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75 years ago, Texas City Disaster devastated a community in the deadliest US industrial accident ever

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75 years ago, Texas City Disaster devastated a community in the deadliest US industrial accident ever


EDITOR’S NOTE: This text was written by former staffer Susan Carroll and was initially revealed in 2016. Saturday marks the seventy fifth anniversary of the 1947 Texas Metropolis Catastrophe, the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. historical past. To honor the 581 victims, a memorial service will probably be held at 9 a.m. on Saturday April 16 at Memorial Park in Texas Metropolis. The ceremony will transfer to Doyle Conference Middle within the occasion of rain. 

They ate breakfast and gave their 6-month-old son, Kent, a bottle in his crib. Then they went exterior to look at smoke rise from the French freighter SS Grandcamp docked within the city’s port, alongside the west shore of Galveston Bay.

Fred Jr.’s father, Fred Sr., labored on the Monsanto Chemical Co., about 300 toes from the docks.

The couple and Fred Jr.’s mom received into their Oldsmobile with Kent and headed towards the orange smoke.

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They have been a couple of soccer subject away when the ship, carrying ammonium nitrate, exploded.

“Fred,” Yvonne Atwood remembers her mother-in-law saying, “begin this automotive and get us away from right here.”

The Houston Chronicle described the devastation in Texas Metropolis, 40 miles south of Houston, within the subsequent day’s version: “The wartime increase city of Texas Metropolis lay in warlike devastation Thursday.”

Texas Metropolis Catastrophe 1947

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The demise toll finally reached 576, together with the lacking. All however one member of the Texas Metropolis Hearth Division died.

The Texas Division of Public Security counts it because the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. historical past.

The explosion despatched a fireball into the sky, shrapnel throughout city and broken or destroyed greater than 1,000 buildings.

“A younger mom, wounded and with blood streaming down her face, roamed the streets, clutching a small child in her arms,” the Chronicle article mentioned. “The child was lifeless. The mom didn’t appear to comprehend it, for she violently fought off all makes an attempt to take the newborn from her.”

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Houston Chronicle front page - April 20, 1947 - section 1, page 1

Houston Chronicle entrance web page – April 20, 1947 – part 1, web page 1

The blast blew out Fred Jr.’s automotive window and dented the roof. Kent received a sliver of glass behind his head, recalled Yvonne Atwood, now 90.

The household drove again to their residence on Seventh Avenue, the place home windows had damaged out, Yvonne Atwood mentioned. An enormous piece of glass was in Kent’s crib.

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Jewel Turner, 90, remembers driving via downtown along with her uncle and daughter that day and seeing ambulances and “lifeless our bodies in all places.”

“It was identical to charcoal, identical to it had burned up,” she mentioned. “We actually thought it was the final. We thought it was Judgment Day.”

Jewel Turner, who survived the 1947 Texas City Disaster, in her home Monday, June 6, 2016 in Texas City. ( Michael Ciaglo / Houston Chronicle )

Jewel Turner, who survived the 1947 Texas Metropolis Catastrophe, in her residence Monday, June 6, 2016 in Texas Metropolis. ( Michael Ciaglo / Houston Chronicle )

Michael Ciaglo/Employees

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Fred Jr. regarded for his father at clinics and first assist stations, however could not discover him.

The explosion ignited a fireplace on the SS Excessive Flyer, one other ship loaded with ammonium nitrate, used to make dynamite and fertilizer. Practically everybody was evacuated, and the Flyer was towed about 100 toes from the docks earlier than it exploded.

04/17/1947 - The names of the identified dead are listed on blackboards outside the makeshift emergency morgue at the Texas City high school gymnasium.
04/17/1947 – The names of the recognized lifeless are listed on blackboards exterior the makeshift emergency morgue on the Texas Metropolis highschool gymnasium.Maurice Miller/HP employees

Later that day, Texas Metropolis officers opened the doorways of the Central Excessive College gymnasium, the place 189 our bodies have been specified by six lengthy rows, and “bade Texas Citians to enter and start the heart-rendering job of placing a reputation to the anonymous ones,” the newspaper reported.

