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North Carolina Environmental Regulators at War Over Water Rules for “Forever Chemicals” – Inside Climate News

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North Carolina Environmental Regulators at War Over Water Rules for “Forever Chemicals” – Inside Climate News


The North Carolina Chamber of Commerce has privately leaned on the state’s powerful Environmental Management Commission to delay critical PFAS rules, emails obtained under state public records law show, including providing members with the résumé of a scientist who has downplayed the toxicity of the compounds.

At the same time, a crisis involving these “forever chemicals” emerged in rural Randolph County, where drinking water at an elementary school contained the compounds far above federal limits. The school’s groundwater is contaminated, among the issues the proposed rules are meant to address.

North Carolina became one of the nation’s hotspots for the compounds in 2017, when state regulators discovered chemical company Chemours had been discharging a type called GenX into the Cape Fear River, a major drinking water supply. 

More than 300 water systems in North Carolina, serving an estimated 3.4 million people—a third of the state’s population—provide drinking water that contains levels of PFAS above federal limits, according to the state Department of Environmental Quality. These include homes, schools, child care centers and mobile home parks.

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Most of the public utilities source their drinking water from groundwater; the rest tap into lakes and rivers.

The Haw River, the drinking water supply for Pittsboro, feeds into Jordan Lake, a drinking water source for more than 700,000 people in central North Carolina. Both water bodies have been contaminated with “forever chemicals” from industries upstream. Credit: Lisa Sorg/Inside Climate News
The Haw River, the drinking water supply for Pittsboro, feeds into Jordan Lake, a drinking water source for more than 700,000 people in central North Carolina. Both water bodies have been contaminated with “forever chemicals” from industries upstream. Credit: Lisa Sorg/Inside Climate News

The drinking water for another 200,000 people who rely on private wells is also contaminated with PFAS at concentrations above the legal limit, DEQ figures show.

Alarmed by the toxicity and pervasiveness of the compounds, DEQ now wants to regulate eight PFAS compounds in surface water and groundwater in hopes of reducing levels before they flow from household taps.

Rulemaking requires several steps, including a public comment period and approval by the EMC before going into effect. The PFAS rules, introduced by DEQ in November, are stuck in an early phase of the process as they await votes from EMC committees.

Members of the public, including managers of downstream water treatment plants, have pleaded with the EMC to make progress. Some conservative EMC members have attributed delays to DEQ. They say the commission’s water quality and groundwater committees haven’t received a full analysis of the rules’ fiscal impacts.

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DEQ has given more than a half-dozen presentations to the EMC about the proposal since last year. The agency provided the EMC with a 72-page draft of the fiscal impacts of surface water rules in May. But the final version wasn’t delivered until July and ran 214 pages.

“We want to get the regulatory impact analysis as right as we can before it goes to the full commission and the public,” EMC Chairman J.D. Solomon told Inside Climate News, “so we can get good, meaningful comments back from the public.”

On March 27, Solomon, appointed by GOP House Speaker Tim Moore, spoke to the chamber’s environmental committee. Solomon told Inside Climate News this week that he discussed the EMC’s accomplishments over the past year. The topic of PFAS did come up, Solomon said, but none of the attendees asked for a delay.

“My main message to everybody is, ‘This is coming,’” Solomon said. “‘You’re not going to get out of it. You’re not going to run and hide.’”

Three weeks later, on April 22, the chamber sent a letter to DEQ Secretary Elizabeth Biser: “It is important that we do not hastily pass regulations without fully accounting for both the positive benefits and potential negative impacts … on the state and its business community.”

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Since then, the chamber has provided the EMC with links to talking points about the benefits of PFAS. “This chemical family is essential to mobility, communication, medical treatment, and more,” the chamber wrote on its website, which features the headline: “When it comes to North Carolina’s water, let’s let science dictate our action, not politics.”

What Are Forever Chemicals?

