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Meet the American who taught Jack Daniel to make whiskey: Nearest Green, Tennessee slave, master distiller
Nathan Nearest Green rose from the inhumanity of slavery to lift American spirits around the world.
Green lived in bondage in the years before the Civil War. He operated a farmhouse distillery for minister slave owner and grocery-store operator Dan Call in Lynchburg, Tennessee.
It was there that the middle-aged, African-American distiller taught a poor, hardworking and curious pre-teen Scots-Irish boy named Jack Daniel how to make whiskey on a barnyard still in backwoods America.
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That boy opened Jack Daniel’s Distillery in 1866. He hired Green, newly emancipated a year earlier, as the operation’s first master distiller.
“We think there was a special bond between Jack and Nearest and Jack and Nearest’s family,” Jack Daniel’s historian Nelson Eddy told Fox News Digital.
Green’s descendants have worked at the distillery since its inception — they still help produce the whiskey today, more than 150 years later, he said.
Jack Daniel (center row, white hat, black vest) founded his eponymous distillery in 1866 after learning the craft from slave Nathan Nearest Green, who became his company’s first master distiller. There are no known pictures of Nearest Green, but his son, George, is seated to Daniel’s right (center of photo). Members of the Green family have worked at Jack Daniel’s Distillery throughout its history, including two descendants of Nearest Green today. (Courtesy Jack Daniel’s Distillery)
Jack Daniel’s Tennessee sour-mash whiskey is the top-selling whiskey and most globally recognized spirit made in the United States.
The Jack Daniel’s brand is so deeply and uniquely American it should have its own marching band, fight song and football team.
“We think there was a special bond between Jack and Nearest.” — Jack Daniel’s historian Nelson Eddy
Yet the signature processes behind Jack Daniel’s, and Tennessee whiskey in general, include techniques, some experts argue, known in western Africa — where conquered tribesman, Green’s ancestors, were sold into slavery to Europeans and shipped around the world.
Yes. Jack Daniel’s, like most everything profoundly American, boasts international influences.
The old farm of Jack Daniel’s near the Jack Daniel’s whiskey distillery. Company founder Jack Daniel established his first distillery in 1866. (Kyle Dean Reinford/picture alliance via Getty Images)
Green’s story has long been known to spirits historians and shared by the Jack Daniel’s Distillery.
“It’s a story of Black and White working together — you can boil it down to something really that simple and really human,” Charles K. Cowdery, author of the book “Bourbon, Straight: The Uncut and Unfiltered Story of American Whiskey,” told Fox News Digital.
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But Green’s influence is gaining wider audience now, thanks in large part to Nearest Green Distillery in Shelbyville, Tennessee, which has earned critical acclaim for its products and praise for its devotion to whiskey history since opening in 2017.
“Nearest Green is definitely the godfather of Tennessee whiskey,” Fawn Weaver, founder of Nearest Green Distillery, said in a 2019 interview with FOX Business.
Whiskey maker Uncle Nearest
Nathan Nearest Green was born around 1820 in Maryland, most likely in Baltimore. Little is known about his early life.
Nelson Eddy, Jack Daniel’s company historian, speaking in the old office of company founder Daniel on the grounds of the Jack Daniel’s distillery. (Kyle Dean Reinford/picture alliance via Getty Images)
A more complete picture emerges in later years, as Green enjoyed emancipation in the wake of the Civil War.
“His friends and family called him Uncle Nearest,” according to research by Nearest Green Distillery.
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“’Uncle’ is a term that was used in Lynchburg as an indication of respect, for both Whites and Blacks at the time. Nearest was greatly respected in Lynchburg as a mentor and the best whiskey maker in the area.”
He appears to have enjoyed a full life in freedom.
The 1880 census lists Green — written down as “Nearis” Green, most likely a misspelling — as 60 years old. It shows him married to Harriet, just 40, and with a full brood of nine children.
Several of his children worked at Jack Daniel’s Distillery in its earliest days.
“Nearest was greatly respected in Lynchburg as a mentor and the best whiskey maker in the area.” — NearestGreen.com
He arrived at Dan Call’s Lynchburg farm sometime in the mid-1800s. Among other duties, he was charged with operating the farmhouse distillery.
“It was a natural job for enslaved labor,” said Cowdery, referencing that period of time in America’s history. “It’s dirty and it’s hard and it’s dangerous.”
Jack Daniel’s distiller Nathan Nearest Green was married with nine children, according to the 1880 census, which mistakenly lists him as “Nearis” Green. (Courtesy Jack Daniel’s Distillery)
Soon, Green would mentor a poor little boy in a relationship that would change the destinies of two families and shape the future of American spirits.
‘He was a worker, like Nearest’
Jasper Newton “Jack” Daniel was born into freedom. But not ease.
The details of his early life are also unknown. He was born in Lynchburg around 1848, the youngest of 10 children.
