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Men’s brains shrink faster than women’s; researchers explore Alzheimer’s connection

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Men’s brains shrink faster than women’s; researchers explore Alzheimer’s connection

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A new study may challenge what we thought we knew about brain aging. 

Scientists have discovered that men’s brains shrink faster than women’s as they grow older, even though women are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease.

The research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, analyzed more than 12,000 brain scans from nearly 5,000 healthy people between the ages of 17 and 95. Each participant had at least two MRI scans taken over time, allowing scientists to gauge how their brains changed as they aged.

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Researcher Anne Ravndal of the University of Oslo in Norway said her team wanted to test whether the higher Alzheimer’s rate in women could be linked to gender differences in the brain.

“Women are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease more often than men, and since aging is the main risk factor, we wanted to test whether men’s and women’s brains change differently with age,” she told Fox News Digital.

A new study shows women’s brains don’t shrink as quickly as men’s in old age, although women still have higher rates of Alzheimer’s diagnoses. (iStock)

Men showed a faster rate of brain shrinkage across more regions than women. Areas related to memory, emotion and sensory processing — like the hippocampus and parahippocampal regions — were especially affected, the study found.

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Women’s brains, by contrast, appeared to maintain their size in more areas, though they did show slightly more enlargement in the brain’s fluid-filled spaces, known as ventricles.

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“Our findings show that men experience greater structural brain decline across more regions, meaning that normal brain aging doesn’t explain the sex difference in Alzheimer’s rates,” Ravndal said.

doctor examining throat of woman

One hypothesis is that women get more checkups than men and are diagnosed more often with Alzheimer’s. (iStock)

Because women are still diagnosed with the disease nearly twice as often, researchers concluded that brain size changes alone can’t explain that gap.

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“The results instead point toward other possible explanations, such as differences in longevity, diagnostic patterns or biological factors,” said Ravndal.

For example, women tend to live longer, which increases the window of time during which Alzheimer’s can develop. Shifts in estrogen during menopause could also affect how brain cells age, experts say.

A woman looking off into the distance, a man on the other side of a side-by-side looking down blankly. Both are older and greying.

One potential reason for the higher rate of Alzheimer’s in women could be changes in estrogen and other hormones as they age. (iStock)

Some researchers have noted that women may simply be diagnosed more often because they’re more likely to seek medical help when memory problems appear.

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One limitation of the study is that it only looked at healthy people, not those who were already showing signs of dementia, Ravndal acknowledged. The participants were also generally well-educated and came from multiple study sites.

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Ravndal emphasized that the work isn’t meant to guide individual health decisions.

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“The study is not about making direct recommendations for individuals — rather, it helps refine scientific understanding by showing that normal brain aging does not account for women’s higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease,” she said.

The researcher added that “future work needs to identify the mechanisms that do.”

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Jane Goodall’s cause of death revealed weeks after beloved primatologist dies at 91

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Jane Goodall’s cause of death revealed weeks after beloved primatologist dies at 91

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Jane Goodall’s cause of death has been revealed.

Weeks after the primatologist’s death at 91, reports have emerged that she died of “cardiopulmonary arrest,” or cardiac arrest, according to TMZ, who cited her death certificate. 

The certificate, which was issued by the County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health, also stated that the conservationist also had epilepsy, although it is not clear whether that was a factor in her death.

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Goodall passed away on Oct. 1 in California during a U.S. speaking tour, as Fox News Digital previously reported.

The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) initially reported that she died “due to natural causes.” Fox News Digital reached out to JGI requesting comment.

Jane Goodall’s death certificate, issued by the County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health, listed her cause of death as “cardiopulmonary arrest.” (County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health)

Cardiac arrest occurs when an electrical issue causes the heart to stop beating, health experts confirm.

When the heart is no longer pumping blood, it causes the person to become unconscious and can lead to death within minutes.

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Before losing consciousness, someone experiencing cardiac arrest may have symptoms including heart palpitations, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness and weakness, per Cleveland Clinic.

This is different from a heart attack (myocardial infarction), which occurs when a coronary artery is blocked, cutting off blood supply and causing injury to the heart muscle, according to the American Heart Association.

Jane Goodall with binoculars

Goodall, pictured in 1965, passed away on Oct. 1 in California during a U.S. speaking tour, Fox News Digital previously reported. (Getty Images)

Certain groups face a higher risk of cardiopulmonary arrest — including older people, males, and people who have other cardiovascular risk factors, such as high cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes. 

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Those who are obese, are inactive or have a smoking habit are also at a higher risk, according to Mayo Clinic.

Other higher-risk groups include those with congenital heart defects or disorders, structural heart problems, or a history of coronary artery disease or heart failure.

Jane Goodall

Goodall, an English primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, is pictured with a chimpanzee in her arms in 1995. (Photo by Apic/Getty Images)

After Jane Goodall’s death, JGI issued a statement saying, “Dr. Goodall’s discoveries as an ethologist revolutionized science, and she was a tireless advocate for the protection and restoration of our natural world.”

Goodall’s fascination with primates began at an early age. She earned a PhD in ethology from the University of Cambridge in the mid-1960s, one of few students admitted without holding a prior bachelor’s degree.

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In 1960, she discovered that chimpanzees can use and make tools, which the JGI called “one of the greatest achievements of twentieth-century scholarship.” She founded her institute, which has become a prominent conservation NGO, in 1977.

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Cardiac arrest occurs when an electrical issue causes the heart to stop beating. (iStock)

“She took an unorthodox approach in her field research, immersing herself in their habitat and their lives to experience their complex society as a neighbor rather than a distant observer and coming to understand them not only as a species, but also as individuals with emotions and long-term bonds,” the JGI’s site notes.

In 1991, she founded the Roots & Shoots program, a youth movement focused on conservation and humanitarianism. 

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Most recently, Goodall was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom by former President Joe Biden at the beginning of 2025.

Fox News Digital’s Brooke Curto contributed reporting.

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