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On this date in history, July 8, 1918, the iconic novelist Ernest Hemingway, then an 18-year-old ambulance driver for the American Red Cross, was struck by a mortar shell while serving on the Italian front, along the Piave delta, in World War I, noted History.com.
A native of Oak Park, Illinois, Hemingway was employed as a reporter for The Kansas City Star when war broke out in Europe in 1914, noted the same source.
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Hemingway worked as a volunteer for the Red Cross in France before the American entry into the war in April 1917; he was subsequently transferred to the Italian front.
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On the evening of July 8, 1918, Hemingway was struck by a mortar shell while handing out chocolate to Italian soldiers.
The incident knocked him unconscious; fragments of shell entered his right foot and his knee and struck his thighs, scalp and hand, according to History.com.
American writer Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) working at a portable table while on a big game hunt in Kenya, Sept. 1952. (Earl Theisen/Getty Images)
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“Two Italian soldiers standing between Hemingway and the shell’s point of impact were not so lucky, however. One was killed instantly and another had both his legs blown off and died soon afterward,” the same source indicated.
Hemingway worked to secure the safety of his fellow soldiers, getting them out of harm’s way, according to The Ernest Hemingway Collection.
The Italian government awarded him the Silver Medal of Military Valor for his heroic actions, said the same source.
“A Farewell to Arms” is set amid WWI and weaves an enduring story of love and war.
Hemingway’s experiences in Italy during World War I are reported to have been an integral part of his larger-than-life persona, as well as provided the material for one of his best-loved novels, “A Farewell to Arms,” released in 1929.
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It chronicles the love of a young American ambulance driver for a beautiful English nurse on the Italian front during the Great War, said History.com.
“A Farewell to Arms” weaves an enduring story of love and war while creating a historically accurate depiction of the Battle of Caporetto and fighting on the Italian front against German attacks, recounted the National Veterans Memorial and Museum.
Amid World War I, the interior of an American barracks at Lux (Côte-d’Or, France), in 1918. (adoc-photos/Getty Images)
“What makes this novel so interesting is that a prominent portion of ‘A Farewell to Arms’ was written autobiographically,” noted the same source.
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“Hemingway himself volunteered to be an ambulance driver on the Italian front during the First World War and served for 10 months in Europe. He experienced the harsh realities of war without serving as a soldier and even sustained injuries due to a mortar shelling on July 8, 1918.”
Hemingway was the first American awarded the Italian Silver Medal of Valor for carrying a wounded Italian soldier to safety, even though badly wounded himself, according to the National Veterans Memorial and Museum.
“Due to his own injuries, Hemingway was transferred to a hospital in Milan and was rendered incapable of continuing his duties as an ambulance driver.”
“Due to his own injuries, Hemingway was transferred to a hospital in Milan and was rendered incapable of continuing his duties as an ambulance driver, which ultimately ended his tenure with the Red Cross,” the same source stated.
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“A Farewell to Arms” tells how American lieutenant Frederic Henry, while working with the Italian ambulance service during World War I, meets English nurse Catherine Barkley, said Britannica.com.
“Although she still mourns the death of her fiancé, who was killed in the war, Catherine encourages Frederic’s advances,” the same source recounted.
“After he is badly wounded by a trench mortar shell near the Isonzo River in Italy, he is brought to a hospital in Milan, where he is eventually joined by Catherine.”
American novelist Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) in Stresa, circa 1955. (Keystone/Getty Images)
As he recovers, Catherine tends to him — and during this time, time their relationship deepens.
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Henry confesses he’s in love with her, and Catherine soon becomes pregnant by Frederic, chronicles Britannica.com.
The storyline continues when a hospital employee discovers that Frederic has hid alcohol in his hospital room and he is sent back to the front.
Following the Battle of Caporetto (1917), he deserts the army, escaping execution by Italian military police.
He soon learns that she has been sent to Stresa, travels there by train — and reunites with Catherine.
Then, while in Milan, Frederic searches for Catherine.
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He soon learns that she has been sent to Stresa, travels there by train — and reunites with Catherine. The pair flee Italy by crossing the border into neutral Switzerland, noted Britannica.com.
He and Catherine are arrested by Swiss border authorities, but the couple are permitted to stay in Switzerland.
After living together for a bit in Switzerland, Catherine goes into labor. Sadly, their son is born stillborn — and Catherine hemorrhages and dies.
This March 14, 1946, file photo shows author Ernest Hemingway with his then-new wife, Mary Welsh, after their wedding in Havana, Cuba. (The Associated Press/File)
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The storyline for the book is based somewhat on Hemingway’s own experiences.
“Severely wounded, he recuperated in a Red Cross hospital in Milan where he fell in love with one of his nurses,” stated the National Endowment of the Arts.
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“This relationship proved the model for Frederic and Catherine’s tragic romance in ‘A Farewell to Arms.’”
And, even though the end of the story was different than Hemingway’s life — both stories are tragic. “Both Hemingway and Frederic get left alone and hurt, without their love,” said the University of Michigan.
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In 1953, Hemingway received the Pulitzer Prize in fiction for “The Old Man and the Sea” (1952), a short heroic novel about an old Cuban fisherman who, after an extended struggle, hooks a giant marlin only to have it eaten by sharks during the long voyage home, according to Britannica.com.
In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
The Swedish Academy, which presented the honor, said of the-then 55-year-old American author, in its citation: He was awarded the honor “for his powerful, style-forming mastery of the art of modern narration, as most recently evinced in ‘The Old Man and the Sea,’” according to The New York Times.
