Pedro Almodóvar, the Spanish director known for brightly colored films filled with melodramatic plot twists, has unveiled his first English-language feature film. The Room Next Door dives into the inevitability of death and its inextricable ties to life.

“I don’t believe in God… I don’t accept death,” the 75-year-old director told NPR’s A Martínez. His unease is shared with Ingrid, played by Julianne Moore. Her long-lost friend Martha (Tilda Swinton) has a failed cancer treatment and asks Ingrid to accompany her during her last days in upstate New York.

“As Julianne said at the beginning of the movie, it’s unnatural that something that is alive should die,” Almodóvar added. He wrote the script, which was adapted from part of Sigrid Nunez’s novel What Are You Going Through (2020).

Every morning, Ingrid (Julianne Moore) looks up the staircase at her friend Martha’s door. If it’s closed, Martha has said that means she has taken a lethal pill and is now dead.

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The film received the top prize (Golden Lion) at the Venice Film Festival. While it was snubbed for the best picture race in Spain’s Goya Awards, the director and his two leads all got individual nods. Swinton was also nominated as best actress for the Golden Globes.

Almodóvar says he chose to shoot The Room Next Door in English simply because the story called for it. Martha wants to die on her own terms, painlessly and peacefully, by ingesting a euthanasia pill she purchased on the dark web.

Euthanasia is legal in Spain. But it’s still banned in the United States, although some jurisdictions like Washington, D.C. and Oregon allow assisted suicide.

“If I am terribly sick, if life doesn’t offer me anything but pain, then I want to be the owner of my death,” Almodóvar said. “And I think this is a human right that we all have.”

Almodóvar’s idiosyncrasies fill The Room Next Door, including his use of saturated colors. Red, the color of blood flowing through arteries, is especially prevalent throughout this film.

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Parallel to Martha’s path toward death is Ingrid’s transformation in overcoming her own anxiety over the ethical and legal dilemma of helping Martha end her life.

In the stylish home in the woods where Martha spends her final days, there are three characters — the two women and death itself, the director explains. “Ingrid learns in that kind of sweet, apocalyptic moment how to appreciate the small things in life. She learns to appreciate nature: snow falling, dawn rising, the chirping of the birds.”

James Joyce’s short story The Dead is quoted, while pink snow falls on the scenery: “His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead.”

It’s not all doom and gloom — there are moments of lightness and many of reflection. Almodóvar had initially scripted a lot more dark, wry humor, saying Swinton was up for it but Moore “was a little less so because she was afraid that it might offend people.”

L to R: Tilda Swinton, director Pedro Almodóvar and Julianne Moore appear on the set of The Room Next Door

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Almodóvar has his own ways of processing the fragility of life — by creating. “Pleasure for me is a way of running away from death, by writing and making movies,” he said.

In Pain and Glory (2019), the mother of a writer-director (Antonio Banderas) gives specific directions about how she wants to be dressed and made up after she dies. Almodóvar, who infuses his films with parts of his own life, says he had the same experience with his own mother.

The plot of this story may have called for it, but the decision to shoot his 23rd feature film in English was not an easy one for Almodóvar, who apologized for his “very bad” English in the interview and at times spoke through an interpreter.

He tested the waters first with two 30-minute shorts in English, Strange Way of Life and The Human Voice (the latter features Swinton). The experience, he said, “was like doing my first movie. I was very excited.”

Director Pedro Almodóvar operates a camera on the set of The Room Next Door

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Almodóvar then had planned to direct a feature with Cate Blanchett based on Lucia Berlin’s collection of short stories A Manual for Cleaning Women. But the travel required for the monumental project proved too daunting for Almodóvar, who had back pain after surgery, and he pulled out.

Creating The Room Next Door, which was largely shot in Madrid, has left Almodóvar “much more open to make a movie in English than before.” While it would depend on the story at play, “I discovered that I could understand the actors and the actors also understood me.”

The broadcast version of this story was produced by Barry Gordemer. The digital version was edited by Majd al-Waheidi.

The bald eagle has been a symbol of the United States for centuries, with its iconography plastered across currency, documents, flags, stamps, government buildings, military uniforms and more.

You’d be forgiven for thinking it’s America’s national bird. But the fine print doesn’t officially say so — at least not yet.

On Monday, the House of Representatives passed a bill amending the U.S. Code to officially designate the bald eagle (aka Haliaeetus leucocephalus) as the country’s national bird.

The Senate already passed the bill, with bipartisan support, in July. Now it just needs President Biden’s signature to become the law of the land.

“Today, we rightfully recognize the bald eagle as our official national bird — bestowing an honor that is long overdue,” said Rep. Brad Finstad, the Minnesota Republican who introduced the House version of the bill earlier this year.

