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How a staffing shortage can make special education jobs more dangerous
Margo Jimenez cries as she talks about the moment she realized her husband, Fred Jimenez, would never wake up. According to his death certificate, Fred died of “blunt force head injuries” on Feb. 17, 2024. His injuries were caused by a push from a student 10 days earlier. His death was ruled a homicide.
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Every so often, Margo Jimenez says, her husband would come home from work with injuries.
“One day, he came home with a black eye, his glasses were broken, and he had bites on his arm,” Margo recalled. “I said, ‘Well, did you report it?’ He said, ‘No.’ I said, ‘Why not?’ He said, ‘Margo, because it happens all the time.’”
Fred Jimenez worked as a special education instructional assistant for the Northside Independent School District in San Antonio. He helped students with disabilities meet their learning and physical needs, and his job involved everything from diaper changes to helping students with hands-on instruction to managing violent outbursts.
On Feb. 7, one of those violent outbursts sent Fred to the hospital.
Fred was pushed by a high school student who has a cognitive disability. He fell and hit his head, and it led to a brain bleed.
He died 10 days later without ever waking up.
Margo Jimenez points out a memorial to her late husband, Fred Jimenez, in her yard – a stone with his name engraved on it. Next to it stands another stone, in remembrance of her son who died in a car accident.
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A workers compensation form describes Fred Jimenez’ injury. It reads, “Employee was pushed by a student and fell hitting his head.”
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Samuel Rocha IV/TPR
“I literally have no one since Freddy passed away,” Margo said.
“Every day is a challenge for me, every day, every single day, all day. So I just do the best that I can with what God’s given to me.”
Fred’s story is an extreme case, but the situations he faced in the classroom are a common story.
Students receive special education services for a wide variety of disabilities. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most students with developmental disabilities aren’t any more aggressive than other students. But for some, their disability can lead to frustration and, in turn, aggression. Other students may have disabilities that include a tendency toward aggressive behavior.
“It’s not surprising,” said Susan Dvorak McMahon after hearing about the injuries Fred received before his death.
McMahon, a psychology professor at DePaul University, studies violence against educators and has conducted national surveys of educator experiences. Among her findings, published last year: Special educators are more likely to experience violence or aggression from students.
A Northside special education teacher who spoke to NPR on the condition of anonymity said her leg was injured so badly while a student was in the middle of an aggressive outburst that she required surgery. She provided this photo of the bruising that developed after the injury. She asked not to be named out of fear of retribution.
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“These issues have been going on for a while, and because we asked teachers about their worst, those most upsetting experiences, we read a lot of responses that are really – they’re very difficult to read,” McMahon said.
There isn’t a lot of research into how often special educators are hurt at work, but a Pennsylvania study published in 2014 found special educators were nearly three times as likely as general educators to be physically assaulted by students.
That can make it harder for school districts to hire special education staff, at a time when schools across the country are struggling to fill these positions. A recent federal survey found, nationwide, special education vacancies are the most difficult for schools to fill. District officials told NPR that’s also been true in Northside.
How staffing shortages can lead to unsafe conditions
After Fred’s death, his colleagues filed an internal complaint with the Northside Independent School District alleging that his death was part of a widespread pattern of student-caused injuries in special education classrooms.
Exhibits full of photos and email exchanges paint a picture of how the district’s staffing shortages can lead to unsafe conditions and serious injuries.
Special education teacher Sheree Kreusel signed the complaint.
Special education teacher Sheree Kreusel worked with Fred Jimenez before he moved to his final job at a high school. “I’ve had so many injuries,” she said.
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“I’ve had so many injuries,” Kreusel said. “I’ve had three concussions, two broken noses, stabbed in the stomach, numerous bites, scars from bites. And that’s just kind of a normal thing, unfortunately.”
Kreusel worked with Fred before he moved to his final job at a high school. She teaches middle schoolers with cognitive disabilities, and for the past 15 years she’s worked in a classroom that’s only for students with higher levels of need.
