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North Arkansas Trout Hatchery Losses Could Ripple Through Outdoor Tourism

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North Arkansas Trout Hatchery Losses Could Ripple Through Outdoor Tourism


Flooding and poor water quality killed more than 2 million fish last year in trout hatcheries in north Arkansas, sending ripples of concern through the fishing industry.

But the impact of the die-offs on the health of regional tourism remains unclear. The fish died at the Arkansas Game & Fish Commission’s Jim Hinkle Spring River State Fish Hatchery in Fulton County and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Norfork National Fish Hatchery in Mountain Home.

Some officials told Arkansas Business that the deaths will be a blow to tourism, while others don’t think anglers will stay away from the Arkansas rivers, such as the White, long known for their large brown and rainbow trout and fly-fishing.

A close-up photo of a man holding a freshly caught rainbow trout.
A rainbow trout. (Nancy Steenburgen)

In October, about 90% of the trout and all of the trout eggs at the Norfork hatchery died. The trout that were in the Arkansas rivers at the time, however, weren’t affected by the deaths.

Meanwhile, others are looking for ways to avoid trout deaths in the future.

“A lot of what happened is in the hands of Mother Nature,” said Christy Graham, AGFC trout program coordinator. But preventing future deaths would cost millions of dollars, she said.

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In response to the deaths and to prevent the trout population from being depleted, the AGFC in October barred anglers from keeping any trout they catch. The daily trout limit had been five.

Last month, however, the AGFC relaxed the ban and said people could keep two trout a day, although there are some nuances to the limits.

Three people on a small river boat netting and fishing on a river.
Kim Rowland Dollins, owner of Ryder’s Run Guide Service on the Little Red River, nets a fish for her clients, John Ronza and his son Jason Ronza. (Nancy Steenburgen)

Trey Reid, the AGFC’s assistant chief of communications, said that the two-trout limit will be in place for the “foreseeable future.” He didn’t have an estimate for when that might change.

Game & Fish eased its initial emergency regulation as a compromise for the people coming to the area to keep the fish they catch.

Trout anglers “will have that opportunity, albeit at reduced limits, and [the limits] still maintain a quality fishery where people can go out and enjoy it, whether it’s catch and release (or) catch and keep,” Reid said.

Some around the north Arkansas fishing industry, however, say that limiting the number of trout caught discourages anglers from coming to Arkansas.

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“It is going to have an impact. It already has,” said Dani Pugsley, president and CEO of the Mountain Home Area Chamber of Commerce. “We’ve seen a reduction in stays. People have canceled their reservations because of it.”

The tourism industry could feel the results of the fish deaths at the Norfork hatchery for a year or more, she said. It takes between 18 and 22 months for a trout egg to become an adult, ready to be restocked.

“Tourism is one of our largest revenue sources here on the White River,” Pugsley said. “It’s world-renowned for trout fishing. So … people come from all over, not only the United States but the globe, to trout fish on the river.”

Three people on a small river boat fishing in the early morning.
Trout guide Beau Sanders, middle, directs clients on an early morning trip on the Little Red River last year. (Nancy Steenburgen)

Others expect Arkansas streams to continue attracting people who enjoy the fishing experience and don’t mind releasing the trout back to the water.

John Bracey of Little Rock, the president of Trout Unlimited Chapter 722 in Heber Springs, said he didn’t think the two-trout limit would bother people who fly-fish, which is generally catch-and-release fishing, in which anglers immediately release the fish.

“What we’ve seen is people are still coming to the river, and we’re hopeful that changes in regulation actually improve the fish size and fish numbers in the river, and ultimately we will make it a better fishery,” Bracey said.

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But not every angler practices fly-fishing.

“If you’re a conventional tackle guide that relies on people catching some fish and taking them home, they’re getting hammered,” said Steve Dally, owner of Steve Dally Outfitters in Mountain Home. Dally is a fly-fishing guide on the White River system and Ozark waterways.

The AGFC’s Graham said concerns from resorts have eased after the AGFC allowed anglers to keep two trout a day.

“I don’t think a whole lot of people are going to change their plans,” she said. “Really, the message is, there’s still fish in the river. There’s still really good fishing opportunities, and I hope people don’t cancel their trips just because of this.”

And Trout Unlimited’s Bracey said that most of the fishing guides promote catch-and-release for brown and rainbow trout.

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“They’ve realized that the people that are really coming and booking trips and staying at lodges are not here to fill up a cooler anymore,” he said. “That’s a thing of days past. They’re here to try to catch a trophy fish, get an amazing picture, get some measurements, maybe have a replica mount made of the fish.”

Arkansas’ trout population relies on hatcheries because the species is not native here.

Several types of trout were introduced in Arkansas through the mid-20th century as the Army Corps of Engineers built dams on a number of rivers in north Arkansas.

The cold water discharged from those dams into the rivers wiped out the native warm-water fish, but the cooler water created a suitable environment for trout.