The Chronicle featured a photograph of a younger mom crying and being supported by two males as she walked out of the health club after figuring out her husband. “Oh, God, how can I inform my child,” the newspaper quoted her as crying.

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Fred Jr. discovered his father, who had been on the pier when the ship exploded.

“It blew all his garments off besides his belt and his pocket watch,” mentioned Yvonne Atwood.

Two days after the blast, greater than 1,000 folks attended a memorial service on the gymnasium. Assist for Texas Metropolis poured in from throughout the nation. Celebrities, together with Frank Sinatra and Jack Benny, carried out in fundraisers.

The Coast Guard opened an inquiry into the blast. Officers spent months attempting to determine all of the our bodies. The newspaper carried descriptions of the belongings discovered together with the stays: “Physique 343, fragment blue-grey shirt, Herringbone weave, fragments of blue overalls, tan leather-based jacket and white ribbed undershirt.”

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“Physique 391, man’s marriage ceremony ring, plain yellow-gold band, belt buckle and screw-type roofing nail.”

In June 1947, the 63 our bodies that remained unidentified have been buried in a metropolis park throughout a mass funeral service.

The accident prompted greater than 3,000 lawsuits in opposition to the federal authorities, as a result of the ammonium nitrate got here from U.S. ordnance vegetation. Congress resolved the lawsuits in 1955 by passing a particular act that settled all claims for $16.5 million.

The accident additionally resulted in new laws for the manufacturing and transport of chemical substances. The principles required specialised containers for ammonium nitrate and prohibited its storage close to different reactive substances.

Nonetheless, 69 years later, the U.S. authorities is grappling with ammonium nitrate regulation.

Security advocates referred to as for the Environmental Safety Company so as to add it to its listing of harmful chemical substances that require firms to take larger security measures after an explosion in West, Texas, in 2013 killed 15 folks and injured 160.

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However the company didn’t add ammonium nitrate when it launched proposed reforms earlier this yr.

Turner, who was 19 when the SS Grandcamp exploded, mentioned she drives previous the memorial for the unidentified victims of the catastrophe as soon as every week, and it at all times brings again recollections.

She remembers being struck by the fantastic thing about the smoke earlier than the explosion.

“It was so many fairly colours,” she mentioned. “You simply could not describe it.”

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She remembers holding her 8-month-old daughter as she surveyed the charred stays of downtown.

“It was a horrible sight. Individuals screaming, packing little infants. They did not know the place to go,” she mentioned. “It was simply turmoil.”

She nonetheless thinks about it each day, she mentioned.

“You lay there and take into consideration how good God was to deliver you thru it,” she mentioned. “It might have killed me, too.”

Yvonne Atwood mentioned Fred Jr., who labored in a Texas Metropolis refinery most of his life, died of most cancers in 2006.

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He was buried in Hitchcock, in the identical cemetery as his father.

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jewel Turner handed away in 2017, and Yvonne Atwood handed away in 2021, per obituaries within the Galveston County Every day Information. 



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Texas AG sues Dallas for decriminalizing marijuana

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Texas AG sues Dallas for decriminalizing marijuana


Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton announced a lawsuit Thursday targeting the blue city of Dallas over a ballot measure that decriminalizes marijuana.

Paxton alleges that Proposition R, which “prohibits the Dallas Police Department from making arrests or issuing citations for marijuana possession or considering the odor of marijuana as probable cause for search or seizure,” violates state law.

The attorney general argues in the lawsuit that the ballot measure is preempted by Texas law, which criminalizes the possession and distribution of marijuana. Paxton also claims the Texas Constitution prohibits municipalities from adopting an ordinance that conflicts with laws enacted by the state legislature.

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Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton speaks outside the U.S. Supreme Court on November 01, 2021 in Washington, DC. (Drew Angerer/Getty Images)

“Cities cannot pick and choose which State laws they follow,” Paxton said in a statement. “The City of Dallas has no authority to override Texas drug laws or prohibit the police from enforcing them.”

