, “Properly, sir, you can a knocked me useless with a feather, proper there within the entrance rank of a regiment of kilted Highlanders, stood that nice huge Swede who used to work for the phone firm at Nome. Him a Scotchman! Why he might scarcely communicate United States the final time I noticed him up north.”

Although he got here nowhere close to the entrance, the fallout from the warfare was seen in every single place, from the site visitors on the port to the scarred passersby. World Conflict I used to be marked by a number of revolutions in army know-how that elevated the gap from which one human might kill one other. He met a wounded artilleryman who had been in motion for 10 months however “by no means noticed a single bloody German.”

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Inside two months of leaving Nome, a number of the canine have been already in service, carrying wanted ammunition through beforehand inaccessible routes. The canine surpassed all expectations, touring quicker than any pack animal might within the wintry terrain. In a single occasion, a bunch of canine delivered 90 tons of ammunition over simply 4 days. For an additional mission, they enabled 18 miles of phone wire to be laid in a single night time, reconnecting an remoted unit to command. And most significantly, extra French troopers lived due to the canine.

France was not the one World Conflict I participant to make use of warfare canine, however nowhere else have been they used so successfully. Three of the Allan-provided canine have been ultimately awarded the Croix de Guerre for heroic acts. After the warfare, French authorities launched all of the animals from service; most turned treasured pets within the area the place that they had served.

On the tail finish of December 1915, Allan arrived in Canada from France. From there, he traveled to Southern California, the place he spent his first winter in 20 years outdoors Alaska. Whereas Allan was in France, Baldy was left in Nome, an comprehensible although disheartening separation. The loyal canine was inconsolable throughout the absence and liable to melancholy wanderings.

By the summer time of 1916, Allan was again in Nome, constructing an “aero sled,” a snowmachine in different phrases. He believed his design might carry the mail from Nome to Valdez in solely six days when 40 days was the tough customary by canine sled. The gas-guzzling prototype, which by no means made it removed from Nome, was an everyday, noisy and unwelcome presence on native roads. A few years later, he and Baldy relocated to California for an earned and hotter retirement.

Key sources:

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“Baldy of Nome Dies from Outdated Age After Spectacular Profession.” Berkeley Every day Gazette, April 13, 1922, 1.

Dean, Charles L. Troopers & Sled Canine: A Historical past of Army Canine Mushing. Lincoln, NE: College of Nebraska Press, 2005.

“Scotty Allan in Aero Sled Beats Canine.” San Francisco Examiner, December 20, 1916, 1.

“Scotty Allan to Go along with Lieut. Haas.” Nome Every day Nugget, September 24, 1915, 1.

“Scotty Allan’s Return.” Iditarod Pioneer, September 30, 1916, 6.

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“Scotty Returns from France.” Nome Every day Nugget, December 31, 1915, 4.

“Swede Highlander Tickles Scotty Allan.” Nome Every day Nugget, March 6, 1916, 3.

“Conflict Canine from Far-off Alaska for the French.” (Nebraska) Loup Metropolis Northwestern, November 25, 1915, 6.

“World Well-known Canine Musher in Fairbanks.” (Fairbanks) Alaska Citizen, February 26, 1917, 6.





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Alaska

‘Prolonged’ internet outage in North Slope & Northwest: Quintillion blames optic cable break

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‘Prolonged’ internet outage in North Slope & Northwest: Quintillion blames optic cable break


ANCHORAGE, Alaska (KTUU) – The president of Quintilian blamed an optic cable break for a North Slope & Northwest Alaska internet outage that will take an undefined amount of time to fix.

“It appears there was a subsea fiber optic cable break near Oliktok Point, and the outage will be prolonged,” Quintillion President Michael “Mac” McHale said in a short statement provided by a company spokesperson. “We are working with our partners and customers on alternative solutions.”

The statement mirrored what the company released Saturday morning on social media.

So far, the company has not provided a specific timeline for the repair’s next steps.

