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Tennessee legislature: What lawmakers have and haven’t done so far in 2025

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Tennessee legislature: What lawmakers have and haven’t done so far in 2025



Lawmakers have passed bills protecting victims of illegal photography, banning cellphones in classrooms, and creating a private school voucher program.

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  • The Tennessee General Assembly is roughly eight weeks into its 2025 legislative session.
  • Lawmakers are pushing to conclude their session sometime in April.

It’s been eight weeks since Tennessee lawmakers returned to Nashville for this year’s legislative session.

Early days of the proceedings were tied up in a special legislative session that focused on a statewide school voucher program, approving some new state funding for victims of Hurricane Helene, and taking new steps toward state immigration enforcement.

With another month, at least, before adjournment, here’s what lawmakers have — and have not yet — done on Capitol Hill. 

Want to contact your state representative or senator to give feedback on a bill? Find the legislator who represents you and their contact information here.

What they’ve passed

Offered new protection for victims of unlawful photography: Following advocacy by a group of Nashville women who joined forces after they were secretly filmed by an ex-boyfriend, lawmakers passed the Voyeurism Victims Act, which will extend the statute of limitations in unlawful photography cases, and allow victims to petition for an order of protection. The bill awaits the governor’s signature. 

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Banned cellphones during school instructional time: Lawmakers gave final approval to a bill requiring all Tennessee school districts ban the use of cellphones, laptops, smart watches and other devices during instructional time. It’s now on its way to Gov. Bill Lee’s desk. While many school districts already have such policies in place, the bill requires each district to develop and implement policies restricting the use of any wireless communication devices during instructional time. Districts are required to allow students to access and use devices in emergency situations so they can contact their parents. The bill also requires districts to make exceptions for students with disabilities and special learning needs. 

Approved funding for Helene victims: Lawmakers voted during the special session to establish a disaster emergency response fund and send millions in aid to East Tennessee communities impacted by flooding from Hurricane Helene last year that killed at least 17 Tennesseans. Included in the relief is $100 million for a disaster response program, suspension of unemployment eligibility requirements for impacted residents, and funding to cover 2024 property taxes for residents whose property was destroyed or damaged by the storm. Democrats framed the aid as too little, too late. 

A statewide private school voucher program: One of the earliest bills passed this year was a $447 million statewide school choice program, offering state-funded scholarships for children of any income to attend private schools, regardless of where they live. The legislation was a top priority of Lee since he first ran for office, and the administration is working to implement the program in time for the 2025-26 school year. 

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Created new state immigration enforcement czar, office: During the special legislative session, Republicans passed a bill to establish a new, $5 million central state immigration enforcement office, and change the design for legal resident immigrants’ driver’s licenses to differentiate them from U.S. citizens. The bill also criminalizes local officials who vote in support of sanctuary policies for immigrants. Records related to the new state office are largely exempt from the state public records statute. 

What they’re considering

Requiring schools to check students’ immigration status: Lawmakers are considering a controversial measure that would allow Tennessee schools to block undocumented children from enrolling, or charge them tuition for public education — a direct effort to challenge U.S. Supreme Court decision Plyler v. Doe. The measure has seen stringent opposition from immigrant rights advocates, who argue that all children deserve to learn, and immigrants without legal status are still fully contributing to school funding through sales tax purchases, since state has no income tax. Proponents have said the bill is aimed at cracking down on “illegal immigration.”

Making Tennessee driver’s license tests English-only: Legislation seeking to require all driver’s license tests to be offered in English only — and ban dictionaries and other translation help — is set for hearings in both chambers this week. English is designated as the official language of Tennessee, but there is currently no restriction on offering public documents in other languages. The new bill would also ban the use of aids such translation dictionaries, electronic devices or interpreters during the exams. Currently, written driver’s license tests in Tennessee are offered in English, Spanish, German, Korean and Japanese. Driving tests are offered in English only. Immigrant rights groups have denounced the bill as a “regressive” bill that could compromise road safety. 

Making juvenile records of deceased school shooters public: Following the deadly shooting at Antioch High School in Nashville, lawmakers are considering making public the juvenile records of court proceedings, mental health records, and interactions with the Department of Children’s Services if a minor commits a school shooting and later dies. A homicide conviction would not be required to make the records public. State law currently requires the records to remain confidential to protect youth offenders, but proponents say making them public in this instance could help identify issues and circumstances that led to the attack ― and inform prevention strategies.

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Protecting access for IVF, contraception: After voting down a bill last year to protect access to fertility care and contraceptives amid national tension around in-vitro fertilization, GOP lawmakers are now behind a bill to explicitly clarify that nothing in state law prohibits access to fertility treatments or contraception, and individuals have a right to engage in both. Legal implications of Tennessee’s abortion ban on continued access to contraception and IVF care arose following a controversial Alabama Supreme Court ruling last year that offered frozen embryos created through in-vitro fertilization the same rights as fully-developed children.