Paxton called the ballot measure “a backdoor attempt to violate the Texas Constitution” and threatened to sue any other city that “tries to constrain police in this fashion.” 

WHAT ARE THE TOP RISKS OF MARIJUANA USE?

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A flower bud of marijuana.  (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit, File)

The lawsuit comes after interim Dallas Police Department Chief Michael Igo directed Dallas police officers not to enforce marijuana laws against those found to be in possession of less than 4 ounces. 

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Ground Game Texas, a progressive nonprofit group that campaigned in favor of the ballot measure, argued it would help “keep people out of jail for marijuana possession,” “reduce racially biased policing” and “save millions in public funding.” 

TEXAS AG PAXTON FILES CRIMINAL REFERRAL AGAINST DOJ FROM ‘SUSPICIOUS DONATIONS’ THROUGH DEMOCRATIC GROUP

marijuana plant

A mature marijuana plant begins to bloom under artificial lights at Loving Kindness Farms in Gardena, Calif., May 20, 2019. Paxton has sued the city of Dallas over a ballot measure that decriminalized possession of small amounts of marijuana.  (AP Photo/Richard Vogel)

“It’s unfortunate but not surprising that Attorney General Ken Paxton has apparently chosen to waste everyone’s time and money by filing yet another baseless lawsuit against marijuana decriminalization,” said Catina Voellinger, executive director for Ground Game Texas.

“Judges in Travis and Hays counties have already dismissed identical lawsuits filed there. The Dallas Freedom Act was overwhelmingly approved by 67% of voters — this is democracy in action.”

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Since January 2024, Paxton has filed lawsuits against five Texas cities that decriminalized marijuana possession, arguing these policies promote crime, drug abuse and violence. 



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Tre Johnson, Texas Longhorns Scrape Past Saint Joseph’s to Win Legends Classic

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Tre Johnson, Texas Longhorns Scrape Past Saint Joseph’s to Win Legends Classic


The Texas Longhorns are heading back to Austin with some early-season tournament hardware in hand.

Tre Johnson battled through another poor shooting night but closed the game out for Texas once again, scoring a game-high 17 points to lead the Longhorns to a 67-58 win over Saint Joseph’s at the Legends Classic championship round in Brooklyn Friday night.

Transfer guard Julian Larry sparked the Longhorns late, scoring all 12 of his points in the second half. Arthur Kaluma added 14 points, four rebounds and four assists while Kadin Shedrick had 10 points and six rebounds.

The Hawks were led by Rasheer Fleming, who stuffed the stat sheet with 16 points, 20 rebounds, three assists, two blocks and three steals. Xzayvier Brown added 15 points on 4 of 7 shooting.

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The Longhorns jumped out to an 11-6 lead after seven early points from Kaluma. St. Joe’s started out cold from the field but controlled the game with hard-nosed defense and the occasional press while dominating the offensive glass. This was highlighted by a possession where the Hawks got four consecutive offensive rebounds but only scored one point as a result.

Johnson stayed aggressive on offense for Texas but was off on his shot and was impacted by the on-ball defense of St. Joe’s.

Mark, Pope and Johnson all hit a triple for Texas in about a two-minute span ahead of halftime to give the Longhorns their biggest lead at 32-26 but the Hawks responded with a free throw from Haskins 3-pointer from Brown before halftime to cut the lead to 32-30.

The defense from the Hawks ramped up even more, as the Longhorns were stuck in the mud on offense and had little to no ball movement. St. Joe’s was hardly much better, but its defense continued to set the tone and eventually swung the momentum.

Larry then hit back-to-back triples as the two teams traded buckets on five straight possessions. Consecutive dunks from Ajogbor and Fleming but the Hawks in front 50-46 with 8:25 to play, but Larry continued to take over. He hit 1,000 career points with a driving layup before finding Kaluma for a corner triple to put Texas back in front at 51-50.