While brown trout can reproduce in Arkansas tailwaters, rainbow trout populations require annual stockings.

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A man on a small river boat with a dog, fly-fishing on a river.
(Nancy Steenburgen)

Emergency Regulation

In April, major flooding on the Spring River was “devastating” to the Jim Hinkle Spring River State Fish Hatchery, Reid said.

The AGFC lost about half of its fish production, from egg to adult fish, as a result of the flooding.

But the situation worsened for the trout fishing industry. Every fall Norfork Lake has terrible water quality, Graham said. “And some years it’s worse than others as far as how extensive the poor water quality gets,” she said. “And, of course, this 2025 was a really bad year.”

In October, at the federal Norfork hatchery, fish were dying at an alarming rate.

Reid said it was not unusual for fish to die in the cold water hatchery in the fall because rising temperatures and environmental factors decrease the amount of oxygen in the water available to fish, “but this was something more significant than that.”

He said the floods in the spring had washed debris such as logs and leaves into the hatchery.

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“As all that stuff settles out and starts decomposing over the summer, it very likely contributed to the water quality issues at the Norfolk fish hatchery,” Reid said.

The hatchery lost 90% of its fish, which numbered in the millions. Not all that died were trout; some were fingerling fish that were 2 inches to 3 inches long.

“I don’t know that we’ve seen a loss of this magnitude or scale at those federal hatcheries in the past,” Reid said.

Graham said that there are ways to prevent the fish dying by the millions at the hatchery, but the solutions are expensive.

One fix would be to install an oxygen diffusion system at the Norfolk hatchery, which would cost tens of millions of dollars. “Basically it’s running a bunch of tubes through the lake and then pumping liquid oxygen into the lake at certain times of the year,” Graham said. “That’s one of the types of fixes, but outside of that, there’s not a lot that can be done.”

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She said that other suggestions involve moving the hatcheries, but that comes with problems too. “And of course, funding to build new facilities is not out there,” Graham said.

She said that she knows it would be an expensive fix, but trout fishing brings millions into the state annually. “So $30 [million] to $40 million isn’t that much when you’re considering hundreds of millions of dollars spent on trout fishing every year,” Graham said.



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Arkansas

ARKANSAS A-Z: Norris Church Mailer — From Atkins to literary fame | Arkansas Democrat Gazette

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ARKANSAS A-Z: Norris Church Mailer — From Atkins to literary fame | Arkansas Democrat Gazette


Norris Church Mailer became a model, actress and author after moving to New York to be with renowned writer Norman Mailer following their chance meeting in Arkansas at an event in Russellville. She published two semi-autobiographical novels, “Windchill Summer” and “Cheap Diamonds,” as well as a memoir, “A Ticket to the Circus,” which centers on her three-decade marriage to Mailer.

Born on Jan. 31, 1949, in Moses Lake, Wash., Norris Church Mailer began life as Barbara Jean Davis, being named for a little girl who lived next door. Her parents were homemaker Gaynell Phillips Davis and construction worker James Davis. They had briefly relocated from Arkansas to Washington state for her father’s work on the O’Sullivan Dam near Moses Lake. After the family returned to Arkansas, Barbara grew up in Atkins, where the family lived a simple life in the country without hot running water in the house or an indoor toilet. They attended a small, strict fundamentalist church several times a week. When Barbara was 3 years old, her mother saw an advertisement for the Little Miss Little Rock Contest and entered the child, who won.

The family moved from the country into town when Barbara was in first grade. There, they lived in a house with modern conveniences, including indoor plumbing. Barbara had a childhood friend whose name, Cherry, became the name of the heroine in her two novels.

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Barbara attended school in the Atkins School District. After graduating from high school in 1967, she enrolled at Arkansas Polytechnic College (which later became Arkansas Tech University) in nearby Russellville. In 1969, she married her high school sweetheart, Larry Norris; two years later, they had a son, Matthew. In 1974, the marriage ended in divorce.

Norris Church Mailer signs books during an April 2010 “A Ticket to the Circus” book-tour stop at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.
(Arkansas Democrat-Gazette/Helaine R. Williams)

 

With her young son, Barbara moved to Russellville, where she worked as a high school art teacher. In 1975, she met renowned writer Norman Mailer at a party in Russellville when he was there on a visit. The party was held at the home of a mutual friend, author Francis Irby Gwaltney, who at the time was teaching at Arkansas Tech. Gwaltney and Mailer had become friends during World War II and remained close through the years.

Barbara stated in her autobiography that there was instant chemistry when she and Mailer met. Although she was several inches taller than Mailer, half his age and from a vastly different background, she said she knew the two would be together.

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At the time they met, Mailer was in the process of breaking up with his fourth wife and seeing another woman who would (for the space of one day) become his fifth. Hailing from Brooklyn, N.Y., the Harvard-educated Mailer was a bestselling author whose World War II novel “The Naked and the Dead” (1948) brought him early fame. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1968 for “Armies of the Night” and another Pulitzer in 1979 for “The Executioner’s Song.”