Excluding soda, candy from SNAP: Lawmakers are considering seeking federal approval to exclude candy and soft drinks from Tennessee’s food aid program, following initiatives of the Trump administration in an effort to “Make America Healthy Again.” Soda is one of the most frequently bought commodities in the SNAP program nationwide, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and about 11% of dollars nationwide are used to purchase sweetened beverages and candy alone. There were more than 702,000 participants in Tennessee’s SNAP program last year. House Republicans approved the bill earlier this month, and it is set to be considered in a Senate committee this week. 

Requiring overnight school facilities to segregate based on biological sex: A bill seeking to require residential educational programs to segregate restrooms and locker rooms based on “immutable biological sex” is set for a final House vote this week, and will likely see a final vote in the Senate as well. Sponsor Rep. Gino Bulso, R-Brentwood, says the bill is an effort to protect girls’ privacy. Democrats have framed the measure as an attack on the LGBTQ+ community. State law already bars transgender students from accessing sex-based multi-use restrooms and changing facilities, instead requiring schools to offer another “reasonable accommodation” to transgender students and school staff.

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Instituting a 10% vape tax: A bill imposing restrictions on what vape products can be sold in Tennessee – and a 10% sales tax on such products – is quickly moving forward. The bill would require FDA approval before products like vape pens, vape molds, cig-a-likes, and pod mods are sold. An estimated 400,000 people in Tennessee regularly use vaping devices, and Tennessee is one of about 20 states that does not currently tax such products. The bill sponsor says it’s an effort to curb the sale of illegal and potentially dangerous Chinese vape products. But vape shop owners say it’s an attack on their industry backed by big tobacco. 

Renaming BNA “Trump International Airport”: A bill seeking to rename Nashville International Airport after President Donald Trump is moving forward again after stalling due to concern over a $10.3 million price tag. The legislation is up for hearings in both chambers this week. 

Establishing a $25 million farmland conservation fund: Legislation backed by the governor seeking to establish a $25 million fund to offer financial incentives for farmers who voluntarily place their land into a privately-managed conservation easement has passed the Senate, and is awaiting consideration in the House. The bill easily passed the House last year. Tennessee loses about 10 acres of farmland every hour to development. The fund is aimed at offering an alternative to farmers facing unpredictable markets and pressure to sell their land. 

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The state budget: With state revenues flattening this year, lawmakers will face some tough spending choices as they consider the state budget. Lee’s $58.4 billion budget proposal includes $1 billion in one-time spending to chip away at the state’s $30 billion in outstanding road projects, funding for 100 more state trooper positions, $579.3 million in new funding for public schools, and no new tax cuts or tax holidays for consumers. 

Melissa Brown contributed. 

Vivian Jones covers state government and politics for The Tennessean. Reach her at vjones@tennessean.com



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‘I was horrified’: Parents describe inappropriate interactions on Roblox, Tennessee AG files lawsuit against the company

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‘I was horrified’: Parents describe inappropriate interactions on Roblox, Tennessee AG files lawsuit against the company


NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) – When Savannah Bishop’s 13-year-old got into Roblox, it seemed innocent enough to her.

“The game itself, it’s a pretty cool interface,” Bishop said. “They can go in, and they can play all sorts of little sub games, and some of them are very innocent. The one that my kid was into at the time was pretending you’re a pizza delivery driver.”

But she started hearing some concerning things about the online gaming platform, so she sat down with her son to take a look for herself.

“It took maybe 10 minutes or so for the first obvious adult to be questioning me about things like where I went to school and what kind of stuff I was into, and if I had any other apps, you know, they try to get you on stuff like Telegram or WhatsApp, Snapchat,” she said.

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Bishop was logged into her child’s account which she says was clearly marked as belonging to a 13-year-old boy. As she explored the game even more, she says the messages she saw shocked her.

“I was absolutely horrified,” she said. “They were discussing the possibility, right off the bat, of doing pretty lewd sexual acts with a profile that’s marked as a child. There was another one that had a profile that was marked as, I believe, a 14-year-old girl, but it obviously wasn’t because then ‘she’ started talking about, you know, her size and if she was going to be able to drive to meet my child.”

She kept searching only to find sub-games, called “experiences” in the app, with lewd theming and tasks she found inappropriate.

“They’re able, they’re encouraged, in fact, to perform sexual acts,” Bishop said. “They’re encouraged to commit crimes. Like some will say, ‘If you can steal this person’s wallet, then you’ll get so many points,’ you know, or ‘If you can beat up this this old lady…’”

Bishop says she reported the chats to Roblox, but never heard anything back.