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See a spelling or grammar error? Report it to web@ktuu.com



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Opinion: Alaska’s court system has had solutions for expensive, unnecessary delays since 2009. What’s lacking is accountability.

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Opinion: Alaska’s court system has had solutions for expensive, unnecessary delays since 2009. What’s lacking is accountability.


As a former prosecutor, I was shocked and saddened to read reporter Kyle Hopkins’ recent reporting in the Anchorage Daily News and ProPublica on pervasive, unconstitutional, heartbreaking delays of violent felony cases. Judges granting continuances 50 to 70 times over seven to 10 years — with “typically” no opposition from the prosecution, and no mention of the victims. Victims and their families suffering years before the closure that a trial can bring, some even dying during the delays.

Hopkins’ reporting is recent. The problem isn’t. The Office of Victims’ Rights (OVR) has been covering delays for years in annual reports to the Legislature, beginning in 2014. In 2018, after monitoring nearly 200 cases, OVR said judges were mostly to blame.

Other causes have been noted: understaffed public defender and prosecutor offices; the incentive for defendants to delay because witnesses’ memories fade. But in 2019, OVR said, “It is up to the judges to control the docket, to adhere to standing court orders, to follow the law and to protect victims’ rights as well as defendants’ rights.”

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In 1994, 86% of Alaskans who voted supported a crime victims’ rights ballot. That overwhelming mandate was enshrined in our state constitution. It includes victims’ “right to timely disposition of the case.” For years, Anchorage Superior Court judges have ignored this right.

After reading the recent coverage, I began searching. Maybe other jurisdictions had found solutions to similar delays. What I discovered shocked me even more.

In 2008, a working group co-chaired by an Alaska Supreme Court justice determined the average time to disposition for felony cases in Anchorage had nearly quadrupled. “This finding amounted to a ‘call to arms’ for improvements …(.)”

In November 2008, the state paid to send three judges, two court personnel, the Anchorage district attorney, the deputy attorney general and three public defenders to a workshop in Arizona about causes of delays, and solutions. David Steelman was a presenter. He worked with the Alaska group in Phoenix and Anchorage. That work resulted in a 59-page report dated March 2009.

I found Steelman’s report online (“Improving Criminal Caseflow Management in the Alaska Superior Court in Anchorage”). His findings are revealing.

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Delays resulted from informal attitudes, concerns and practices of the court, prosecutors and public defense lawyers. To change this “culture of continuances,” it was critical the court exercise leadership and the attorneys commit to change. Judges and the public-sector lawyers must recognize they were all responsible for making prudent use of the finite resources provided by taxpayers. Unnecessary delays wasted resources.

Steelman recommended the judges and lawyers agree to individual performance measurements, and the court engage in ongoing evaluation of his Caseflow Improvement Plan. The plan included a “Continuance Policy for Anchorage Felony Cases.”

I found an unsigned Anchorage court order dated May 1, 2009. It included Steelman’s Continuance Policy recommendation that the court log every requested continuance in the court file, name the party requesting it, the reasons given, whether the continuance was granted, and the delay incurred if it was granted.

More telling, it omitted Steelman’s recommendation that, “Every six months, the chief criminal judge shall report to the Presiding Judge on the number of continuances requested and granted during the previous period(.)”

That provision might have ensured accountability.

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After years of only bad news, in 2018, OVR reported a glimmer of “good news” — a pre-trial delay working group was formed by Anchorage Presiding Judge Morse and the court system. In September 2018, Judge Morse issued a Felony Pre-Trial Order. Its goals included reducing delays of felony case dispositions and minimizing the number of calendaring hearings. (Sound familiar?)

But, OVR added, “The real test will be whether judges will hold to the new plan and hold parties accountable for delays. The jury is out on whether the will to change is actually present, but the court ultimately will be responsible for improving this problem unless the legislature steps in and passes new laws to resolve this continuing violation of victims’ rights.”

