Health
Men’s brains shrink faster than women’s; researchers explore Alzheimer’s connection
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A new study may challenge what we thought we knew about brain aging.
Scientists have discovered that men’s brains shrink faster than women’s as they grow older, even though women are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease.
The research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, analyzed more than 12,000 brain scans from nearly 5,000 healthy people between the ages of 17 and 95. Each participant had at least two MRI scans taken over time, allowing scientists to gauge how their brains changed as they aged.
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Researcher Anne Ravndal of the University of Oslo in Norway said her team wanted to test whether the higher Alzheimer’s rate in women could be linked to gender differences in the brain.
“Women are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease more often than men, and since aging is the main risk factor, we wanted to test whether men’s and women’s brains change differently with age,” she told Fox News Digital.
A new study shows women’s brains don’t shrink as quickly as men’s in old age, although women still have higher rates of Alzheimer’s diagnoses. (iStock)
Men showed a faster rate of brain shrinkage across more regions than women. Areas related to memory, emotion and sensory processing — like the hippocampus and parahippocampal regions — were especially affected, the study found.
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Women’s brains, by contrast, appeared to maintain their size in more areas, though they did show slightly more enlargement in the brain’s fluid-filled spaces, known as ventricles.
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“Our findings show that men experience greater structural brain decline across more regions, meaning that normal brain aging doesn’t explain the sex difference in Alzheimer’s rates,” Ravndal said.
One hypothesis is that women get more checkups than men and are diagnosed more often with Alzheimer’s. (iStock)
Because women are still diagnosed with the disease nearly twice as often, researchers concluded that brain size changes alone can’t explain that gap.
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“The results instead point toward other possible explanations, such as differences in longevity, diagnostic patterns or biological factors,” said Ravndal.
For example, women tend to live longer, which increases the window of time during which Alzheimer’s can develop. Shifts in estrogen during menopause could also affect how brain cells age, experts say.
One potential reason for the higher rate of Alzheimer’s in women could be changes in estrogen and other hormones as they age. (iStock)
Some researchers have noted that women may simply be diagnosed more often because they’re more likely to seek medical help when memory problems appear.
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One limitation of the study is that it only looked at healthy people, not those who were already showing signs of dementia, Ravndal acknowledged. The participants were also generally well-educated and came from multiple study sites.
Ravndal emphasized that the work isn’t meant to guide individual health decisions.
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“The study is not about making direct recommendations for individuals — rather, it helps refine scientific understanding by showing that normal brain aging does not account for women’s higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease,” she said.
The researcher added that “future work needs to identify the mechanisms that do.”
Health
Marriage status has surprising link to cancer risk, study suggests: ‘Clear signal’
Marriage linked to lower cancer risk, study finds
Dr. Namrata Vijayvergia, a medical oncologist, shares insights into recent studies on health and lifestyle, explaining why marriage correlates with lower cancer risk due to better social support and healthy behaviors.
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Adults who never married are significantly more likely to develop cancer, according to new research from the University of Miami.
A large study of more than 4 million Americans across 12 states found that this increased risk spans nearly every major cancer type. It is especially true for preventable cancers, such as types caused by smoking and infection.
Men who never married were found to have a 70% higher likelihood of cancer than their married counterparts. For women, that gap was even wider, with never-married individuals facing an 85% higher risk.
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Previous research has linked marriage to better survival rates after a diagnosis, but this is one of the first studies to show that marital status could be a major indicator of whether a person will develop cancer in the first place.
“These findings suggest that social factors such as marital status may serve as important markers of cancer risk at the population level,” study co-author Paulo Pinheiro, a research professor of epidemiology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, said in a press release.
Adults who never married are significantly more likely to develop cancer, according to new research from the University of Miami. (Getty Images)
Between 2015 and 2022, the team examined cancer cases diagnosed at age 30 or older and compared the rates of various cancers to the marital status of participants. They then broke down the data by sex and race and adjusted for age.
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Adult men who were never married had approximately five times the rate of anal cancer compared to married men, the study found.
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Adult women who were never married had nearly three times the rate of cervical cancer compared to women who were or had been married.
“It’s a clear and powerful signal that some individuals are at a greater risk,” Frank Penedo, director of the Sylvester Survivorship and Supportive Care Institute at the University of Miami, said in the release.
For women, being married (and often, by extension, having children) was associated with lower risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers. (iStock)
For women, being married (and often, by extension, having children) was associated with lower risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers, likely due to hormonal and biological factors associated with pregnancy, according to the researchers.
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Experts stressed that these findings do not mean marriage alone can protect against cancer.
