Back they have come over the past week, one after the other, with the welcomes and embraces of team-mates captured for social media.

The international players who went furthest this summer, both in the European Championship and Copa America, have returned to their club folds and, just like that, will be asked to go again ahead of a new Premier League season beginning in nine days.

Liverpool’s well-travelled stars, including Trent Alexander-Arnold, Virgil van Dijk and Luis Diaz, reported back for testing on Sunday, before Arsenal then waved in Declan Rice and Bukayo Saka on Monday. “Back,” Manchester United succinctly posted, too, with an image of Kobbie Mainoo walking towards the club’s training complex.

Big players, one and all, but athletes who were given the briefest of summer breaks.

Just three weeks, give or take a day, were afforded to the vast majority of the 146 Premier League players who represented their country at a major tournament in June and July. And for those going deep into the event, it means the wheel barely stopped turning before the competitive football returns.

Buzzing to be back 🐝🫶#MUFC pic.twitter.com/5VBxOIVP3w

— Manchester United (@ManUtd) August 5, 2024

“It’s not just this season, it’s happened for five, six, seven years, so every time is the same,” said Pep Guardiola last month. A Community Shield date with Manchester United on Saturday comes long before many of his Manchester City squad could possibly be considered ready. “We’d like to have preparations properly, but it’s impossible,” he added.

The length of an elite footballer’s summer break has long been a concern for FIFPro, the global union that represents 65,000 professional players. They have campaigned to have a minimum four-week break, on top of a mandatory two-week in-season break, but are yet to see stakeholders show any willingness to accommodate that wish within an increasingly congested calendar.

FIFPro can point towards the misgivings of players. A 2021 survey of over 1,000 professional footballers found that 69 per cent “felt off or in-season breaks are infringed by clubs or national teams” and that 83 per cent believed regulations ought to be in place for greater protection.

There are plenty of Premier League players who did not even enjoy three full weeks off this summer.

Luis Sinisterra was back with his Bournemouth team-mates last Thursday, 18 days after he had been part of the Colombia squad beaten by Argentina in the Copa America final, while Diogo Jota returned to the Liverpool squad in Pittsburgh 19 days after his Portugal side were knocked out of the Euros by France.

Enzo Fernandez, meanwhile, was afforded even less. The midfielder had been at the heart of controversial celebrations after his Argentina team won the Copa America last month and came back to the Chelsea camp with contrition to share after just a fortnight off.

Summer breaks and their brevity are one facet of a broader debate that has brought legal action against FIFA in recent months. Too many demands are being placed upon players without due consultation, the unions argue.

“The one thing players highlight isn’t just the number of games during the season, but the need for a proper, protected break where they know they are going to get time off,” says Ben Wright, PFA director of external affairs.

“It’s something that our members said themselves to Gianni Infantino when we arranged for him to come to Manchester to speak to them (in January 2022). They told him that it was as much a mental thing as it was physical — being able to look forward to a specific date and knowing that you would have that break for rest, holiday and time with your family, basically just to switch off from football. If you don’t have that, it just becomes absolutely relentless.”

Sinisterra had just 18 days off this summer (Dan Istitene/Getty Images)

This is not a problem for every player, of course. Any non-international Premier League footballer will have seen their season end on May 19 and, in most cases, not be asked to begin pre-season until early July. Seven weeks of rest is commonplace across the English Football League, too.

Internationals, though, do not enjoy the same repose. Friendly games were held in June’s first week in the lead-up to the Euros and Copa America, which both concluded with finals on July 14. The 2024-25 Premier League season begins 34 days later. The gap between the final of the 1984 European Championship and the curtain raiser to the English season that summer, by way of contrast, was 59 days.

Something has to give at the beginning of a season that sees UEFA expanding the Champions League and FIFA introducing a new Club World Cup, and that has been the Premier League’s mid-season break. The winter rest period, only introduced in 2018-19, has been removed from the English calendar in 2024-25 to ensure less congestion during the festive period. Previous studies have suggested that 85 per cent of top-level players were in favour of the 14-day mid-season break that has now been lost.

Next summer brings the added complication of a Club World Cup in the U.S. Any group of players going all the way to the final will not finish the 2024-25 season until July 13 and, should that be a European club, effectively leave just two or three weeks of pre-season work ahead of the 2025-26 campaign that ends with a 48-team World Cup back in the States.

“We can’t just view the (summer) break in a silo,” adds Wright. “It’s one part of the jigsaw, but it shows the need for a complete reset on how football approaches the calendar.

