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How Vermont mail-in ballots are processed and protected

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How Vermont mail-in ballots are processed and protected


With one week to go until Election Day, millions of Americans — and thousands of Vermonters — have already cast their ballots.

The Green Mountain State permanently expanded mail-in voting after it drove record turnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, which means more and more of the work of administering an election happens before the first Tuesday of November.

So, what actually happens after you drop your envelope in the mailbox? Vermont Public’s Bob Kinzel spent a morning with election officials in Montpelier, including City Clerk John Odum, to learn firsthand how ballots are processed and what measures are in place to keep results secure.

More from Vermont Public: Vermont has become one of the easiest places to vote in the country, but gaps remain

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This story was produced for the ear. We highly recommend listening to the audio. We’ve also provided a transcript, which has been edited for length and clarity.

Bob Kinzel: All right, so what we’re going to do is walk out to the ballot drop box just outside City Hall.

John Odum: This is some kind of box. This thing is tough to get into. It takes two keys. The slot is very narrow and is protected by a sort of metal lip over it, so nobody’s getting in there unless they’re jamming a ballot up in there. Nobody’s pouring gasoline into it and lighting it on fire. It’s, it’s more secure than that.

OK. Got our ballots.

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Bob Kinzel

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Vermont Public

Montpelier City Clerk John Odum stands in the city’s vault. Ballots are placed in the vault before and after being processed. Tabulators are also stored there, with seals for tampering prevention.

Bob Kinzel: OK, so we’ve got ballots from the ballot box, and now we’re going to bring them back into your office. What are we going to do with them?

John Odum: We’re going to open them up. Well, we’re going to open up the ones from the mailers, and then we’ll put aside the actual ballots in the ballot envelope. We don’t need the mailing envelope at all anymore, but we will, for now, keep those ballots inside their sealed and signed envelopes.

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Bob Kinzel: Odum brings the ballots back into his office and gives them to Deputy City Clerk Sara McMillon, who processes them at her desk. She uses the city’s electronic checklist to record that a voter has officially sent in a ballot. It’s a system that prevents a person from voting twice.

Sara McMillon: And so then that checks it in, and then I know, it keeps a record that that person has voted. And so then the voter can log in online, and they can see that we’ve received their ballot. If someone hasn’t signed it or someone hasn’t dated it, then we mark it as defective, and then we, we can call them and have them come into City Hall to cure the ballot, or we can send them out a letter that’s that they can send back to us, saying that it’s OK for us to count their ballot, even though it’s not signed.

Two older white women sit at a white folding table in the back of a room near a window. Another person sits in the middle of the room at two round tables, which are also holding a box and many sheets of white papers.

Bob Kinzel

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Vermont Public

Election volunteers process early mail-in ballots in Montpelier on Oct. 21, 2024.

Bob Kinzel: Clerk Odum then takes the ballot envelopes and places them in the city’s vault for safe keeping. They stay there until local election officials begin the tabulation process. It’s a process that can take place for several weeks before Election Day. The optical scan machine counts the number of ballots that are fed into it, but it does not reveal any of the results until Election Day.

John Odum: And again, I keep that padlocked because our vault is so small, I need, I feel like I need to keep a little extra security here. But yeah, so they stay there, and then we take them out when it’s time to run them through the tabulator, which I’ve got some folks doing right now.

So we have one person who will open them up and put them face down. But the idea is that if this person is putting the envelopes down, then this person who takes the ballots out never sees the name. So nobody ever sees both a ballot and a name associated with a ballot. Everything is always locked down. It’s always in the vault. Soon as I, soon as these folks are done, I lock it back up, put it right back in the vault. And this is, we’re just using the one; we’re going to be running three more machines during the Election Day.

Bob Kinzel: The optical scan machines are locked up back in the vault after they’ve been used, and they have small blue seals on the cover that clearly indicate if the machine has been tampered with in any way.

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John Odum: Where we verify that these, that these seals have not changed, and you’d have to get into the seals to get the programming cards. Now, could you get in and change those numbers? That’s awfully hard to imagine. If you could get in. I think the biggest worry when you start talking about cybersecurity with these tabulators is mischief — not so much changing numbers, but trying to get in there and just mess something up so we have to run ballots again, or something like that.