There are more than 15,000 types of PFAS—per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, the so-called “forever chemicals.” They are found in many consumer products, such as microwave popcorn bags, pizza boxes, stain- and water-resistant clothing and furniture, and lithium-ion batteries, including those used in electric vehicles.

They’ve been linked to many serious health conditions, including several types of cancer.

PFAS also disrupt the ocean’s ability to sequester carbon, a driver of climate change. PFAS manufacturers emit thousands of tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere each year. 

In 2022, the Chemours Fayetteville plant emitted 52,000 tons of greenhouse gases, according to EPA data.

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In May, Jake Cashion, the chamber’s vice president of government affairs, sent members a résumé for scientist Michael Dourson, who has been retained by chemical companies for studies downplaying the toxicity of the compounds. 

Dourson was also former President Donald Trump’s nominee to head the Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Dourson withdrew his name from consideration after it became clear the U.S. Senate would not confirm him. 

Cashion did not respond to a request for comment from Inside Climate News. Asked via email if the chamber had hired Dourson, and if so, in what capacity, the organization’s spokesperson did not respond.

Solomon said it’s routine for the EMC to “consider different experts” but that he has “not seen anything come to the commission” directly from Dourson.

In June, Dourson wrote an article for the Carolina Journal, a publication of the conservative John Locke Foundation, in which he wrote that North Carolinians faced “little to no risk” from PFAS in their drinking water. 

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That contradicts findings by the EPA, federal toxicologists and independent scientists, who have linked PFAS exposure to kidney, prostate, breast, pancreatic and testicular cancer; thyroid and liver disorders; decreased fertility and low birth weight; ulcerative colitis; and a depressed immune system.

The North Carolina Manufacturers Alliance, whose members include Chemours, also opposes the draft rules, which don’t prohibit PFAS manufacturing, but only require facilities to keep the chemicals out of water supplies.

“The NCMA would like the State of North Carolina to be consistent in regulating these substances with our neighboring states and the federal rules, so as to not place North Carolina manufacturers at a competitive disadvantage in cost of manufacturing our products and expanding our operations,” the alliance wrote to DEQ and the EMC.

However, no neighboring states have enacted groundwater rules, according to DEQ. Nineteen other states have some type of groundwater guidance in place. 

The EMC in July instructed DEQ to remove five of eight compounds from its proposed groundwater standards. The remaining three, GenX, PFOA and PFOS, will be considered in September.

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Solomon said the proposed standards for the removed compounds were more lax than existing ones, which depend on the lowest level a laboratory can detect. Those are known as practical quantitation levels, and can vary among laboratories, whose sensitivities differ. That can create regulatory uncertainty for industries.

Michael Ellison, an environmental consultant and vice-chairman of the EMC’s Water Quality Committee, has downplayed concerns about PFAS contamination—both privately and publicly.

In private, according to the emails obtained under state records law, Ellison dismissed concerns about the delays, telling a concerned resident in late June that “PFAs have been around for several decades, so any potential cost from another month or two to get the regulations right are likely to be incalculably small.”

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At an EMC meeting on July 10, Ellison questioned their toxicity. “There is some difference of opinion about safe levels,” Ellison said, reinforcing points made by Dourson. “For decades we’ve been making and discharging this stuff. How many people have died from PFAS poisoning?” 

Contacted by Inside Climate News, Ellison did not elaborate on his comments.

Ellison worked at DEQ under Republican Gov. Pat McCrory’s administration, when the agency weakened many environmental rules. He left the agency in 2017 after Democratic Gov. Roy Cooper was elected. 

GOP Senate leader Phil Berger appointed Ellison to the EMC in 2023.