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Daniel’s mother died soon after he was born, no more than a few months later.
He was about 10 years old when he went to work for Minister Call; and he was around 15 when his father, serving in the Confederate army, died of pneumonia in 1863.
A sculpture in front of a cave, from which the water for Jack Daniel’s whiskey flows, serves as a reminder of company founder Jack Daniel. (Kyle Dean Reinford/picture alliance via Getty Images)
Jack Daniel was a teenage orphan.
“He worked as a chore boy for the preacher ─ milking cows, feeding slop to the pigs, getting water from the springhouse and all the other things farm hands do,” according to NearestGreen.com.
The allure of the distillery captured his curiosity. He began working with Green, reportedly with the blessing of landowner Call.
“He wasn’t a privileged boy. He was a worker, like Nearest.” — NearestGreen.com.
The poor White orphan boy and the enslaved middle-aged Black distiller proved a dynamic duo, by all accounts.
“He wasn’t a privileged boy. He was a worker, like Nearest,” reports NearestGreen.com.
Green gave Daniel a master class on the intricacies of a spirit made only in America: sour-mash, charred-oak barrel-aged, charcoal-filtered corn whiskey.
Tennessee whiskey, in other words.
Jack Daniel’s whiskey is filtered through sugar-maple charcoal, which the distillery makes on site. Daniel learned the technique from slave distiller Nathan Nearest Green. Charcoal filtering is a technique believed by some to originate with traditional water-purifying methods in West Africa. (Courtesy Jack Daniel’s Distillery)
The processes that make it so smooth were all known by the 19th century and in many cases improved and perfected by enslaved distillers.
Corn-based, sour-mash whiskey, aged on charred oak barrels, is common in most American whiskeys.
Tennessee whiskey is unique largely by one process: charcoal filtering. The distilled liquor is filtered through sugar-maple charcoal before it’s aged.
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“It’s believed by many whiskey and food historians to have been brought in by slaves, who were already using charcoal to filter their water and purify their foods in West Africa,” reports NearestGreen.com.
Jack Daniels is the top-selling whiskey made in America and a globally recognized U.S. brand. (Jakub Porzycki/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Both Cowdery, the whiskey author, and Eddy, the company historian, dispute the African origins.
Regardless, Tennessee whiskey requires intricate science and craftsmanship on a level remarkable in the 1800s for what was essentially backwoods moonshining.
“I would consider Nearest a mentor for Jack … He was heavily influenced by Nearest in many ways.” — Nelson Eddy
Jack Daniel, the spirit namesake, appears to have learned it all from Nearest Green, according to distillery historian Eddy.
The two men developed a relationship deeper than just co-workers.
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“I would consider Nearest a mentor for Jack,” said Eddy. “I will tell you this, there was something more going on here. He was heavily influenced by Nearest in many ways.”
Green, known to play fiddle, reportedly fueled Daniel’s lifelong passion for music.
‘Bigger than whiskey’
Nathan Nearest Green died around 1890. His final resting place is unknown. No known picture of him exists.
But his impact is still felt around the world.
Nathan Nearest Green was an enslaved man who taught Jack Daniel how to make whiskey before the Civil War. Newly emancipated, he became the first master distiller for Jack Daniel’s Distillery when it opened in 1866. Members of his family have worked for the distillery since its founding including, from left, Jerome Vance, Debbie Staples (recently retired) and Jackie Hardin. (Courtesy Jack Daniel’s Distillery)
Jack Daniel’s charcoal-mellowed sour-mash Tennessee whiskey is a prized symbol of excellence in American spirit-craft around the world.
Green’s impact is most notably felt in Lynchburg. His family went on to become one of the biggest landowners in the region, according to Eddy.
“There has never been drop of Jack Daniel’s made without a member of the Green family working somewhere in the company.” — Charles K. Cowdery
Two of his descendants, Jerome Vance and Jackie Hardin, still work at the distillery today.
Another, Debbie Staples, recently retired.
“There has never been a drop of Jack Daniel’s made without a member of the Green family working somewhere in the company,” said whiskey historian Cowdery.
23 Febuary 2018, USA, Lynchburg: The old office beside the Jack Daniel’s cave on the grounds of the Jack Daniel’s distillery. (Photo by Kyle Dean Reinford/picture alliance via Getty Images)
Jack Daniel’s today is owned by international wine and spirits conglomerate Brown-Forman. It manages a vast complex of global trade, distribution and marketing logistics.
“It really is a huge company,” said Cowdery. “But at the distillery in Lynchburg, it really is local people working there for years. It has a very familial feel.”
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The relationship between Green and Daniel that made Tennessee whiskey an icon appears forged by a shared human bond: the struggles of orphan and slave.
