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‘Kony 2012,’ 10 Years Later

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Initially of 2012, a lot of the world had by no means heard of Joseph Kony, a Central African warlord accountable, by UNICEF’s rely, for abducting tens of 1000’s of kids to enslave them and use them as troopers, and for displacing greater than 2.5 million folks all through the area.

However that may change on March 5. Jason Russell, a founding father of the nonprofit Invisible Youngsters, had directed a movie known as “Kony 2012” that was meant to reveal a violent disaster.

“We felt if folks within the Western world knew about this atrocity, it’d cease in days,” Mr. Russell, 43, stated in a cellphone interview.

Within the video, launched on YouTube by Invisible Youngsters, Mr. Russell explains the battle in easy phrases suited to his 5-year-old son, Gavin, who seems within the video alongside inspirational photos of defiant Ugandan youngsters and activists in North America. On the finish, Mr. Russell points a name to motion: for celebrities, policymakers and anybody else watching to assist make Joseph Kony a family title.

When Oprah Winfrey tweeted “Kony 2012,” its views rose from 66,000 to 9 million, in response to Gilad Lotan, an information scientist who compiled a visible evaluation of its unfold. Justin Bieber, Rihanna and Kim Kardashian shared it, too. Inside every week, the video had hit 100 million — a report on YouTube on the time — and Mr. Kony had turn into the goal of a world civilian manhunt.

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Ten years on, Mr. Kony stays at massive, Gavin has began highschool, and Mr. Russell remains to be grappling with the combined legacy of “Kony 2012.” At a time when a continuing stream of movies on TikTok, Instagram and Twitter is illustrating the real-time destruction of Ukrainian cities by Russian forces, the movie reads as each a relic of what specialists have described as a techno-optimistic post-Arab Spring digital panorama and a precursor to an period of seemingly countless footage of violence and battle on social media.

Invisible Youngsters, which was based in 2004 by Mr. Russell, Bobby Bailey and Laren Poole, had screened movies about Mr. Kony and his insurgent group, the Lord’s Resistance Military, at occasions across the nation, reaching a complete of 5 million viewers, in response to Mr. Russell. “Kony 2012,” he stated, was “the primary time we aggressively went after social media.”

In his evaluation of the video’s unfold, Mr. Lotan, the information scientist, famous dense clusters of exercise in Dayton, Ohio, and Birmingham, Ala., two cities the place Invisible Youngsters had stopped on tour.

The unfold of the movie on the web opened the group as much as every kind of critiques. Folks on-line debated the movie’s racial politics, the ethics of humanitarianism and the utility of “slacktivism,” the equation of likes and shares with motion.

“The highest criticism that I’ve examine through the years is the oversimplification of a posh subject,” Mr. Russell stated. “To that I’d say, ‘I hear you, however to make one thing go viral’ — our purpose was to simplify a posh subject — ‘that’s what it’s important to do.’ In a way it’s meant as a criticism, however I noticed it as a praise.”

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On the time, the eye the movie acquired turned overwhelming for Mr. Russell, who was filmed strolling bare round his neighborhood, yelling obscenities simply over every week after its launch. “There are only a few examples of people that have been publicly shamed and put beneath that white-hot mild that don’t have some sort of breakdown,” he stated.

The footage was bought to TMZ, in response to Mr. Russell, and #Horny2012 overtook #Kony2012 in trending hashtags on Twitter, as inaccurate stories surfaced that he had been masturbating in public. What started as an earnest try at consciousness elevating had turn into a meme.

However the movie clearly struck a chord with viewers, tapping into what Jonah Berger, a advertising and marketing professor on the Wharton Faculty of the College of Pennsylvania and the creator of “Contagious: Why Issues Catch On,” refers to as STEPPS: social forex, triggers, emotion, public sensible worth and story. These elements attraction to our psychological make-up and primary human motivations, Professor Berger stated.

Eric Meyerson, the previous head of companion advertising and marketing at YouTube, stated that, on the time, “Kony 2012” leaned on the emotional qualities of the web’s most resonant movies. Its first three minutes embody footage of the Arab Spring and a toddler driving his bike for the primary time.

“They had been the movies that we at YouTube had been attempting to advertise on the time, to submit for Webbys, the sorts of movies that may encourage good emotions, that are what convey folks again to a platform,” Mr. Meyerson stated. He added that in some circumstances viewers had been left with the sensation that by consuming and sharing content material, “they had been serving to to alter the world.”

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When Mr. Meyerson joined Fb in 2015 to guide its video advertising and marketing staff, that earnest sense of chance nonetheless stood. However after the introduction of Fb Dwell in August, the temper shifted, as graphic live-streamed footage began to seem.

“Then we had the rise of faux information, Brexit, Trump’s election,” he stated, “and rapidly, by the tip of 2016, it went from ‘social media can change the world for the higher’ to ‘Fb and YouTube and Twitter are destroying democracy.’” The conversations that quickly adopted had been targeted on algorithms, echo chambers and “post-truth” politics.