So why did the recognition take so long, and how did it finally become a reality? Americans have one dogged eagle enthusiast to thank.

How bald eagles became America’s unofficial bird

The presidential seal, like the logos of many federal institutions, stars a bald eagle.

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Eagles have been used as a symbol of strength since ancient Rome, so it’s not surprising that they soared into American iconography too.

After the U.S.’ founding in 1776, three different committees tried unsuccessfully to come up with an official seal that would satisfy Congress.

Eventually, Charles Thomson, the secretary of Congress, combined elements from all three proposals into what is now known as the Great Seal, featuring an eagle front and center, clasping an olive branch and arrows in its talons.

The original proposal depicted a small, white eagle. Thomson recommended it be replaced with a bald eagle, a species native to North America.

Congress adopted the design in 1782, cementing the bald eagle’s status as an American icon.

The species’ popularity has continued to soar ever since. In addition to its official appearances, the bald eagle can be seen today decorating all sorts of patriotic merchandise, serving as the mascot for hundreds of schools and even flying over major sporting events.

A Minnesota eagle enthusiast lobbied for their recognition 

That’s why Preston Cook was shocked to learn that bald eagles aren’t technically America’s national bird.

Cook, 78, has devoted much of his life to studying and honoring the species.

“I saw a movie in 1966 called A Thousand Clowns, and it had one line in it: ‘You can’t have too many eagles,’” Cook told MPR News in November. “And that inspired me. So I left the movie theater thinking, ‘I want to collect eagles.’”

Over the decades he’s amassed more than 40,000 bald eagle items, from pins to paintings to playing cards, a collection that currently lives at the National Eagle Center in Wabasha, Minn. (He doesn’t play favorites, but counts the eagle buttons issued to him on his military dress uniform in 1966 among the most meaningful.)

Around 2010, while doing research for a book about the birds, Cook realized he could not find “anything whatsoever that the bald eagle had ever been legislatively designated as our national bird nor any presidential proclamation,” as he told NPR’s All Things Considered this week.

Alarmed, Cook wrote a letter to the late Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California. She sent staffers to the National Archives, who did more research and ultimately confirmed his hunch.

The U.S. recognizes the rose as its national flower, the oak as its national tree and the bison as its national mammal. But nowhere does it legally establish a national bird.

Cook took it upon himself to change that. After years of lobbying lawmakers, he joined forces with the National Eagle Center last year to write what he calls “a very simple bill.” But getting lawmakers on board wasn’t easy, in part because so many figured bald eagles already held the distinction.

“It was a little bit of a challenge in the beginning because they wouldn’t believe me,” Cook said, adding that Feinstein’s letter helped. “So they did their research and came up with the same conclusion I came up with: It is not our national bird, and we don’t have a national bird.”

Bald eagles are a symbol of resilience in more ways than one

Bald eagles were endangered for many decades before federal protections led to their recovery. They were removed from the Endangered Species list in 2007.

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Minnesota Sens. Amy Klobuchar and Tina Smith were among the bipartisan co-sponsors of the Senate bill, and Minnesota Reps. Brad Finstad and Angie Craig introduced it in the House.

It makes sense that the proposed bill was popular in Minnesota, as the state has the second-highest number of bald eagles after Alaska, MPR News reports. As Klobuchar said in a statement, “we know a thing or two about eagles.”

An estimated 316,700 bald eagles populated the lower 48 states as of 2020, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which says that number had quadrupled since its last data set a decade earlier.

Bald eagles lived peacefully among Indigenous Americans (who consider them sacred) for generations and were abundant in the U.S. when they were chosen as the star of the seal in 1782. But their population has dwindled dangerously at times since.

For many decades they were considered an endangered species, largely due to “human ignorance and persecution by pesticides, careless shootings, car and powerline collisions and loss of habitat for nesting and foraging,” according to the National Audubon Society.

Congress passed the Bald Eagle Protection Act in 1940, making it illegal to possess, kill or sell the birds. But in that decade, a new threat emerged: the insecticide DDT, which caused eggshells to thin and easily break.

By 1963, there were a record-low 417 nesting pairs in the lower 48.

But federal protections saved the species from near-extinction.

After the U.S. banned DDT in 1972 (and Canada the following year), the bald eagle population increased exponentially. By 2007, they were removed from the Endangered Species list and considered officially “recovered.”

Ed Hahn, the communications director at the National Eagle Center, hopes the bird’s legacy holds lessons for the management of other species, whether they are nationally recognized or not

“When we look at some of the issues that are facing other natural resources today, we can look again at our living national symbol and now our official national bird,” Hahn told MPR News. “It shows what we are able and willing to do when we truly value something, when it’s important to us.”