“It means that if you’re not married, you should be paying extra attention to cancer risk factors, getting any screenings you may need, and staying up to date on healthcare,” Penedo said.
Experts stressed that these findings do not mean marriage alone can protect against cancer. (iStock)
The researchers also hypothesized that people who smoke less, drink less and take better care of themselves may be more likely to get married, meaning other factors could influence the findings.
More research is needed to confirm the outcome, they noted.
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The study was published in the journal Cancer Research Communications.
Health
This everyday drinking pattern could quietly raise liver disease risk
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Top stories
→ Widespread drinking habit could triple risk of advanced liver condition
→ Deadly bacterial disease could be stopped by pantry staple
→ Common vaccine slashes Alzheimer’s disease risk when dose is increased
Even occasional binge drinking could triple the risk of a serious liver condition, a new study suggests. (iStock)
On the lookout
→ 5 key factors may predict stroke risk years after first event
→ Unexplained shoulder pain could signal dangerous health condition
→ Experts reveal hidden link between poor sleep and Alzheimer’s disease
Monica Deyanira Cabrera Barajas, 26, underwent a 20-minute extraction that turned into a high-stakes medical procedure. (Jam Press)
Conversation starters
→ Woman swallows nose ring, finds it traveled to her lungs
→ Divorce boom may follow use of Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs
→ Drug-soaked paper is killing inmates amid reports of prison smuggling
On the table
→ Popular food additive linked to higher health risks in adults over 60
→ One simple eating habit may help boost weight loss
→ Hospital food could be harming America’s sickest patients
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Health
Common vaccine slashes Alzheimer’s disease risk when dose is increased
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A new, stronger flu shot could slash Alzheimer’s risk in half, according to new data.
The study, led by researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), found that adults 65 and older who received a high-dose influenza vaccine had a significantly lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease compared to those who received the standard dose.
The immune system naturally weakens with age, making older adults less responsive to standard vaccines. To combat this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a high-dose flu vaccine for people over 65. This version is approximately four times stronger than the standard shot.
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Alzheimer’s disease, a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, affects more than 6 million Americans, most of them age 65 or older.
Dr. Marc Siegel, a Fox News senior medical contributor, weighed in on the impact of the flu shot on Alzheimer’s risk.
Alzheimer’s disease, a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, affects more than 6 million Americans, most of them age 65 or older. (iStock)
As the vaccine directly affects the immune system, it is possible that this interaction could decrease inflammation in the body and “thereby indirectly decrease Alzheimer’s risk,” Siegel, who was not involved in the research, told Fox News Digital.
“Flu shots and their components do not cross the blood-brain barrier, meaning they aren’t directly affecting brain cells.”
“We can’t conclude from this that it is the flu shot itself that causes the effect.”
“I was stunned that, as a physician, I didn’t know a higher dose was offered,” lead study author Paul Schulz, professor of neurology at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, said in a press release.
Schulz also led a previous study linking general flu vaccination to a 40% reduction in Alzheimer’s risk.
While the previous research had already linked general flu vaccination to a reduction in Alzheimer’s risk, this new study looked specifically at the strength of the dose.
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“The public health department had seen our vaccine research and asked if I could come down to talk to them about it,” said Schulz. “We went through the findings, and they asked if there was a difference with different dosages; I was confused.”
Adults who received the quadruple-strength vaccine had a lower risk of Alzheimer’s than those who received the standard dose. (iStock)
After sorting through data from nearly 200,000 older adults, the team found the adults who received the high-dose vaccine had a lower risk of Alzheimer’s than those who received the standard dose.
Adults in the high-dose group had an almost 55% lower risk than those who weren’t vaccinated, significantly outperforming standard-dose protection.
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The protective effect of the high-dose vaccine was even more pronounced in women compared to men, although both groups saw significant benefits.
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This study shows a link, not a cause, the researchers noted.
Experts can’t say for certain that the flu shot itself stopped Alzheimer’s because people who get high-dose vaccines might also have other healthy habits, like better diets or more frequent check-ups.
The study focused on people over 65, so it’s unclear whether getting these shots earlier in life would provide the same level of protection. (iStock)
The researchers also looked at medical records after the fact, rather than following two controlled groups in real time, which can sometimes result in missing information or biases.
“This is not a cause/effect study,” Siegel reiterated. “We can’t conclude that the flu shot itself causes the effect; it could be something about the people who decide to take this shot.”
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The study also focused on people over 65, so it’s unclear whether getting these shots earlier in life would provide the same level of protection.
“This needs to be further studied, but it is already certainly another reason to take a flu shot,” Siegel added.
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The study was published in the journal Neurology.
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