“If giving players a protected three-week break means the same amount of games are crammed into an even smaller window, then that’s obviously not the answer.”

Whether it’s a beach holiday or a city break, a footballer’s summer is considered a vital window for rest. FIFPro say it will “increase players’ ability to recover fully during and after a football season” and also bring the opportunity to “recover and regenerate both physically and mentally”.

There is yet to be any definitive medical research to outline what constitutes the optimal duration of a summer break. Too long and there is the challenge of starting fitness levels from the bottom with physiological strength diminished. Too short and there is insufficient time for a body to recover.

(Stuart MacFarlane/Arsenal FC via Getty Images)

“As practitioners, you’d want to see a nice steady middle ground,” says Steve Barrett, a former sports scientist with the Football Association and now vice president of sports tech company Playermaker.

“Ideally you’d want players having two weeks completely off and then two weeks of individual work leading up to pre-season again. That four weeks would be a good break, but for some players that’s too long.

“I would ask players to have two weeks of complete shut-down, let your body recover and regenerate. And if you’re going to do something, go play a different sport like tennis or volleyball. Then have two weeks build up to pre-season. You want a progressive build-up, but some clubs will monitor the players even when they’re away.”

Session one smiles 😆 pic.twitter.com/LX9b7cKbrd

— Liverpool FC (@LFC) August 5, 2024

Is three weeks sufficient time to recharge?

“There’s not really an easy answer,” he adds. “There’s not been a lot of research done into what the optimal break is. What they do say is that a change in a player’s training status will put them at a bigger risk of injuries.

“Footballers are human beings and they’re all different. Some want to switch off completely, have no contact whatsoever with their clubs. Others might be messaging you after a week of the summer asking what they can be doing. What’s good for one player, having four full weeks off, might not be good for another.

“If you have too long a break, players will come back and the first week or two of pre-season they’re struggling with aches and pains. That could be just as negative as not having a long enough break.

“Too short a break, though, can definitely be detrimental. During a long season, bodies don’t get the chance to recover properly, but you also need players to mentally switch off. When you’re mentally tired, that’s when your body can start to struggle with injuries.”

FIFPro have previously pointed towards medical evidence that would endorse a summer break of between four and six weeks, but the top end of that bracket has grown fanciful for the elite.

Former Liverpool forward Sadio Mane said in 2019 he had not enjoyed a break of more than 20 days in the seven years previous owing to international commitments to Senegal, while Julian Alvarez, heading to Atletico Madrid from Manchester City, has only just finished his 2023-24 season after representing Argentina at both the Copa America and the Olympics. One campaign has merged into another.

Guardiola is allowing Rodri, John Stones, Phil Foden and Kyle Walker to return when they’re ready (Joe Robbins/Icon Sportswire via Getty Images)

Guardiola has made a point of leaving the return dates of his four Manchester City players to reach the final of Euro 2024 — Rodri, John Stones, Phil Foden and Kyle Walker — up to each player. None were asked to join City’s pre-season tour of the U.S., an approach taken by most clubs embarking on lucrative pre-season commitments overseas.

“I said to them, come back when you are fine, when you want to come back, when you have a desire to touch the ball again,” the City boss said last week. “If you don’t feel it, stay at home because it (the season) is so long. We have to rest them. Premier League, UEFA, FIFA don’t think about them, so we have to do it as managers.”

English clubs are not technically obliged to offer anything more than three weeks of rest in summer to their players. The standard contract, approved by the PFA, says all players are entitled to five weeks of paid holiday each year and the club “shall not unreasonably refuse to permit the player to take three of such weeks consecutively”.

That legal position is in stark contrast to leading sports in the U.S. Collective bargain agreements exist in the NFL, NBA and MLB to ensure a player’s rest and off-season programmes are clearly mapped out regardless of their clubs.

NFL players are effectively on a team calendar from late July until January or February, depending on progress in the play-offs. Training camp attendance is mandatory on the countdown to a season, but it still leaves approximately three months for players to live and train where they please.

U.S. sports, though, do not have the complications of multiple stakeholders driving their own interests. Players — and their unions — hold greater powers to create schedules designed for their benefit and wellbeing.

Julian Alvarez played nine times across the Copa America and the Olympics this summer (Juan Manuel Serrano Arce/Getty Images)

“The NBA have a lot more games than us, but they’ll also have a longer break,” adds Barrett. “The fixtures are condensed. Is it better to have less-condensed fixtures, like they do in the Premier League, but have a short break? It’s probably better to have the season stretched out if it means not having condensed programmes.