Jack Daniel’s is the top-selling American whiskey. Its namesake learned to make Tennessee whiskey from enslaved distiller Nearest Green. (Getty Images/courtesy Jack Daniel’s Distillery)
“This story is bigger than whiskey,” said Eddy.
“It’s the story of the relationship between two men, the distillery and two families.”
To read more stories in this unique “Meet the American Who…” series from Fox News Digital, click here.
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Southeast
Former federal prosecutor in death row case speaks on Biden commuting murderer's sentence: 'My heart aches'
A former federal prosecutor in the case that sent a man to death row says it is difficult to see a “remorseless murderer” be relieved of his sentence following President Biden’s decision on Monday to commute nearly all federal inmates facing execution.
Brandon Council, of North Carolina, was sentenced to death by a federal jury on Oct. 3, 2019, after he was found guilty of killing two women who worked at a South Carolina bank during a robbery in 2017.
Council was one of the 37 convicted murderers who will now spend life in prison without parole after Biden reclassified their death sentences.
Derek Shoemake, former assistant U.S. attorney for the District of South Carolina and one of the federal prosecutors in the case against Council, told Fox News Digital it was “one of the greatest professional honors” of his life to pursue justice for victims Donna Major, 59, and Kathryn Skeen, 36, and his heart aches for their families following Biden’s decision.
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Donna Major, 59, and Kathryn (Katie) Skeen, 36, were killed in cold blood by Brandon Council while he robbed a South Carolina bank in 2017. (Derek Shoemake)
“Donna and Katie were amazing women, wonderful mothers, and beacons of light in their community. Today my thoughts and prayers are with their families, and my heart aches for them as they process this news,” Shoemake said in a statement.
He also said his thoughts and prayers are with the team who “worked for more than a year” getting justice for Major and Skeen, “ensuring a remorseless murderer received a sentence that spoke to the horrific nature of his senseless crimes.”
Brandon Council is one of 37 federal death row inmates who escaped execution following President Biden’s decision to commute their sentences. (DeathPenaltyInfo.org)
Council entered CresCom Bank in Conway, South Carolina, on Aug. 21, 2017, with the intention of robbing the business and killing its employees, according to a 2017 news release from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of South Carolina (USAO-SC).
After making it inside, Council shot Major, who was the bank teller, multiple times with a revolver, the USAO-SC said at the time. He then ran into Skeen’s office, where she worked as the bank’s manager, and shot her multiple times while she hid under her desk.
Before fleeing the bank, he stole keys to both victims’ cars, their bank cards and more than $15,000 in cash. He took one of the vehicles to a motel he was staying at, packed his luggage and drove off.
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“It is difficult to see a sentence wiped away from 400 miles away after it was legally imposed by a jury of men and women from South Carolina who spent weeks listening to evidence, deliberating, and carefully deciding the appropriate punishment,” Shoemake said.
He also said it hurts that the victims’ families “will celebrate yet another Christmas without their loved ones,” while Council is among the 37 federally convicted murderers “celebrating a political victory.”
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Most federal death row inmates were housed at the federal prison complex in Terre Haute, Indiana. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy, File)
Shoemake said his focus is not on the political debate surrounding Biden’s commutations, but on the “legacy of love, family, and faith” that Major and Skeen embodied.
“I pray for their families, as I so often do, and I pray for all the victims’ families impacted today,” he said.
In a White House statement announcing the commutations on Monday, Biden said he condemns the murderers and their “despicable acts,” and he grieves for the victims and families who have suffered “unimaginable and irreparable loss,” but he “cannot stand back and let a new administration resume executions that I halted.”
President Biden commuted the sentences of 37 of the 40 convicted murderers on federal death row, converting their punishments to life imprisonment. He left Tree of Life Synagogue shooter Robert Bowers (left), Charleston church shooter Dylann Roof (middle) and Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (right). (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, from left, Charleston County Sheriff’s Office, FBI via AP)
Only three inmates remain on federal death row as Biden’s presidency nears its end. They are Tree of Life Synagogue shooter Robert Bowers, Charleston church shooter Dylann Roof and Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.
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Southeast
Fani Willis' disqualification from Trump case has 'overwhelming' impact, legal expert says
George Washington University law professor Jonthan Turley said Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis was “wrong” to bring the Georgia election interference case against President-elect Trump after a Georgia court disqualified Willis and her team from prosecuting the case on Thursday.
GEORGIA APPEAL COURT DISQUALIFIES DA FANI WILLIS AND HER TEAM FROM TRUMP ELECTION INTERFERENCE CASE
JONATHAN TURLEY: The immediate impact of this decision is overwhelming in terms of Willis herself. I mean, this court is basically saying that these cases are not supposed to be sort of vanity projects. You know, you were told by the lower court that you created this appearance of impropriety and the question for the court is why you didn’t remove yourself. Many of us at the time said that most prosecutors would have seen that their continuation of the case was harming the case and harming the public interest. Willis simply refused to give up the ghost and insisted that she wanted to be the lead in this.