The jury has been out since 2009. The court failed that test. Based on the ADN/ProPublica reporting, the court failed the test of 2018. Things are worse than ever.

And the court’s response? A spokesperson told Kyle Hopkins there was “new” training for judges on managing case flows, as well as an Anchorage presiding judge’s order limiting when postponements may be used. (Sound familiar?)

I also reached out to the court. I requested documentation of this “new” training and a copy of the latest order. I also asked about the unsigned May 2009 court order. I’ve received no response. Similarly, when Hopkins reached out to Anchorage Superior Court judges, none of the criminal docket judges responded directly.

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There are two things courts and judges will respond to: their budget and retention elections.

First, the Alaska Senate and House Judiciary and Finance Committees should hold the court system accountable for its proposed budget. Require it to cost out delays from past years. According to a 2011 report by Steelman, just two Anchorage cases (each with over 70 scheduling hearings), “(M)ay have cost the State of Alaska the full-time equivalent of an extra prosecutor or public defender attorney.”

The court system has proven, since 2008, it can’t be trusted to not waste money on unnecessary delays. It must finally be held accountable by the Legislature.

Second, retention elections. Superior Court judges are appointed by the governor, but they must stand election for retention by the voters every six years. The Alaska Judicial Council evaluates each judge before their election and makes that information public. The council incorporates surveys of attorneys, law enforcement, child services professionals, court employees and jurors.

The Judicial Council does not survey victims, or those who assist them, such as OVR or Victims for Justice. It should. Other than the defendant, victims are the only ones with a constitutional right to a speedy trial. That right is being ignored by judges. Alaska voters who issued a mandate should know which judges are ignoring it.

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Val Van Brocklin is a former state and federal prosecutor in Alaska who now trains and writes on criminal justice topics nationwide.

The views expressed here are the writer’s and are not necessarily endorsed by the Anchorage Daily News, which welcomes a broad range of viewpoints. To submit a piece for consideration, email commentary(at)adn.com. Send submissions shorter than 200 words to letters@adn.com or click here to submit via any web browser. Read our full guidelines for letters and commentaries here.





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Seattle offers much more than a connection hub for Alaska flyers

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Seattle offers much more than a connection hub for Alaska flyers


Lately I’ve spent too much time at the Seattle airport and not enough time exploring the Emerald City.

It’s not just about downtown Seattle, either. I’ve been catching up with friends in the area and we shared stories about visiting the nearby San Juan Islands or taking the Victoria Clipper up to Vancouver Island (bring your passport).

There are some seasonal events, though, that make a trip to Seattle more compelling.

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First on the list is Seattle Museum Month. Every February, area museums team up with local hotels to offer half-price admission.

There is a catch. To get the half-price admission, stay at a downtown hotel. There are 70 hotels from which to choose. Even if you just stay for one night, you can get a pass which offers up to four people half-price admission.

It’s very difficult to visit all of the museums on the list. Just visiting the Seattle Art Museum, right downtown near Pike Place Market, can take all day. There’s a special exhibit now featuring the mobiles of Alexander Calder and giant wood sculptures of artist Thaddeus Mosley.

But there are many ongoing exhibits at SAM, as the museum is affectionately known. Rembrandt’s etchings, an exhibit from northern Australia, an intricate porcelain sculpture from Italian artist Diego Cibelli, African art, Native American art and so much more is on display.

It’s worth the long walk to the north of Pike Place Market to visit the Olympic Sculpture Park, a free outdoor exhibition by SAM featuring oversized works, including a giant Calder sculpture. The sweeping views of Elliott Bay and the mountains on the Olympic Peninsula are part of the package.

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My other favorite art museum is the Burke Museum at the University of Washington. What I remember most about the Burke Museum is its rich collection of Northwest Native art.

But the term “museum” covers an incredible array of collections. A visit to the Chihuly Garden and Glass Museum is a chance to see the most fanciful creations of renowned glass blower Dale Chihuly. It’s right next to the Space Needle.