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Hemingway was 61 years old when he died by suicide on July 2, 1961.
Policies strengthening housing code enforcement and integrating housing interventions into public health strategies are critical steps for improving the health outcomes of Milwaukee families.
Letters to the Editor | Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
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Watch Milwaukee’s city attorney discuss lawsuits against landlord
Milwaukee City Attorney Evan Goyke discusses two lawsuits filed against Highgrove Holdings, LLC during a press conference.
The deterioration of housing quality in Milwaukee is not just a policy or economic issue; it’s a vivid illustration of the importance of public health initiatives.
As a medical student, I have seen how unstable housing complicates chronic conditions and contributes to repeated healthcare encounters. The articles “Milwaukee city attorney slaps out-of-state landlord with lawsuits” (March 26) and “Low-income Milwaukee families face systemic failures we must fix” (April 12) are prime examples of the ways Milwaukee landlords are contributing to health inequities. Residents reported experiencing leaky roofs, pest infestations, chipping paint, lack of running water and lack of heat.
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These conditions disproportionately affect low-income renters, reflecting longstanding patterns of disinvestment and weak enforcement of housing standards. Leaking roofs promote mold growth in homes, which is associated with asthma exacerbation and other respiratory illnesses. Chipping paint increases risk of lead poisoning, which can cause irreversible neurological changes in children. Lack of heat can worsen chronic disease, including cardiovascular conditions, and lead to cold-related injuries, such as frostbite.
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This blatant disregard of tenants is negligent.
Safe housing is foundational to health. Policies strengthening housing code enforcement and integrating housing interventions into public health strategies are critical steps for improving the health outcomes of Milwaukee families.
Olivia Avery, Madison
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MINNEAPOLIS (FOX 9) – A high-speed crash involving a stolen car and a state trooper’s squad car sent the patrol car into a Minneapolis home, leaving several people in the hospital.
How the crash unfolded in south Minneapolis
What we know:
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Investigators say the crash happened at the intersection of West 46th Street and Aldrich Avenue South in south Minneapolis, where a stolen vehicle slammed into a state trooper’s squad car at nearly 80 mph. The impact sent the squad car crashing into a home, leaving debris scattered across the yard and causing major damage to the house.
Tom Abresch was inside his home Friday night, just falling asleep, when the squad car came crashing in. “I was just laying right by that second window, and I just laid down, and all sudden, it went boom. My ears just popped. I mean, the compression from the car hitting us, and I thought we were being attacked,” said Abresch.
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The crash left the front of the squad car stuck underneath part of the house. Abresch described the aftermath, saying, “It looks like over my whole porch, half the home, is gonna have to be taken down and be rebuilt.”
Police say the trooper had to be extricated from the vehicle and was taken to the hospital, along with passengers from the stolen car. All three people in the suspect’s car suffered serious injuries, as did the trooper.
The moments leading up to the crash
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What we know:
Investigators say the incident started around 10:45 p.m. in St. Paul’s Highland Park neighborhood, when a Ramsey County sheriff’s deputy spotted a stolen Hyundai. The deputy tried to stop the driver but called off the pursuit after losing sight of the vehicle.
A state patrol helicopter then tracked the suspect’s car from above. “I looked out the back window, and the first thing that I did see is a helicopter was right above us,” said Abresch.
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Police say the driver was going recklessly and didn’t have headlights on. The driver blew through a stop sign at 80 miles an hour, crashing into the trooper’s squad car and sending it into Abresch’s house.
The 19-year-old driver tried to run but was quickly taken into custody. “There’s three people, and one of them had taken off and ran around the back of our building, ran all the way down,” said Abresch.
Multiple Fatal Shootings Rock Indianapolis in Overnight Violence
INDIANAPOLIS — A series of overnight shootings across Indianapolis left at least two people dead and several others injured, capping a violent stretch that kept police and emergency crews moving from scene to scene late Saturday into early Sunday.
Officers with the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department were dispatched to multiple locations across the city over a span of several hours. Each call involved reports of gunfire, and in several cases, victims were found suffering from gunshot wounds when officers arrived.
On the near north side, police discovered a victim who had been shot. Medics attempted life saving measures at the scene, but the individual was pronounced dead. Authorities have not released the victim’s identity as they work to notify family members.
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A second deadly shooting unfolded on the west side of the city. In that case, officers again arrived to find a victim in critical condition. The individual was transported for medical care but later died from their injuries. Investigators have not disclosed what led up to the shooting.
Beyond the two fatalities, several other people were wounded in separate incidents across Indianapolis during the same time period. Some victims were taken to area hospitals in stable condition, while others suffered more serious injuries. Police have not confirmed an exact total of those hurt, but officials described the number of incidents as significant for a single night.
Detectives believe the shootings occurred in different areas and under separate circumstances. At this stage, there is no clear indication that the incidents are connected, though investigators are continuing to examine any possible links. Crime scene technicians worked through the night collecting evidence, while detectives began interviewing witnesses and reviewing any available surveillance footage.
No arrests have been announced in connection with the shootings. Police are asking anyone with information to contact authorities, stressing that tips from the public can play a critical role in identifying those responsible.
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The wave of violence comes as Indianapolis continues to confront ongoing concerns about gun violence, particularly during weekend hours when multiple incidents often occur within a short period of time. City leaders and community leaders have repeatedly emphasized the need for conflict resolution, responsible gun ownership, and stronger community engagement to help reduce these incidents.
As the investigations continue, families are left mourning loved ones while police work to determine what sparked the deadly encounters and who may be responsible.