“The early 2010s was extremely pivotal in altering our present info setting, and it doesn’t get the eye it deserves,” Mr. Meyerson stated.

Now, the earliest photos of battle and disaster usually come to us by means of social media, and are knowledgeable by the platforms the place they’re shared. “The appearance of digital conflict has challenged the mainstream media and different elite actors of their capability to form what conflict appears like,” stated Andrew Hoskins, an interdisciplinary analysis professor on the College of Glasgow.

“Taking a look at Twitter proper now may be very attention-grabbing,” he stated, referring to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has been known as the primary TikTok conflict. The immense quantity of “footage that floods our consciousness of battle,” he stated — open-source intelligence, citizen journalism on TikTok — “may revolutionize conflict, however it may make no distinction in any respect.”

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In 2017, the USA and Uganda scaled again a mission to seize Mr. Kony, stating that he not represented a regional risk. “Atrocities dedicated by the L.R.A. have been diminished by 80 %,” Samuel Enosa Peni, the archbishop of the Western Equatoria State, wrote in an e-mail. (He has misplaced three siblings to the military.)

As we speak, Invisible Youngsters is targeted solely on native applications in Central Africa. Social media performs a minor position in its technique.

Mr. Russell has additionally dialed again his digital presence. “Whereas we now have the media literacy to debunk issues like QAnon theories,” he stated, “I can’t assist that the web nonetheless type of triggers me.”

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A member of the 'T-Shirt Swim Club' chronicles life as 'the funny fat kid'

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A member of the 'T-Shirt Swim Club' chronicles life as 'the funny fat kid'

“The first place I learned to be funny was on the schoolyard trying to defuse this weird tension around my body, says Ian Karmel. He won an Emmy Award in 2019 for his work on James Corden’s “Carpool Karaoke” special with Paul McCartney.

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Kenny McMillan/Penguin Random House

Comedy writer Ian Karmel spent most of his life making fun of his weight, starting at a very young age.

“Being a kid is terrifying — and if you can be the funny fat kid, at least that’s a role,” Karmel says. “To me, that was better than being the fat kid who wasn’t funny, who’s being sad over in the corner, even if that was how I was actually feeling a lot of the time.”

For Karmel, the jokes and insults didn’t stop with adolescence. He says the humiliation he experienced as a kid navigating gym classes, and the relentless barrage of fat jokes from friends and strangers, fueled his comedy.

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For years, much of his stand-up comedy centered around his body; he was determined to make fun of himself first — before anyone else could do it. “At least if we’re destroying me, I will be participating in my own self-destruction so I can at least find a role for myself,” he says.

Karmel went on to write for The Late Late Show with James Corden. He has since lost more than 200 pounds, but he feels like he’ll have a lifelong relationship with fatness. He wrote his new memoir, T-Shirt Swim Club: Stories from Being Fat in a World of Thin People, along with his sister Alisa, who channeled her experience into a profession in nutrition counseling.

“Once we lost a bunch of weight … we realized we’d never had these conversations about it with each other,” Karmel says. “If this book affects even the way one person thinks about fat people, even if that fat person happens to be themselves, that would be this book succeeding in every way that I would hope for.”

Interview highlights

On using the word “fat”

There’s all these different terms. And, you know, early on when I was talking to Alisa about writing this book, we were like: “Are we going to say fat? I think we shouldn’t say fat.” And we had a conversation about it. We landed on the determination that it’s not the word’s fault that people treat fat people like garbage. And we tend to do this thing where we will bring in a new word, we will load that word up with all of the sin of our behavior, toss that word out, pull a new one in, and then all of a sudden, we let that word soak up all the sin, and we never really change the way we actually treat people. …

I’ve been called fat, overweight or obese, husky, big guy, chunky, any number of words, all of those words just loaded up with venom. … We decided we were going to say “fat” because that’s what we are. That’s what I think of myself as. And I’m going to take it back to basics.

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On the title of his memoir, T-Shirt Swim Club

T-Shirt Swim Club: Stories from Being Fat in a World of Thin People

T-Shirt Swim Club

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Penguin Random House

Thank God for learning about the damage that the sun does to our bodies, because now all sorts of people are wearing T-shirts in the pool. But when we were growing up, I don’t think that was happening. It’s absurd. We wear this T-shirt because we … want to protect ourselves from prying eyes — but I think what it really is is this internalized body shame where I’m like, “Hey, I know my body’s disgusting. I know I’m going to gross you out while you’re just trying to have a good time at the pool, so let me put this T-shirt on.” And it’s all the more ridiculous because it doesn’t change anything. It doesn’t actually cover you up, it hugs every curve!

On how bullying made him paranoid

You think like, if four or five people are saying this to my face, then there must be vast whisper campaigns. That must be what they’re huddled over. … Anytime somebody giggles in the corner and you are in that same room, you become paranoid. There’s a part of you that thinks like, they must be laughing at me.