She said she loves her students, and doesn’t blame them for hurting her. Many of them have their own triggers, and Kreusel says she does her best to learn them. But she isn’t always able to avoid an outburst.
“The student may be aggressive, but it doesn’t mean they are targeting you because they hate you,” Kreusel said. “That’s usually not the case. It’s usually something that has happened, and they might be nonverbal. They can’t express it, and they just blow up.”
When that happens, the teachers’ complaint says, there isn’t enough staff to address it.
Kreusel has documented her injuries in photos. “I’ve had three concussions,” she told NPR. She said her last concussion caused permanent nerve damage on her forehead. Kreusel has also documented bite marks and scars after being bitten by students.
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Sheree Kreusel
Boston University researcher Elizabeth Bettini studies special education. She says when it comes to students who are prone to aggressive behavior, “You really need three people to be involved. You need two people to be part of keeping the students safe, and then you need a third one to collect data,” or document what’s happening.
But Kreusel said the district’s staffing shortages means educators are sometimes alone in the classroom. The district acknowledges this does happen.
Low pay makes it hard to hire and retain staff
Northside Independent School District officials said they can’t comment on the complaint while it is ongoing. However, Tracy Wernli, who oversees special education services for the district, agreed to answer more general questions.
She said Fred Jimenez was a “very well-loved instructional assistant in our district,” and described his death as a “horrible, horrible event” and “absolutely devastating.”
She also acknowledged the district has been struggling to hire the special education staff it needs, and a big reason for that is money. Wernli said the special education funding they get from the state and federal government isn’t enough to cover their costs.
“That’s a big key part,” Wernli explained. “We spend a lot more than what we’re given.”
Northside’s starting pay is less than $16 an hour for instructional assistants. Wernli said they can’t afford to pay more. But for a lot of people, that’s not enough compensation for a job that can be physically and emotionally demanding.
Margo Jimenez’s home is full of mementos and memorials to her husband, Fred. He was known as “Mr. Fred” to students and colleagues at the school where he worked.
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“There are people that do that and do it with passion and love it, and there are people that it’s just not for them,” Wernli said.
Kreusel, the teacher who worked with Fred, says she knows limited funding and staffing shortages are a challenge for many districts. But it doesn’t change her reality.
“I’m afraid what happened with Fred – people hear about that, and they don’t want to do this job. I mean, they can get paid more working at Chick-fil-A than being an instructional assistant,” Kreusel said.
She thinks she and her colleagues will continue to get hurt until the district hires more instructional assistants and pays them well enough that they’re willing to stay.
Audio story produced by: Janet Woojeong Lee
Audio and digital stories edited by: Nicole Cohen
Dr. Tracy Beth Hoeg, the Food and Drug Administration’s top drug regulator, said she was fired from the agency Friday after she declined to resign.
She said she did not know who had ordered her firing or why, nor whether Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. knew of her fate. The Department of Health and Human Services did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The departure reflected the upheaval at the F.D.A., days after the resignation of Dr. Marty Makary, the agency commissioner. Dr. Makary had become a lightning rod for critics of the agency’s decisions to reject applications for rare disease drugs and to delay a report meant to supply damaging evidence about the abortion drug mifepristone. He also spent months before his departure pushing back on the White House’s requests for him to approve more flavored vapes, the reason he ultimately cited for leaving.
Dr. Hoeg’s hiring had startled public health leaders who were familiar with her track record as a vaccine skeptic, and she played a leading role in some of the agency’s most divisive efforts during her tenure. She worked on a report that purportedly linked the deaths of children and young adults to Covid vaccines, a dossier the agency has not released publicly. She was also the co-author of a document describing Mr. Kennedy’s decision to pare the recommendations for 17 childhood vaccines down to 11.
But in an interview on Friday, Dr. Hoeg said she “stuck with the science.”
“I am incredibly proud of the work we were doing,” Dr. Hoeg said, adding, “I’m glad that we didn’t give in to any pressures to approve drugs when it wasn’t appropriate.”