DEQ Secretary Elizabeth Biser has urged the Environmental Management Commission to hasten its rule-making on “forever chemicals” in surface water and groundwater. Credit: DEQDEQ Secretary Elizabeth Biser has urged the Environmental Management Commission to hasten its rule-making on “forever chemicals” in surface water and groundwater. Credit: DEQ
DEQ Secretary Elizabeth Biser has urged the Environmental Management Commission to hasten its rule-making on “forever chemicals” in surface water and groundwater. Credit: DEQ

The disagreement over PFAS rules escalated last month between Secretary Biser, appointed by Cooper, and conservative members of the EMC. Biser publicly criticized the group’s repeated delays, telling the media on a call: “Do they really need to count body bags before they take action?” 

Commissioner Charlie Carter, an air quality specialist and another Berger appointee, called for her resignation. “Biser’s conduct is absolutely OUTRAGEOUS … time for Biser to apologize or resign!” Carter wrote in an email to his fellow commissioners on July 14.

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Chairman Solomon tried to rein Carter in.

“Charlie, This is over the top. No personal comments are needed on fellow Commissioners, DEQ staff, or DEQ Secretary. Stop it now,” Solomon wrote in an email to the full EMC.  “Everyone, Let’s make these emails stop. Focus on the technical and rulemaking process. We are getting this done—together.”

Biser responded to Carter’s email in a statement provided to Inside Climate News. “It’s my duty as Secretary to protect the health of North Carolina residents and these standards are critical to reducing PFAS in our surface water and groundwater and ensuring residents aren’t paying the entire cost of meeting drinking water standards,” Biser said. 

PFAS in an Elementary School’s Water

Farmer Elementary School near Asheboro, in Randolph County, serves 215 students in kindergarten through fifth grade, about half of them economically disadvantaged. The school sources its drinking water, used to quench the thirst of young children, cook school lunches and make staff coffee, from two wells drilled more than 30 years ago.

In June, DEQ tested the school’s drinking water as part of the agency’s routine assessment to help public water systems comply with EPA limits. The results were stunning. 

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Of the 14 types of PFAS detected in Farmer Elementary’s drinking water, two of the most toxic—PFOS and PFOA—were detected at levels 144 and 233 times greater than federal limits, respectively. 

Groundwater contaminated with “forever chemicals” tainted the drinking water at Farmer Elementary School near Asheboro, in rural Randolph County. State officials are helping the school district source clean water. Credit: Lisa Sorg/Inside Climate News

That was driven by contamination in one of the school’s wells, since disconnected. It contained  PFOS at 400 times the proposed state groundwater standards.

A second well on the property also contains several types of PFAS, but only one is above federal limits.

Both the school district and the Randolph County Health Department sent letters to parents and staff about the contamination. DEQ is working with the school on ensuring a new water supply is safe, an agency spokesman said; school starts Aug. 26.

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Farmer Elementary School relies on groundwater for drinking water, which is stored in this tower. Credit: Lisa Sorg/Inside Climate NewsFarmer Elementary School relies on groundwater for drinking water, which is stored in this tower. Credit: Lisa Sorg/Inside Climate News
Farmer Elementary School relies on groundwater for drinking water, which is stored in this tower. Credit: Lisa Sorg/Inside Climate News

DEQ is still investigating the source and the scope, according to an agency spokesperson. It’s unclear how long children and staff have been drinking contaminated water. 

A commercial site west of the school also had elevated levels of PFAS in its wells, but regulators have not pinpointed a source. Since the compounds linger in the environment for hundreds or even thousands of years, the source of the contamination could pre-date both the school and the business.

Therese Vick, research director with the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League, told Inside Climate News that “the results were shocking and devastating.” 

The cost of providing clean water to North Carolinians whose drinking water supplies are contaminated—and determining who will pay for that treatment—lies at the heart of the fiscal analysis that the EMC committees are now considering.

The Office of State Budget and Management found the groundwater rules’ financial impact would yield net benefits of $604,000 to $3.3 million over 10 years.

An analysis of surface water standards released in July by the office shows that by the year 2060, industrial dischargers and publicly owned wastewater treatment plants would spend $9.6 billion to comply with the new rules.