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“I just don’t feel like they’ve tried hard enough to circumvent them, because I did report all of the users that were interacting with my child in a way that wasn’t appropriate. Nothing came of it.”

The lawsuit

It’s stories like this that sparked Tennessee Attorney General Jonathan Skrmetti to file a lawsuit against Roblox, claiming that the company’s “deceptive and unfair business practices” are putting Tennessee kids at risk.

“Roblox is the digital equivalent of a creepy cargo van lingering at the edge of a playground,” Skrmetti said in a press release announcing the filing.

The lawsuit, filed this week, claims the game creates an environment where predators can “readily hunt, groom and sexually exploit minors.” It argues the company is violating the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977 by marketing itself as safe for kids despite numerous examples of child endangerment on the platform.

The lawsuit lays out the game’s reach, averaging 151.5 million daily active users in the third quarter of 2025, up 50 percent from the same time last year. According to the filing, over two thirds of the game’s daily users are under the age of 16.

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It also details several “experiences” on the app that are accessible to children, including virtual strip clubs, sex rooms, and ones titled “Escape to Epstein Island” and “Diddy Party.” Other available mini games include some with racist messaging and one that simulates a mass shooting in a hospital.

The lawsuit acknowledges multiple restrictions imposed by Roblox in 2024 in an attempt to prevent children from seeing inappropriate content on the game, but argues the restrictions are easy for kids to get around.

Plus, it argues that because the game has virtually no age verification policies, it’s easy for kids to lie about how old they are.

The AG’s office is working with J. Gerard Stranch, IV, a founding and managing member of the Nashville-based firm Stranch, Jennings & Garvey, PLLC, to prosecute.

“We are proud to stand with the Attorney General in this fight to protect Tennessee families,” Stranch said. “Roblox has had nearly 20 years to fix these obvious safety flaws. Instead, they have chosen to profit from a system that monetizes the very interactions that put children at risk by ignoring these very serious flaws in the platform.”

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Roblox responds

Roblox’s Chief Safety Officer Matt Kauffman responded to the lawsuit in a statement, saying it “fundamentally misrepresents” the game.

“This lawsuit fundamentally misrepresents Roblox and how it works. Roblox is built with safety at its core, and we continue to evolve and strengthen our protections every day. We have advanced safeguards that monitor our platform for harmful content and communications. Users cannot send or receive images via chat, eliminating one of the most prevalent opportunities for misuse seen elsewhere online. Safety is a constant and consistent focus of our work, and we are currently rolling out additional measures to further limit who users can chat with. We take swift action against anyone found to violate our safety rules and work closely with law enforcement to support investigations and help hold bad actors accountable.

As a dad, I know there is no finish line when it comes to protecting kids, and while no system can be perfect, our commitment to safety never ends. Parents can visit our Safety Center to learn more about our safety work and ways to keep their children safe online: roblox.com/safetycenter.”

The company said that it has multiple safety measures in place and that its policies are purposefully stricter than other social networks and user-generated content platforms.

It also said Roblox does not allow image sharing in the chat feature, which is also subject to filters that are designed to block personal information sharing.

“We constantly monitor communication for critical harms and swiftly remove violative content when detected and work closely with law enforcement,” Roblox said.

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Additionally, Roblox said it recognizes the wide-spread issue of age verification, and that it recently announced that the company would be rolling out age estimation technology globally by the end of the year.

“Roblox works closely with law enforcement, government agencies, mental health organizations, and parental advocacy groups to create resources for parents and to keep users safe on the platform,” the company said. “For example, we maintain direct communication channels with organizations, such as the FBI and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), for immediate escalation of serious threats that we identify.”

Protecting your kids online

In 2025, the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation’s Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force received more than 21,000 cyber tips from social media companies.

“A lot of people hear that word cyber tip and they just think, ‘Oh, it’s just a tip,’” said Assistant Special Agent in Charge of the task force Robert Burghardt. “These are actually cases of either children and or subjects in the state of Tennessee that are either being harmed and or are harming other children.”

He says the biggest concern for parents should be online communication and chatting apps.

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“Any social media app or platform out there where you can communicate, then a child is potentially in danger of being harmed,” Burghardt said. “These people know what to say to kids. There’s scripts out there that tell what to say for certain age groups.”

Burghardt travels to schools across the state talking to children about the dangers of online chatting.

“Pretty much every school that I’ve talked to, there’s either a child that gets up and leaves crying, and or comes to me afterwards saying, ‘Hey, this is happening to me,’” he said. “They just don’t know. They just feel alone. A lot of times they feel trapped. They keep it inside, because the last thing they want to do is go and tell their parents.”