After meeting Mailer in Russellville in 1975, Barbara followed him to New York. Their son, John Buffalo Mailer, was born in 1978. The couple married in 1980 (the same year he divorced his fourth wife and then married and divorced his fifth), with Barbara becoming Mailer’s sixth and final wife.

When Barbara began a successful career as a model, her husband suggested she change her name to Norris Church Mailer. The name was composed from her previous married name, and “Church,” based on her religious background when growing up in Arkansas. She and Mailer often entertained top-tier celebrities at their homes in New York and Provincetown, Mass. Billed as “Norris Mailer,” she appeared with her husband in the movie “Ragtime” (1981) and also had small roles in a few other films.

“Windchill Summer,” a semi-autobiographical novel by Norris Church Mailer that takes place in the fictional town of Sweet Valley, Arkansas; published in 2000
(Courtesy of Ballantine Books)

 

Church Mailer’s first novel, “Windchill Summer,” was published in 2000, depicting a coming-of-age story about a girl named Cherry Marshall growing up in Arkansas during the Vietnam War era. Its sequel, “Cheap Diamonds,” released in 2007, followed Marshall’s story as an aspiring model from Arkansas arriving in New York City during the 1970s. Church Mailer’s 2010 memoir, “A Ticket to the Circus,” described her tumultuous life with Norman Mailer. Among other things, she claimed in her memoir to have had a brief romantic relationship with future President Bill Clinton, who was in his late 20s at the time.

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In 2000, Norris Church Mailer was diagnosed with a malignant gastrointestinal tumor. Defying the odds, she lived 10 years, nursing her husband through his final illness until he died in 2007. On Nov. 21, 2010, Church Mailer died at her home in New York. Wilkes University in Pennsylvania established the Norris Church Mailer Fellowship in Creative Writing in 2004. — Nancy Hendricks

This story is taken from the online Encyclopedia of Arkansas, a project of the Central Arkansas Library System. Visit the site at encyclopediaofarkansas.net.

“Cheap Diamonds” by Norris Church Mailer
(Courtesy of Ballantine Books)

 



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All of Arkansas under high fire danger in March as burn bans spread statewide

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All of Arkansas under high fire danger in March as burn bans spread statewide


The Arkansas Department of Agriculture is urging residents to stay alert as we face a high risk of wildfires in the state.

All of Arkansas is now under a high fire danger, with more than half of all counties under burn bans.

Officials say dry conditions, above-average temperatures, and strong winds are making fires both easier to start—and harder to control.

They’re urging everyone to avoid outdoor burning, properly extinguish cigarettes, and use caution with machinery in dry areas.

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“Right now, everybody just needs to postpone burning……Hopefully see things improve over the next few days.”

So far in March, more than 300 fires have burned more than nine-thousand acres.



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What John Calipari said about Dairus Acuff after Arkansas basketball’s Sweet 16 exit

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What John Calipari said about Dairus Acuff after Arkansas basketball’s Sweet 16 exit


SAN JOSE, Calif. — A humbling loss to Arizona means Darius Acuff Jr.’s career with Arkansas basketball is likely over.

Acuff is projected to be a top-10 pick in the 2026 NBA Draft. He scored a game-high 28 points as the No. 4 Razorbacks (28-9) fell to the No. 1 Wildcats (35-2) 109-88 in the Sweet 16 of the NCAA Tournament on Thursday, March 26.

After the loss, John Calipari reflected on Acuff’s historic season. The Hall of Fame coach will remember the Detroit native’s fierce spirit while hunting victories.

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“(Acuff) was the ultimate competitor. He had a will to win and would make baskets because he wasn’t afraid to miss late in games,” Calipari said. “He and Meleek (Thomas) and the other guys, they set the stage for growth. You’re going to have an opportunity to get better, but it’s hard. The league is hard. You’ve got to be a gym rat if you really want to do this. Those guys proved it. I had a ball coaching them.”

Acuff became just the third person to win the SEC Player of the Year and Freshman of the Year awards handed out by both the coaches and media, joining Anthony Davis (2012) and Brandon Miller (2023). He became the league’s first player since Pete Maravich to lead the SEC in both scoring and assists.

His final season-long stats were 23.5 points and 6.4 assists per game. He shot 48.4% from the field and 44% on 3-pointers.

Acuff was short on words in his final press conference with the Hogs, but he didn’t bring up his individual accolades when asked what he will remember the most from a dynamic collegiate season.

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“Brotherhood, for sure,” Acuff said. “With the team, great support from the fans. I don’t know, a lot of good stuff. It was a great year, for sure.”

Arkansas fans won’t soon forget his dominance.

Jackson Fuller covers Arkansas football, basketball and baseball for the Southwest Times Record, part of the USA TODAY Network. Reach him at jfuller@usatodayco.com or follow him @jacksonfuller16 on X, formerly known as Twitter. 



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