…
She was wrong to bring the case against Trump. You know, there are some viable claims here. You know, she charged some people with unlawful entry or access to restricted areas. Those are not particularly serious crimes, but they are crimes. She was wrong to go after Trump on this basis. She clearly wanted to engage in lawfare, and that’s one of the reasons why she wouldn’t give up the case. You know, when this issue was first raised, many of us wrote at the time that the correct move was to remove yourself. You selected a former lover as the lead counsel. That violated, in my view, core ethical requirements. He was ultimately disqualified by the court. But Judge McAfee gave her a chance to do the right thing. He said, look, this is your conduct is wrong here and you can remove yourself. Well, he was talking to the wrong person. She had no interest in removing herself. I mean, lawfare is only valuable if you’re the lead warrior, and she was not going to give up that position.
Fani Willis — the district attorney for Fulton County, Georgia — previously said the allegations brought against her of having an “improper” romantic relationship with special prosecutor Nathan Wade were made because she is Black. (Getty Images)
The court did not toss Trump’s indictment entirely, but Willis and the assistant DAs working in her office now have “no authority to proceed.”
“After carefully considering the trial court’s findings in its order, we conclude that it erred by failing to disqualify DA Willis and her office,” the filing states. “The remedy crafted by the trial court to prevent an ongoing appearance of impropriety did nothing to address the appearance of impropriety that existed at times when DA Willis was exercising her broad pretrial discretion about who to prosecute and what charges to bring.”
In an exclusive interview with Fox News Digital, Trump said the “whole case has been a disgrace to justice.”
“It was started by the Biden DOJ as an attack on his political opponent, Donald Trump,” he said, “They used anyone and anybody, and she has been disqualified, and her boyfriend has been disqualified, and they stole funds and went on trips.”
Trump said the case “should not be allowed to go any further.”
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Fox News’ Brooke Singman contributed to this report.
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Southeast
Fani Willis' reputation 'damaged' after disqualification from Trump case: Georgia reporter
Atlanta Journal-Constitution reporter Greg Bluestein told MSNBC on Thursday that Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis’s reputation was “damaged” after a court disqualified her and her office from prosecuting President-elect Donald Trump in the election interference case against him.
“Her reputation is damaged, right? This was an unforced error as we said earlier, and, you know, this was all of her own doing, and now it unravels or might unravel one of the signature cases, not just of her career, but in Georgia. It leaves her damaged and it will be interesting to see what case she tries to make when she is expected to appeal this to the Georgia Supreme Court,” Bluestein told MSNBC’s Ana Caberra when asked about what was next for Willis.
The Georgia Court of Appeals on Thursday disqualified Willis and her team from prosecuting Trump and co-defendants in her election interference case. The court did not toss the indictment but declared that Willis and her team now have “no authority to proceed.”
Bluestein noted that Willis had just won re-election in Georgia and that it wasn’t a surprise because Fulton County is a Democratic stronghold.
Reporter tells MSNBC Fani Willis’ reputation is damaged after she was disqualified from prosecuting the case against Trump. (Screenshot/MSNBC)
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“After carefully considering the trial court’s findings in its order, we conclude that it erred by failing to disqualify DA Willis and her office,” the filing states. “The remedy crafted by the trial court to prevent an ongoing appearance of impropriety did nothing to address the appearance of impropriety that existed at times when DA Willis was exercising her broad pretrial discretion about who to prosecute and what charges to bring.”
Bluestein said, “It is expected to be appealed to the Georgia Supreme Court, but this is a really decisive order against Fani Willis being able to continue this case.”
Willis, who was spearheading the sweeping prosection case against Trump, came under fire after she was accused in February of having an “improper” affair with special prosecutor Nathan Wade, whom she had hired to help prosecute the case.
Wade was ultimately forced to step down from the prosecution team.
Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis is seen in Atlanta. (Alyssa Pointer/Getty) (Alyssa Pointer)
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In an exclusive interview with Fox News Digital, Trump said the “whole case has been a disgrace to justice.”
Trump additionally said that the case “should not be allowed to go any further.”
Catherine Christian, a former assistant Manhattan district attorney, also weighed in on the disqualification on MSNBC.
“But usually appellate courts defer to the lower court, the trial judge, who fashioned a remedy. He said Nathan Wade, the man she was having an affair with, had to leave so the office could stay, and this court has said, nope. This court said that Judge MacAfee did not really appreciate that her decision-making wasn’t just the indictment. It was who to charge, how to charge it, and that’s at the time when this alleged romantic relationship was going on, and they said that also was one of the reasons why they think it’s more than an appearance of impropriety. It’s a conflict of interest, and not just her, the entire office is disqualified,” Christian said.
Fox News Digital reached out to Fani Willis’ office for comment.
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