Burghardt says predators often find kids on gaming apps like Roblox or Fortnite and convince them to start messaging on other apps with less restrictions like Snapchat or Discord.

He says the conversations can devolve into sending and receiving inappropriate images, and AI is only making things more complicated.

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“With just one click, all of a sudden turn that innocent photo of the child into a nude photograph, send that to that child and say, ‘Hey, we have your nude. You might as well send us more or give us money,’” Burghardt said. “Unfortunately, we deal with the suicides with sextortion among kids. To them, it’s the scariest and the worst time of their life. Knowing that their images are possibly out there, you know, being shared forever.”

To protect your kids, Burghardt recommends eliminating or seriously limiting the online chatting availability to your kids. Many social media and gaming apps, including Roblox, have parental controls that allow you to disable chatting functions.

He also says it’s important to always know what your kids are doing on their devices.

“These social media companies know exactly what your kids are doing online all the time, so why can’t you as a parent?” he said. “You have that power. You can take that phone.”

After what she saw on Roblox, Bishop now only allows her kids to play the game on a shared device with direct adult supervision.

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“Their friends are getting to play it, and it really sucks as a parent because you don’t want your child to be othered or feel left out,” Bishop said. “I always tell my kids, too, ‘I’m not judging you because I have no idea how I would have handled it if this type of technology had been available when I was a teenager.’ I try to approach it as me and them against the dangers and against the problem rather than me against them as the problem.”



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Jelly Roll granted pardon by Tennessee governor in Christmas season clemency decision

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Jelly Roll granted pardon by Tennessee governor in Christmas season clemency decision


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Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee pardoned country star Jelly Roll on Thursday, clearing the Nashville native’s felony convictions in the state. 

“His story is remarkable, and it’s a redemptive, powerful story, which is what you look for and what you hope for,” Lee told local reporters, according to The Associated Press. 

Lee and Jelly Roll shared a hug in front of a lit Christmas tree and a fireplace decorated with holiday garlands.

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JELLY ROLL UNVEILS DRAMATIC TRANSFORMATION WITHOUT SIGNATURE BEARD AFTER WEIGHT LOSS

Gov. Bill Lee, left, giving country musician Jelly Roll news of his official pardon Thursday, Dec. 18, 2025, at the Tennessee Governor’s Mansion in Oak Hill, Tenn. (Brandon Hull/Office of Gov. Bill Lee via AP)

The Grammy-nominated artist was one of 33 people to receive pardons from Lee, who for years has issued clemency decisions around the Christmas season. 

State officials said Jelly Roll’s request underwent the same months-long thorough review as those of other applicants, with the Tennessee Board of Parole issuing a nonbinding, unanimous recommendation in April.

Jelly Roll’s criminal record includes robbery and drug-related felony convictions.

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Lee and Jelly Roll shared a hug in front of a lit Christmas tree and a fireplace decorated with holiday garlands. (Brandon Hull/Office of Gov. Bill Lee via AP)

He has said receiving a pardon would make it easier to travel internationally for concert tours and to perform Christian missionary work without having to navigate extensive paperwork tied to his past convictions.

Friends and civic leaders rallied behind the musician in an outpouring of support for his application, underscoring how far he has come since serving time behind bars.

Lee said he had never met Jelly Roll until Thursday, when the artist visited the governor’s mansion following the pardon announcement.

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Unlike some recent high-profile federal pardons that have freed inmates from prison, Tennessee’s pardon process is about forgiveness, not release. It applies only after a sentence has been served and can help restore certain civil rights, including the right to vote, though limits remain, and the governor controls the terms.

Jelly Roll, whose legal name is Jason DeFord, is seen speaking to inmates at the Davidson County Sheriff’s Office Annex in Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 25, 2025. (Reginald Scott/Nashville-Davidson County Sheriff’s Office via AP)

Jelly Roll previously testified before the U.S. Senate about the dangers of fentanyl, describing his drug-dealing younger self as “the uneducated man in the kitchen playing chemist with drugs I knew absolutely nothing about.”

“I was a part of the problem,” he told lawmakers at the time. “I am here now standing as a man that wants to be a part of the solution.”

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In the 2023 documentary “Jelly Roll: Save Me,” he revealed he’s been to jail about 40 times for various offenses. His most serious charge came when he was 16, for aggravated robbery and possession with intent to sell. Jelly Roll was tried as an adult and faced up to 20 years in prison but ended up serving a little more than a year, and seven years of probation.

Fox News Digital has reached out to Jelly Roll and Gov. Lee for comment.

The Associated Press contributed to this report. 

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Tennessee attorney general files lawsuit against Roblox

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Tennessee attorney general files lawsuit against Roblox


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