As the director of the agency’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, she was a political appointee in a role that had been previously occupied by career officials. An epidemiologist who was trained in the United States and Denmark, she worked on efforts to analyze drug safety and on a panel to discuss the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the most widely prescribed class of antidepressants, during pregnancy. She also worked on efforts to reduce animal testing and was the agency’s liaison to an influential vaccine committee.
She made sure that her teams approved drugs only when the risk-benefit balance was favorable, she said.
The firing worsens the leadership vacuum at the F.D.A. and other agencies, with temporary leaders filling the role of commissioner, food chief and the head of the biologics center, which oversees vaccines and gene therapies. The roles of surgeon general and director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are also unfilled.
The U.S. Supreme Court
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The U.S. Supreme Court refused Friday to allow Virginia to use a new congressional map that favored Democrats in all but one of the state’s U.S. House seats. The map was a key part of Democrats’ effort to counter the Republican redistricting wave set off by President Trump.
The new map was drawn by Democrats and approved by Virginia voters in an April referendum. But on May 8, the Supreme Court of Virginia in a 4-to-3 vote declared the referendum, and by extension the new map, null and void because lawmakers failed to follow the proper procedures to get the issue on the ballot, violating the state constitution.
Virginia Democrats and the state’s attorney general then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, seeking to put into effect the map approved by the voters, which yields four more likely Democratic congressional seats. In their emergency application, they argued the Virginia Supreme Court was “deeply mistaken” in its decision on “critical issues of federal law with profound practical importance to the Nation.” Further, they asserted the decision “overrode the will of the people” by ordering Virginia to “conduct its election with the congressional districts that the people rejected.”
Republican legislators countered that it would be improper for the U.S. Supreme Court to wade into a purely state law controversy — especially since the Democrats had not raised any federal claims in the lower court.
Ultimately, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with Republicans without explanation leaving in place the state court ruling that voided the Democratic-friendly maps.
The court’s decision not to intervene was its latest in emergency requests for intervention on redistricting issues. In December, the high court OK’d Texas using a gerrymandered map that could help the GOP win five more seats in the U.S. House. In February, the court allowed California to use a voter-approved, Democratic-friendly map, adopted to offset Texas’s map. Then in March, the U.S. Supreme Court blocked the redrawing of a New York map expected to flip a Republican congressional district Democratic.
And perhaps most importantly, in April, the high court ruled that a Louisiana congressional map was a racial gerrymander and must be redrawn. That decision immediately set off a flurry of redistricting efforts, particularly in the South, where Republican legislators immediately began redrawing congressional maps to eliminate long established majority Black and Hispanic districts.
An explosion and fire drew a large emergency response on Friday to a lumber mill in the Midcoast region of Maine, officials said.
The State Police and fire marshal’s investigators responded to Robbins Lumber in Searsmont, about 72 miles northeast of Portland, said Shannon Moss, a spokeswoman for the Maine Department of Public Safety.
Mike Larrivee, the director of the Waldo County Regional Communications Center, said the number of victims was unknown, cautioning that “the information we’re getting from the scene is very vague.”
“We’ve sent every resource in the county to that area, plus surrounding counties,” he said.
Footage from the scene shared by WABI-TV showed flames burning through the roof of a large structure as heavy, dark smoke billowed skyward.
The Associated Press reported that at least five people were injured, and that county officials were considering the incident a “mass casualty event.”
Catherine Robbins-Halsted, an owner and vice president at Robbins Lumber, told reporters at the scene that all of the company’s employees had been accounted for.
Gov. Janet T. Mills of Maine said on social media that she had been briefed on the situation and urged people to avoid the area.
“I ask Maine people to join me in keeping all those affected in their thoughts,” she said.
Representative Jared Golden, Democrat of Maine, said on social media that he was aware of the fire and explosion.
“As my team and I seek out more information, I am praying for the safety and well-being of first responders and everyone else on-site,” he said.
This is a developing story. Check back for updates.
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