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But accounting for the savings—for water treatment plants and private well owners, health costs and property values—benefits would total $9.96 billion over the same time period. This represents a net surplus of $460,000.

Without the standards, according to DEQ, the health impacts across North Carolina through mid-century would equate to 44,925 cases of health harms. Of these cases, the agency estimated 10,279 could result in death. 

Marion Deerhake, a Cooper appointee, has been on the EMC for seven years, as the scope of contamination and dangers of PFAS in North Carolina have become clearer and more urgent.

“How many more meetings before we act?” Deerhake said at the July meeting. “It must be frustrating for people of the state who have suffered for years, having persistent toxic chemicals in their drinking water.”

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WNC wildfire updates for Monday, March 30, 2026

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WNC wildfire updates for Monday, March 30, 2026


Multiple wildfires continue to burn across western North Carolina on Monday, March 30, 2026.

A statewide burn ban is in effect across North Carolina amid increased fire danger and dry conditions.

NORTH CAROLINA ISSUES STATEWIDE BURN BAN AS DRY WEATHER FUELS WILDFIRE DANGER

POPLAR FIRE

The Poplar Fire in Mitchell County is about 350 acres in size and 80% contained, according to the U.S. Forest Service on Sunday.

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The fire, located 1 mile north of the Poplar community, is burning in an area heavily impacted by Helene, with downed trees contributing to increased wildfire intensity and risk.

The cause of the fire is under investigation.

Closed: The Appalachian Trail near Indian Grave Gap (NOBO mile 352.9) is impacted by the fire. Hikers are asked to exercise caution and follow all instructions.

TARKILN FIRE

The U.S. Forest Service said Sunday that the Tarkiln Ridge Fire, burning 5 miles northwest of Hayesville, is 407 acres in size and 90% contained.

The fire is now in patrol status, and firefighters will check the perimeter today to ensure it remains secure, forest officials said.

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The fire was caused by lightning.

Closed: Leatherwood Road is closed for firefighter and public safety.

BLACK BALSAM FIRE

The U.S. Forest Service said Sunday that the Black Balsam Fire, located 14 miles southeast of Waynesville, is about 5 acres in size and 75% contained.

The Blue Ridge Parkway from U.S. 276 (mile marker 411.9) to N.C. 215 (mile marker 423.2) was closed to public travel for a time Sunday but reopened after crews made progress on containment efforts, forest officials said.

The cause of the fire is under investigation.

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JUMPING BRANCH FIRE

As of 10 p.m. Sunday, McDowell County Emergency Management says the Jumping Branch Fire is about 175 acres in size with 0% containment.

The fire is located off Locust Cove Road and is burning north of Locust Cove Road and south of Sugar Cove Road in McDowell County.

McDowell County Emergency Management said about 200 firefighters battled the fire Sunday, along with multiple aircraft.

The U.S. Forest Service said Sunday that firefighters are prioritizing protecting private property and structures along the Highway 80 corridor. As of 10 p.m. Sunday, McDowell County officials said no structures have been lost.

Closed: Highway 80 was closed from Toms Creek Road to the Yancey County line. Residents and motorists are asked to avoid the area.

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New ‘Orchid kingdom’ display takes center stage at North Carolina Arboretum Festival

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New ‘Orchid kingdom’ display takes center stage at North Carolina Arboretum Festival


As spring returns, so does the 25th annual Asheville Orchid Festival at the North Carolina Arboretum.

The annual show features world-class growers, curated displays, and thousands of orchids for sale.

NORTH CAROLINA ARBORETUM’S ‘SPRING INTO THE ARB’ RETURNS FOR YEAR 2

The event is part of “Spring Into the Arb”, a celebration of the return of spring featuring a series of activities. This year, a new and unique display takes center stage.

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“We build this castle, and it’ll be a one-time thing, and we always create something special that goes with the theme. This year it was orchid kingdom,” said Graham Ramsey, president of the Western North Carolina Orchid Society.