These things aren’t connected to any network. They don’t have any modems, like cellular modems going, so in terms of physical security, they’re as good as you get. Somebody would have to physically come up to the machine and access it and break those seals and get in there and take a card, one of the memory cards out there, do something with it, you know, snap it in half or something. So no, we don’t have those kind of concerns at all. And I’m really grateful for that, it’s not difficult to tell if there’s been any kind of breach.

Bob Kinzel: Processing these early mail-in ballots has kept the Montpelier City Clerk’s office very busy these days, and this is true for many communities across the state. That’s because, in many towns, as many as half of their voters will cast their ballot this year using the mail-in system.

How to vote in the general election

Eligible voters can register anytime up to and on Election Day, Nov. 5.

You can register online, in-person at your town clerk’s office, or on Election Day at your polling place.

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Voting

If you received a ballot in the mail, you can return it by mail or take it to your town’s dropbox.

You can also vote early, in-person at your town clerk’s office or on Election Day at your polling place.

If you get a mail-in ballot but plan to vote in person, bring the ballot with you to your polling place.

Learn more

Find your registration status, ballot information, polling place info and more at your My Voter Page.

Get more information about the voting process in Vermont Public’s general election guide, and learn about who’s running in our candidate questionnaire.

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Peter Engisch provided production support for this story.

Have questions, comments or tips? Send us a message.





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Vermont

New UVA Coach Cassese Makes Splash, Hires Feifs as Top Assistant

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New UVA Coach Cassese Makes Splash, Hires Feifs as Top Assistant


Kevin Cassese has made his first big move as the head coach at Virginia, hiring Vermont head coach Chris Feifs as his defensive coordinator and top assistant. Inside Lacrosse first reported the news Wednesday, after which Vermont issued a formal announcement.

Feifs has previous experience in the ACC, having served as North Carolina’s defensive coordinator under Joe Breschi when the Tar Heels won the national championship in 2016. He left after that season to become the head coach at Vermont, where in 10 seasons he led the Catamounts to a 78-59 record and America East championships in 2021 and 2022.

“Chris poured his heart and soul into the program,” athletic director Jeff Schulman said.

Feifs was named the America East Coach of the Year in 2023 after leading Vermont to a regular season conference title.

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“I will look back at the past 10 years as the single greatest growth period of my life,” he said.

Now he’ll play a key role in remodeling Virginia’s defense in his likeness. The Cavaliers ranked 39th in Division I last season allowing 11.12 goals per game. They do boast one of the best close defensemen in the country in John Schroter, who will be a redshirt senior next season. The goalie position is uncertain after Virginia turned to Air Force transfer Jake Marek as the starter this year and Kyle Morris entered the transfer portal.

Virginia has moved swiftly since making the surprise decision to part ways with Lars Tiffany on May 18 and issuing a terse press release announcing the departure of a head coach who led the Cavaliers to national championships in 2019 and 2021 and the ACC championship this year. Eight days later, they elevated Cassese — an offensive coordinator with extensive previous head coaching experience at Lehigh — to head coach.

Eight days after that, Cassese has his top lieutenant.



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Vermont seeks dynamic pricing for state park access

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Vermont seeks dynamic pricing for state park access


MONTPELIER, Vt. (WCAX) – The state of Vermont wants more flexibility in how it charges for access to state parks.

Right now, fees are determined by location, size, and type of camping.

However, leaders say parking at state parks and ponds is seeing more foot traffic, and costs of maintaining them have gone up.

The Department of Forest Parks and Recreation wants to be able to price campsites and day-use parks more dynamically.

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There’s no proposal to raise fees now, but if approved, some state parks could see increased fees depending on their popularity, the date, and location.

“It is trying to find that balance of covering costs, providing the service parkgoers have come to expect and making sure we aren’t creating unintentional barriers for people who want to enjoy our fabulous state lakes,” said Julie Moore, Vermont Natural Resources Secretary.

She adds that last year’s Vermont ‘Parks Forever’ initiative, which allows for people who receive three squares benefits free entry to parks, meant an additional 30,000 visits last year.