“Some players will think if they have a lot of time off, they’re going to have to work harder to get back to where they need to be. Some might think they only need two weeks because then they’ll not need to do much to make sure they hit the ground running.

Back in the building ✊

Our Three Lions return to Sobha Realty Training Centre ❤️ pic.twitter.com/1cc8XjledD

— Arsenal (@Arsenal) August 4, 2024

“You’ll see a lot of players on Instagram making it known they continue training hard in the summer break and that’s becoming pretty common. There’ll also be players not wanting to miss out in some situations, such as not having the chance to impress a new manager if they take a long break when team-mates are training and playing friendlies. There a lot of dynamics involved.”

But not a lot of rest.

Foden played 69 games for club and country last season and could, in theory, play a similar number once the new season begins with the Community Shield this weekend. Three weeks off, in all likelihood, before he goes again. And again.

Summer breaks, not even guaranteed to be three weeks, illustrate one of the pinch points in a much wider debate.

“Asking clubs, competition organisers and national teams to find a single solution that balances player wellbeing, tournament dates, commercial commitments and numerous other factors is no substitute for a properly protected summer break that is respected by everyone,” says Wright.

“All we see, year on year, is the workload for the most in-demand players increasing unsustainably.”

(Top photo: Charlotte Tattersall – MUFC/Manchester United via Getty Images)

Charles Barkley made his expectations for the US men’s basketball team clear. 

The legendary NBA player wants to see Team USA return from the Paris Olympics with the gold medal in their possession. Barkley was so steadfast in his belief that he suggested the players should find another country to call home if they somehow fall short of his expectations.

“Listen, if they lose, we can’t let them back in the country,” Barkley said during a recent appearance on Philadelphia 76ers star Paul George’s “P Podcast.” “We can’t. I’ll tell them. You can’t come back.”

Barkley is a two-time Olympic gold medalist. He was a member of the U.S. men’s national basketball team during the 1992 Summer Games in Barcelona. The 1992 team was better known as the “Dream Team.” Barkley and Team USA also won gold on American soil during the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

Many fans and others have attempted to draw comparisons between the 2024 edition of the U.S. men’s basketball team and the storied roster from 1992. Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, Patrick Ewing, and other all-time basketball greats played on the “Dream Team.”

2024 OLYMPIC ODDS: LEBRON JAMES LEADS GROUP OF NBA SUPERSTARS FOR OLYMPIC MVP

This year’s team is led by four-time NBA champion LeBron James and also features 2014 NBA MVP Kevin Durant, Los Angeles Lakers’ forward Anthony Davis, and rising NBA star Anthony Edwards, among others.

Basketball: 1996 Summer Olympics: USA Charles Barkley victorious with medals after winning Men’s Gold Medal Game against Yugoslavia at the Georgia Dome. Atlanta, GA. 8/3/1996 (Manny Millan/Sports Illustrated via Getty Images)

On Tuesday, Team USA took another step in the right direction by defeating Brazil in the quarterfinals. The team returns to the court on Aug. 8 for a game against Serbia.

After winning the bronze medal at the Athens Olympics, the men’s basketball team took care of business in the next four games, which were held in Beijing, London, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo.

Leo Meindl of Team Brazil and LeBron James of Team United States in action during the Men’s Quarterfinal match between Team Brazil and Team United States on day eleven of the Olympic Games Paris 2024 at the Bercy Arena on August 6, 2024, in Paris, France.  (Tom Weller/VOIGT/GettyImages)

The Americans will have to overcome a strong field of competitors this summer if they want to bring home the gold. Barkley acknowledged the challenges the team faces, but he still does not believe the US team should finish the Summer Games in any place but first.

Kevin Durant of the United States reacts during the Men’s Basketball Quarterfinal match between Brazil and the United States of America on day eleven of the Olympic Games Paris 2024 at Bercy Arena on August 6, 2024, in Paris, France.  (Daniel Kopatsch/Getty Images)

“Have the international teams gotten better, 100%,” Barkley said. “They still not better than the United States. You take away Joker (Nikola Jokic) and Giannis (Antetokounmpo) and Luka (Doncic). All three guys are great, great players. Shai (Gilgeous-Alexander) is great also, but we still got the next 10 best players in every game.”

Barkley also praised Team USA’s depth.

“Ain’t nobody bringing anybody off the bench better than Jayson Tatum,” Barkley said. Tatum earned All-NBA First Team honors this past season and helped the Boston Celtics win the NBA title in June.