This is an American Orchid Society-sanctioned judging event as world-class orchid growers and breeders present hundreds of carefully crafted displays.

NORTH CAROLINA ARBORETUM HOSTS BONSAI CARE DEMONSTRATIONS

Ramsey says growing orchids, while not a hard thing to get into, is an obsessive hobby.

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“I started out with one orchid that belonged to my wife and next thing you know, we’re buying more, and it’s a very obsessive hobby, and by joining the Western North Carolina Orchid Society, we invite all orchid growers to come because that’s what we do, we sit around and talk about how to grow our orchids,” Ramsey said.



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Disputes grow between NC Bar, legislative committee tasked with reforming it

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Disputes grow between NC Bar, legislative committee tasked with reforming it


A North Carolina legislative committee is drawing passionate support — and criticism — as it pushes forward with recommendations to inject more secrecy and politics into a group tasked with disciplining lawyers across the state. 

The committee plans to meet again this week, fresh off a dramatic hearing Tuesday, during which members of the committee sniped at one another, at least one appeared to have had no idea they’d be asked to vote on one particularly contentious item, and security had to forcibly eject a former state lawmaker who had refused to stop yelling accusations from a podium. 

The target of that speaker, as well as the committee he was addressing: the North Carolina State Bar, a regulatory board in charge of licensing and disciplining North Carolina’s lawyers.

It’s the central focus of the State Bar Grievance Review Committee, which has tussled with the Bar and its supporters in the state’s legal community as it has sought to investigate allegations of cancel culture against politically outspoken lawyers and as it has recommended other reforms or demanded political inquisitions.

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The committee, created in 2024, is a rarity in North Carolina: It consists of zero members of the state legislature. It’s led by Larry Shaheen and former state Sen. Woody White, two GOP insiders close with Republican state Senate leader Phil Berger. It can’t make changes on its own but can recommend them to the state legislature for approval. 

Some previous suggestions by the committee have won broad and bipartisan approval at the state legislature, such as limiting who can report lawyers to the Bar.

But its most recent proposals — including making lawyer discipline a more secretive process, controlled entirely by political appointees — has raised concerns inside the Bar, as well as with some of the lawyers who make a living fighting the Bar on behalf of their clients.

Some of the new changes Shaheen and others on the committee are backing would ban non-lawyers from being involved in hearings of the Bar’s Disciplinary Hearing Commission, which is tasked with deciding whether — and how harshly — to crack down on lawyers accused of things such as stealing clients’ money, sleeping with clients or abusing drugs or alcohol.

The committee also wants to staff the Disciplinary Hearing Commission entirely with political appointees — almost all of them Republicans — and decrease transparency in the process, making more details confidential. 

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The Bar has deep reservations about those and other proposed changes, saying they’ll harm its goal of protecting members of the public from predatory or simply bad lawyers. The committee has not asked for the Bar’s input during this process, and relations between the two groups have become strained. 

State Bar Executive Director Peter Bolac told WRAL he questions the need for these changes, which he said appear to have been put together “without broader input or a comprehensive understanding of the State Bar’s work.”

Bolac was at the most recent hearing on the changes, but he wasn’t invited to speak — whether to provide his own presentation, or to answer questions and concerns. He told WRAL the committee should attempt to learn how the Bar works, first, before trying to change it.

“Without a clear and shared understanding of how the current system functions, it is difficult to engage in a meaningful discussion about potential improvements,” Bolac said. “Nevertheless, we remain willing to participate in thoughtful, good-faith dialogue aimed at strengthening the system.”

Shaheen says he knows firsthand how the process works, having served on Disciplinary Hearing Commission he and his committee are now targeting. And he sees it as his mission to drastically change the way it operates, saying he has lost friends because of his association with it. “I have several lawyers, who have been long term friends of mine, who have come to me and, because of some of the things said to them, feel like I’m the devil,” Shaheen said.