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It didn’t stop there for Larry, who found a cutting Shedrick for a dunk before diving on a loose ball down at the other end to secure possession for Texas, which had built a 55-52 lead with 3:13 left. The Longhorns used the momentum to put together an 8-0 run, which essentially sealed the win in a game where scoring felt hard to come by.

Johnson then closed the game out with six points in the final 4:11 of action, including a pullup jumper at the foul line to put Texas up 63-55 with 1:19 left.

Texas will host Delaware State on Nov. 29.

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UT System’s free tuition plan sparks resistance from some Texas lawmakers

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UT System’s free tuition plan sparks resistance from some Texas lawmakers


WASHINGTON — State Rep. Brian Harrison, R-Midlothian, said Friday he plans to meet with top University of Texas System officials after they announced a plan to provide free tuition and waived fees to students whose families make $100,000 or less.

While many elected officials have praised the initiative, Harrison criticized it as an “abuse of power” that makes Texas higher education “more socialist than California.”

Harrison said Friday he’s unswayed by statements from the system and supporters who say the move will be funded from university endowments, not taxpayers.

Harrison compared such statements to someone saying they’re removing water from the shallow side of a pool, not the deep end. It’s all the same water.

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“Money is fungible, so that doesn’t satisfy me in the slightest,” Harrison said.

‘Game changer’: UT System announces free tuition for qualifying Texas families

The new initiative is an expansion of the Promise Plus Program, a needs-based financial aid initiative, and comes amid widespread concerns about the impact of inflation and college costs on families. Gov. Greg Abbott recently prohibited Texas colleges and universities from raising tuition for the next two years.

UT System Chancellor James B. Milliken hailed the expansion as a “game changer” that will make “enormous, real difference” to improve college access for all Texans.

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Not everyone is a fan.

Harrison and like-minded House colleagues have compared it to President Joe Biden’s student loan forgiveness plan that drew intense blowback from conservatives and was largely struck down by the courts. They also said such a consequential change in policy should come from the elected lawmakers serving in the Legislature.

“There must be consequences,” Harrison said on X. “UT’s budget must be cut, and bureaucrats should be fired.”

He led 10 Republican lawmakers, most of them incoming freshmen, in a letter to the regents demanding answers to a litany of questions, including the price tag of the expansion and the source of that money.

“What specific statutory authority did the regents rely on to make a decision this consequential, which will have direct financial consequences for our constituents, many of whom are already struggling to put gas in their tanks and food on their tables?” the lawmakers wrote.

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UT System spokesman Paul Corliss has said the program is not funded through taxes or any kind of public subsidy.

“Rather it is funded through existing UT System endowments,” Corliss said.

What to know about qualifying for free tuition at UT System schools

Rep. Donna Howard, D-Austin, hammered that point in a response to Harrison on social media.

“There are no tax dollars involved,” Howard said on X. “Higher Ed institutions are already helping families afford college. This expands philanthropic endowments and helps meet affordability goals of [Abbott and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board].”

Harrison and his colleagues will have to contend with many members of the public embracing a plan that already is encouraging young people to adjust their higher education aspirations.

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Frank Whitefeather, a high school senior, stayed up until 2:30 a.m. Friday working on his college application essay.

He was freshly motivated after the announcement that students whose families make less than $100,000 annually will get free tuition and waived fees at the University of Texas at Austin and other schools in the UT System.

“I wouldn’t be in debt,” said Whitefeather, 17. “I wouldn’t have to have student loans.”

Could free tuition from the UT System impact the competition for Texas college students?

Whitefeather, who attends Dallas ISD’s Sunset High School, thinks the UT news also could change many of his peers’ lives. It’s already changing his plans. Whitefeather hopes to study engineering and be his own boss one day. Texas A&M and UT Austin were his top two choices, but the free tuition announcement has pushed UT ahead.

Harrison said the university system is being contradictory by simultaneously saying it has enough money to offer tuition-free education, but also that a tuition freeze could leave it cash strapped and require more funding from the Legislature.

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“I guarantee you they’re going to be requesting more tax money from the Legislature next session,” he said.



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