“Ain’t nobody bringing anybody off the bench better than Kevin Durant,” he continued. “The international teams have gotten better, but there’s never an excuse for the United States not to win the gold medal. We got the best team, we’ve got the best players by far.”

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The game was only Clayton Kershaw’s third of the season.

Dodgers manager Dave Roberts stressed that point on Tuesday night when revisiting his decision to take out Kershaw in the fifth inning of a promising start against the Philadelphia Phillies.

“It’s about continuing to build up, so then he has a base and a foundation to keep going,” Roberts said. “So, right now, for me, it was an easy one.”

The key words: Right now.

By the time Kershaw takes his next turn in the rotation, the Dodgers might not have the luxury of removing him at the first sign of trouble. By the time they’re in the playoffs, they almost certainly won’t be able to manage him as cautiously as they would a rookie.

Even after a billion-dollar offseason and the acquisition of the best pitcher who was moved at the trade deadline, the Dodgers are back to where they usually are at this time of the year.

They’re back to depending on Clayton Kershaw.

They might not like the idea of staking their season on a 36-year-old who underwent a major shoulder operation over the winter, but their situation leaves them no other choice. In the wake of their 6-2 loss to the Phillies in the second game of their three-game series at Dodger Stadium, their lead over the San Diego Padres in the National League West was down to four games.

Their injury-prone rotation has predictably unraveled, and Kershaw might have to pitch effectively for the Dodgers to have a realistic chance of winning the World Series. Tyler Glasnow and Jack Flaherty will lead their staff for the remainder of the regular season and beyond, but whom do they have behind them? Three starting pitchers will likely be required in the National League Division Series, four in the two series after that.

Yoshinobu Yamamoto has been sidelined for close to two months with a shoulder injury and isn’t expected to return until September. Gavin Stone looks as if he’s wearing down. Walker Buehler aborted his initial attempt to come back from his latest elbow reconstruction. Bobby Miller isn’t even in the major leagues. River Ryan has made only three career starts.

What the Dodgers ask of Kershaw could also be affected by the state of the bullpen. Evan Phillips’ loss of form last month has left the Dodgers without a closer. Brusdar Graterol’s return from a shoulder injury lasted only eight pitches, as Graterol went down with a severe hamstring strain that is expected to end his season. The shortage of bullpen resources has been magnified by the inability of the starters to pitch deep into games. Dodgers starters have registered a combined 577⅔ innings, fifth fewest in the NL.

In other words, the next time Kershaw is in the kind of jam he was in the fifth inning against the Phillies, Roberts might not have a viable arm to replace him. The manager’s only choice might be to have him pitch through it.

Six days after a nightmare start in San Diego in which he lasted only 3⅔ innings and looked finished, Kershaw was a new pitcher on Tuesday. His fastball remained in the low-90s, but he controlled the pitch better and threw a greater number of curveballs, which helped him limit the NL’s top team to one run over 4⅔ innings.

“This guy is the greatest competitor I’ve ever been around,” Roberts said. “He just kind of willed himself to have a quality outing.”

The Phillies had runners on the corners with one out in the fourth inning, but Kershaw escaped by striking out Alec Bohm and forcing J.T. Realmuto to ground out. There was more trouble in the fifth inning when Austin Hays doubled and Brandon Marsh was hit by a pitch. Kershaw finished a nine-pitch at-bat by the persistent Edmundo Sosa with a strikeout, only to give up a run-scoring single to Kyle Schwarber that moved the Phillies in front, 1-0.

There were two outs, but the Phillies had runners on the corners. Up next was a right-handed-hitting All-Star, Trea Turner, who was about to face Kershaw for the third time. Roberts came for Kershaw and replaced him with Joe Kelly, who made Turner line out to center field. The Phillies blew open the game by scoring three runs in the sixth inning.

“You never want to come out of the game, obviously,” said Kershaw, who threw 81 pitches.

Kershaw didn’t direct any frustration at Roberts, however. Rather, he blamed himself for his early departure, mentioning the two hitters who reached base after he backed them into 0-2 counts.

“Just made some dumb mistakes,” Kershaw said. “I just have to figure out how to maintain my pitch count. Obviously, my pitch count will keep getting higher, but you have to figure out how to get through at least five [innings], six or seven at some point.”

Roberts said of how Kershaw was focused on what he could control: “That’s the thing I respect.”

This mindset explains why Kershaw has a chance to be a difference maker when his pitches aren’t as explosive as they used to be. Provided he makes the improvements he wants to make, the Dodgers have an obligation to explore the limits of this version of Kershaw. They owe it not only to him but to the other players as well. To win, they’ll need him.