Copyright 2026 WCAX. All rights reserved.



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Hundreds of housing units in the works at closely-watched project in Burlington’s South End – VTDigger

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Hundreds of housing units in the works at closely-watched project in Burlington’s South End – VTDigger


A rendering of the South End Coordinated Redevelopment Project, courtesy of Andrew Foley, development director at Jonathan Rose Companies. Credit: GOA Architecture.

This story, by Report for America corps member Carly Berlin, was produced through a partnership between VTDigger and Vermont Public.

A long-awaited housing development that could bring hundreds of new apartments to a series of empty lots in Burlington’s South End neighborhood is beginning to come together.

The first phase of the major public-private deal, called the South End Coordinated Redevelopment Project, got official sign-off from the Burlington City Council last month. The project’s backers have also scored key funding commitments from Treasurer Mike Pieciak’s office and state housing funding agencies. 

The project on Lakeside Avenue is the beginning of “a neighborhood being born out of a big parking lot,” Burlington Mayor Emma Mulvaney-Stanak told city councilors in May.

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City officials and developers hope the project could eventually include over a thousand homes, making it one of the largest developments in Vermont – and putting a considerable dent in the Queen City’s housing shortage. Regional planners estimate that Burlington needs to add between 3,500 and 10,500 homes by 2050 to get the housing market to a healthy state. 

The development is possible, in part, because of a 2023 zoning change in the formerly industrial area that allows for some of the densest housing development in the state, according to local planners. 

A rendering of the South End Coordinated Redevelopment Project, courtesy of Andrew Foley, development director at Jonathan Rose Companies. Credit: GOA Architecture.

The South End project’s backers include Champlain College, Champlain Housing Trust and Ride Your Bike LLC, the investors behind the nearby Hula coworking campus. They have brought on Jonathan Rose Companies, an affordable housing developer with projects from New York to California, as the lead developer. The South End project is the company’s first in Vermont.

The development agreement signed by city councilors in May greenlights the South End project’s first 204 units, estimated to cost roughly $100 million. 

Per Burlington’s inclusionary zoning policy and state rules, at least 20% of the first round of apartments will be set aside as affordable. But the developers hope to secure enough funding to allow them to earmark a third of the 204 apartments with income restrictions, said Andrew Foley, director of development at Jonathan Rose Companies, in an interview. The development agreement offers the developers reduced city fees if the affordable units are priced even more modestly than required.

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The lion’s share of the new apartments will be studios and one-bedrooms, Foley said. The building would include common social spaces for neighbors to gather, he added.  

Like any large-scale housing project, the developers of the South End apartments are piecing together financing from a wide array of sources. They recently scored an $8 million low-interest loan from Pieciak’s 10% for Vermont program, along with a $6.7 million award from the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board to support 67 affordable apartments – including 10 reserved for people experiencing homelessness. 

To build out new roads – along with wastewater connections and stormwater infrastructure meant to cut down on sewer overflows into nearby Lake Champlain – city officials are going after funding from a new state program. The Community and Housing Infrastructure Program, a tax-increment financing tool created by the Legislature last year, would allow the city and the developers to borrow the funds needed to build out the infrastructure against the development’s future property tax revenue.

Mayor, developers unveil plan that could bring 1,100 housing units to Burlington’s South EndAdvertisement


City officials and the developers are working together to submit an application for this CHIP financing. The South End development could be the first project in the state to utilize the program after its launch in January.

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“I think a lot of other potential applicants are kind of saying, ‘I wonder how that South End project works out’ – for us to maybe go first,” Foley said.

With an eye toward lowering the project’s carbon footprint, the development will be all-electric, Foley said. The developers are looking to use mass-timber construction techniques, he added – essentially using large, prefabricated wood panels in place of steel or concrete. They also want to construct a rooftop solar array, employ a geothermal heating and cooling system and promote a “car-light” neighborhood in close proximity to bike paths and transit routes.

The developers hope to close on their construction financing by the end of the year.

“Everyone’s eager to see the construction start and housing built, so we’re trying to move as fast as we can,” Foley said.





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