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On how fat people are portrayed in pop culture

Fat people, I think, are still one of the groups that it’s definitely OK to make fun of. That’s absolutely true. … I’m part of this industry too, and I’ve done it to myself. … Maybe it’s less on the punch line 1719964293 and more on the pity. You know, you have Brendan Fraser playing the big fat guy in The Whale. And at least that’s somebody who is fat and who has dealt with those issues. Maybe not to the extent of like a 500- and 600-pound man, but still to some extent. And good for him. I mean, an amazing performance, but still one where it’s like, here’s this big, fat, pathetic person.

On judgment about weight loss drugs and surgery

It’s this ridiculous moral purity. What it comes down to for me is you [have] your loved ones, you have your friends. And whatever you can do to spend more time on earth with those people, that’s golden to me. That’s beautiful, because that is what life is truly all about. And the more you get to do that, the healthier and happier you are. So those people out there who are shaming Ozempic or Wegovy or any of that stuff, or bariatric surgery, those people can pound sand. And it’s so hard in a world that is built for people who are regular size, and in a world that is also simultaneously built to make you as fat as possible with the way we treat food. It’s like, yo, do the best you can!

Therese Madden and Joel Wolfram produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper and Beth Novey adapted it for the web.

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Christopher Reeve's Son Will Reeve to Cameo in James Gunn's 'Superman'

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Christopher Reeve's Son Will Reeve to Cameo in James Gunn's 'Superman'

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Dining out with a big group? Learn the social etiquette of splitting the check

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Dining out with a big group? Learn the social etiquette of splitting the check

Let’s say you’re at a restaurant with a group of friends. You ordered appetizers, maybe got a bottle of wine for the table, went all in for dessert … then the bill arrives.

No one is offering to cover the whole tab. So how do you handle the check? Do you split it evenly among everyone at the table? What if you only got a salad while your buddy got the surf and turf special?

Splitting the bill is a fine art. Whether you’re eating family-style at a Korean barbecue joint or having a three-course meal at a fancy restaurant, there should be “a sense of equality in how the check is divvied up” when the meal ends, says Kiki Aranita, a food editor at New York Magazine and the former co-chef and owner of Poi Dog, a Hawaiian restaurant in Philadelphia.

She goes over common scenarios you may encounter while dining out with a large group — and how to dial down the awkwardness by keeping things fair and square.

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Scenario 1: I arrived to dinner late. Everyone at the table already ordered drinks and appetizers and are about to order their entrees. What should I do?

When you’re ready to order, tell your server you want your food and drinks on a separate check, says Aranita. “It’s easier to deal with than having to split a check in complicated percentages at the end of the night.”

If you do choose separate checks, tell your server that at the start of the meal, not the end. That way they can make note of everyone’s individual orders. Not every establishment offers this option, but it doesn’t hurt to ask.

Scenario 2: Everyone ordered alcohol except me — and now they want to split the tab fair and square!

Speak up, says Aranita. “Just be like, ‘Hey guys — I didn’t drink.’ Usually, that’s enough for everyone to reconfigure the bill to make it fairer. The problems only arise when you don’t speak up.”

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If you are ordering round after round of $20 cocktail drinks, be conscious of the people in your party who didn’t order as much as you. When the bill arrives, “maybe pick up a larger portion of the tip” to make up for your drinks, says Aranita.

Scenario 3: We’re a party of six. Is it OK to ask the server to split the check six ways?

Many restaurants now have updated point-of-sale systems that make it easier for servers to split the check in myriad ways, says Aranita. But it doesn’t always mean you should ask them to do so.

Aranita, who has also been a bartender and server, recommends a maximum of two to four credit cards. Servers “have enough to deal with” when working with a large party, especially on a busy night. And running several cards with different tip percentages isn’t ideal.

“If you’re a party of six, just put down two credit cards” and Venmo each other what you owe, she says. This approach also works out great for that person in your group who’s obsessed with racking up credit card points. 

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Scenario 4: It’s my birthday. My friends should pay for my meal, right?

In American culture, it’s assumed that if your friends take you out to dinner for your birthday, they will cover your meal. But that’s not always the case, says Aranita.

If you set up your own birthday dinner, don’t expect to people to pay for you, she says. You picked the restaurant and invited your friends on your terms. So in this scenario, put down your card at the end of the meal. Your dining mates may pick up your tab, but if they don’t, “that’s perfectly fine. You’re saying: ‘I can celebrate me and also pay for me.’ ”

Scenario 5: It’s my friends’ first time at my favorite restaurant. I’m going to order an appetizer that I think everyone at the table will love. We’re all splitting the cost of that, right?

It can be easy to get swept away by the menu at a favorite restaurant, but don’t assume your dining partners share the same enthusiasm for the twice-fried onion rings. “You have to get their consent at the beginning of the meal. Say, ‘hey, is it cool if I order appetizers for the table?’ ” says Aranita. If you forgot to ask this question, assume that you will pay for the order.

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This episode was produced by Sylvie Douglis. The digital story was edited by Meghan Keane. The visual editor is Beck Harlan. We’d love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823, or email us at LifeKit@npr.org.

Listen to Life Kit on Apple Podcasts and Spotify, and sign up for our newsletter.

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