You have to go up to the top and see the new renovations.

“They took out most of the restaurant,” said Sydney Martinez, public relations manager for Visit Seattle.

“Then they replaced the floor with glass. Plus, they took the protective wires off from around the Observation Deck and put up clear glass for an uninterrupted view,” she said.

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If you visit the Space Needle in February, there’s hardly ever a line!

Getting from the airport to downtown is easy with the light rail system. There’s a terminal adjacent to the parking garage in the airport. The one-way fare for the 38-minute train ride is $3. From downtown, there are streetcars that go up Capitol Hill and down to Lake Union.

Martinez encourages travelers to check out the Transit Go app.

“All of the buses require exact change and sometimes that’s a hassle,” she said. “Just add finds to your app using a credit card and show the driver when you get on.”

Pike Place Market is a downtown landmark in Seattle. Fresh produce, the famous fish market, specialty retailers and restaurants — there’s always something going on. Now there’s even more to see.

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Following the destruction of the waterfront freeway and the building of the tunnel, the Seattle Waterfront project has made great strides on its revitalization plan. The latest milestone is the opening of the Overlook Walk.

The Seattle Waterfront project encompasses much more than the new waterfront steps. Landscaping, pedestrian crossings and parks still are being constructed. But you cannot miss the beautiful staircase that comes down from Pike Place Market to the waterfront.

“There’s a really large patio at the top overlooking Elliott Bay,” said Martinez. “The stairs go down to the waterfront from there, but there also are elevators.”

Tucked under one wall is a completely new exhibit from the Seattle Aquarium, which is right across the street on the water. The Ocean Pavilion features an exhibit on the “Indo-Pacific ecosystem in the Coral Triangle.” I want to see this for myself!

Wine lovers love Washington wines. And Seattle shows up to showcase the increasing variety of wines available around the state. Taste Washington brings the region’s food and wines together for an event in mid-March.

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Hosted by the WAMU Center near the big sports stadiums, Taste Washington features 200 wineries and 75 restaurants for tastings, pairings and demonstrations. There are special tastings, special dinners (plus a Sunday brunch) and special demonstrations between March 13 and 17.

There’s another regionwide feasting event called Seattle Restaurant Week, where participating restaurants offer a selected dinner for a set price. No dates are set yet, but Martinez said it usually happens both in the spring and the fall.

It’s not downtown, but it’s worth going to Boeing Field to see the Museum of Flight. This ever-expanding museum features exhibits on World War I and II, in addition to the giant main hall where there are dozens of planes displayed. I love getting up close to the world’s fastest plane, the black SR-71 Blackbird. But take the elevated walkway across the street to see the Concorde SST, an older version of Air Force 1 (a Boeing 707) and a Lockheed Constellation.

One of the most interesting exhibits is the Space Shuttle Trainer — used to train the astronauts here on the ground. There’s an amazing array of space-related exhibits. Don’t miss it.

Some travelers come to Seattle for sports. Take in home games from the Seattle Kraken hockey team or the Seattle Sounders soccer team this winter.

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Other travelers come to see shows. Moore Theatre is hosting Lyle Lovett on Feb. 19 and Anoushka Shankar on March 13. Joe Bonamassa is playing at the Climate Pledge Area on Feb. 16. There are dozens of live music venues throughout the area.

It’s easy to get out of town to go on a bigger adventure. The Victoria Clipper leaves from the Seattle Waterfront for Victoria’s Inner Harbour each day, starting Feb. 16. If you want faster passage, fly back on Kenmore Air to Lake Union.

The Washington State Ferries offer great service from downtown Seattle to the Olympic Peninsula. Or, drive north to Anacortes and take the ferry to the San Juan Islands. Or, just drive north to Mukilteo and catch a short ferry over to Whidbey Island.

There are fun events all year in Seattle. But I’m circling February on the calendar for Museum Month. Plus, I need to see that grand staircase from Pike Place Market down to the water!





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