Fulton County District Lawyer

Fani Willis,

the Democrat main the investigation, has prevailed in a number of court docket circumstances introduced by Trump allies making an attempt to keep away from testifying earlier than the particular grand jury. Ms. Willis isn’t anticipated to concern a subpoena to Mr. Trump for his testimony, nevertheless, a risk she floated earlier within the yr. 

Michael Flynn,

Mr. Trump’s former nationwide safety adviser, and Sen.

Lindsey Graham

(R., S.C.) each appeared earlier than the grand jury within the final month.

Rudy Giuliani,

a longtime adviser to Mr. Trump, testified this summer time. Mr. Trump’s closing chief of workers,

Mark Meadows,

was ordered to testify by South Carolina’s highest court docket however hasn’t accomplished so.

Messrs. Giuliani, Flynn and Meadows all misplaced authorized fights towards the subpoenas of their home-state courts. Some Texas-based witnesses whose testimony Ms. Willis sought haven’t complied after one in all them gained a state court docket ruling that she couldn’t be compelled to go to Georgia. 

The lengths to which Ms. Willis has gone to talk to members of Mr. Trump’s inside circle means that she is intently investigating the previous president’s actions, stated Clark D. Cunningham, a professor on the Georgia State College Faculty of Regulation.

“What these witnesses have in widespread is that they provide, for the district legal professional, actual potential for tying Donald Trump personally to what occurred,” Mr. Cunningham stated.

Ms. Willis’s probe is separate from the federal investigations, headed by particular counsel Jack Smith, into the dealing with of categorised paperwork at Mr. Trump’s Mar-a-Lago resort and broader efforts by Mr. Trump and his allies to overturn his 2020 election loss.

The jurors’ report, which might advocate prison expenses or that none be introduced, could be reviewed by a panel of Fulton County judges earlier than Ms. Willis’s workplace decides whether or not to pursue any expenses by way of a separate grand jury.

Some Georgia legal professionals have expressed skepticism in regards to the investigation, saying convening a particular grand jury was an pointless step designed to maximise publicity for Ms. Willis.

The panel “was a great way to construct her nationwide profile and speak to quite a lot of reporters,” stated Andrew Fleischman of the Georgia legislation agency Classes & Fleischman, who isn’t concerned within the investigation.

Joe Biden

beat Mr. Trump in Georgia by about 12,000 votes out of about 5 million forged, changing into the primary Democratic presidential candidate to win the state since 1992. Two statewide recounts and a partial forensic audit, all carried out by the workplace of Georgia Secretary of State

Brad Raffensperger,

confirmed President Biden’s slender victory. Authorized challenges to the end result failed.

Ms. Willis launched the investigation due to a recorded Jan. 2, 2021, cellphone name by which then President Trump urged Mr. Raffensperger, a Republican and onetime Trump supporter, to seek out sufficient votes to overturn his loss. Mr. Raffensperger, who oversees elections within the state, declined to take action. 

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Mr. Trump, who additionally spoke on the cellphone to Mr. Raffensperger’s chief investigator, has stated he made “good calls” that didn’t violate the legislation.

The Fulton County probe has expanded to incorporate GOP officers’ making a slate of presidential electors pledged to Mr. Trump in Georgia, regardless that he had misplaced the state. These 16 alternate electors met in December 2020 to signal certificates declaring themselves the state’s reliable electors.

In court docket filings, the alternate electors have stated they broke no legal guidelines. Their purpose in signing the certificates, they’ve stated, was to make sure a pathway for Mr. Trump to be declared the winner in Georgia if lawsuits ended up altering the vote depend.

Ms. Willis has stated in court docket filings that Republicans concerned within the alternate-electors effort are doable targets of her investigation. Securing their cooperation might assist her construct a case towards Mr. Trump and his inside circle, stated Mr. Cunningham, the legislation professor.

The alternate GOP electors included David Shafer, chairman of the Georgia Republican Occasion, and Burt Jones, Georgia’s lieutenant governor-elect.

Ms. Willis’s investigation hit a snag this summer time after she hosted a fundraiser for a fellow Democrat, Charlie Bailey, who ran towards Mr. Jones for lieutenant governor.

The fundraiser created the looks of a battle of curiosity, stated Fulton County Superior Courtroom Choose Robert McBurney, who oversees the grand jury course of. To make sure public belief within the course of, he blocked Ms. Willis from growing a case towards Mr. Jones or deeming him a goal of the investigation.

Along with the alternate-elector scheme, Ms. Willis has targeted on two December 2020 hearings earlier than Georgia lawmakers organized by Mr. Giuliani, a lawyer for Mr. Trump on the time. Throughout these hearings, Mr. Giuliani and allies made unfounded claims about briefcases filled with ballots and hacked voting machines.

Ms. Willis knowledgeable the previous New York Metropolis mayor earlier this yr that he was a goal of her investigation and he testified in August for about six hours. “I can inform you that we have been ordered to be right here, we confirmed up, and we did what we needed to do,” stated Invoice Thomas, a lawyer for Mr. Giuliani. Mr. Flynn and his legal professionals haven’t commented on his testimony earlier than the panel. 

Mr. Graham, who made two cellphone calls of his personal to Mr. Raffensperger within the weeks after the election, testified earlier than the particular grand jury for 2 hours final month. The senator sought unsuccessfully to have the U.S. Supreme Courtroom block his subpoena, arguing that the Structure’s Speech or Debate Clause protected him as a lawmaker from being questioned about what he stated have been legislative efforts.

“The senator feels he was handled with respect, professionalism, and courtesy,” Mr. Graham’s workplace stated in an announcement about his testimony. “Out of respect for the grand jury course of, he won’t touch upon the substance of the questions.”

Write to Jan Wolfe at jan.wolfe@wsj.com and Cameron McWhirter at Cameron.McWhirter@wsj.com