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‘Radical changes’

The committee’s most recent meeting was just the latest in the committee’s years-long attempt to make reforms to the Bar.

Alan Schneider, who has represented more lawyers facing disciplinary hearings than perhaps anyone else in North Carolina, often finds himself at odds with the Bar. He previously gave a formal presentation to this same committee on suggestions to reform it.

But he says the latest suggestions, to ramp up the political appointments, go too far.

“There were problems in the past in terms of maybe old cases weren’t heard as quickly as they could,” Schneider said. “But the changes were made. The State Bar heard, and the State Bar has acted. What I’d like this panel to understand is the necessity for all these radical changes. I believe it is unnecessary.”

White and Shaheen said the changes are necessary. Shaheen said increasing political control over the Bar would increase accountability, by making members of the Bar answer to politicians who ultimately answer to the people.

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Under the new proposal, 19 of its 26 members would be chosen by various Republican politicians and the remaining seven would be chosen by Democratic Gov. Josh Stein.

“To have more folks appointed by public officials, we want to create more accountability, to make sure that the process is not weaponized against attorneys,” Shaheen said at the committee’s meeting on Tuesday.

White defended the push for less transparency.

“Nowadays when you can weaponize allegations in a nanosecond and publish them, put them out in a political context … that is unfair, for a lawyer to be accused of something before he or she is convicted of it,” he said.

‘Such sweeping reforms’

The committee is set to meet again Wednesday. The committee hadn’t released information on what issues it plans to discuss, but it’s expected to be closely watched by the state’s legal community.

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The relative lack of public notice on what this committee is considering also raised the ire of interested parties at last week’s meeting.

Jane Meyer, a Tharrington Smith attorney in Raleigh who also chairs the Bar’s disciplinary group, questioned why the proposals voted on Tuesday were only made public a few days beforehand, and with no opportunity for the Bar — or the general public — to respond.

White had originally attempted pushing through a vote Tuesday without allowing members of the public to speak. But he relented after Andrew Heath, a conservative lobbyist who serves on the committee, urged him to allow Meyer and other members of the public to have two minutes each to give brief comments.

“That troubles me — that such sweeping reforms are being considered without much study, and without asking for input,” Meyer told the committee.

Given the sweeping nature of their recommendations, Wake County District Attorney Colon Willoughby suggested the committee should “do a little bit more study and maybe get a little bit more information.” 

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Willoughby specifically criticized the proposal to make it harder for members of the public to learn about accusations against attorneys.

“We should not be trying to restrict and make things more confidential,” he said. “We should make it more open. The public needs to have quicker and more complete access. I think people find their lawyers now, not from their Sunday school class or their bowling league or their Lions Club, but through the internet searches. They want information.”

They were among the passionate speakers at the hearing, but perhaps not the most passionate. 

Two-plus hours into its most recent hearing on Tuesday, former state Rep. Edwin Hardy had his mic cut off and then was escorted out of the room by security. He was several minutes into speaking during the open public comment period as his comments turned into a rant involving former President Barack Obama, the late Gov. Jim Hunt, allegations of political favoritism, cocaine usage and more.

Hardy, a Republican who used to represent Beaufort County in the state House, was the only one ejected — even though he was also one of the few speakers who appeared to support the committee’s goal of major overhauls to the Bar. His comments were in line with the allegations White, Shaheen and others have been claiming for years about cancel culture.

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“I got very vocal online because Obama won,” Hardy told the committee. “… Well guess what: I was very vocal, and the day after Obama won reelection, I got a phone call and the Bar told me I had been randomly picked for an audit.”

State records show that that 2012 audit found Hardy had been using poor accounting practices with trust accounts where he held onto money for clients — including taking actions that “allowed entrusted funds to be disbursed in a manner not authorized by or for the benefit of the client.”

However, the Bar found he didn’t steal any of the money, and that there wasn’t any evidence of his clients being harmed by his trust fund missteps. It allowed him to continue practicing law.



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