Health
5 major Alzheimer’s discoveries scientists made in 2024
With an estimated 6.9 million Americans aged 65 and older currently living with Alzheimer’s disease, the road to a cure seems long and uncertain.
But as the year comes to a close, experts are reflecting on some of the hopeful advances in diagnosis, treatment and risk management that have been made in 2024.
The Alzheimer’s Association — a Chicago-based nonprofit committed to Alzheimer’s research, care and support — shared its top five significant discoveries from the year.
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1. Third new Alzheimer’s drug is approved
2024 saw a new drug enter the dementia landscape, as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Kisunla (donanemab) in July.
This was the third new approval since 2021.
Kisunla, which is made by Eli Lilly, is designed to “slow progression and change the underlying course of the disease,” according to the Association’s press release.
The once-monthly injection is intended for adults with early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease.
This is the first medication to target amyloid plaques — the proteins that build up in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients, often impairing memory and cognitive function — with evidence to support stopping therapy when amyloid plaques are removed, a company release stated.
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“This is real progress,” said Alzheimer’s Association President and CEO Dr. Joanne Pike in a statement shared with Fox News Digital at the time.
“[This FDA] approval allows people more options and greater opportunity to have more time. Having multiple treatment options is the kind of advancement we’ve all been waiting for.”
2. Blood tests could improve speed and accuracy of diagnosis
Research this year has helped move Alzheimer’s blood tests closer to being used in physicians’ offices.
Studies have shown that blood tests can achieve a higher accuracy of diagnosis, which could help fast-track patients’ access to clinical trials and treatments, according to the Alzheimer’s Association.
“This is real progress.”
“Blood tests for Alzheimer’s are demonstrating in research that they could significantly improve a clinician’s accuracy and confidence, provide greater accessibility and a reason for more communication,” the same source stated.
In one study reported this year, a specific blood test was around 90% accurate in identifying Alzheimer’s in patients with cognitive symptoms seen in primary care and at specialized memory care clinics, per the Association.
3. Individuals and caregivers want more support post-diagnosis
People who are newly diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers need more support in navigating the health care system.
That’s according to a 2024 Alzheimer’s Association survey, which found that 97% of dementia caregivers expressed a desire for those support systems.
A majority of dementia caregivers (70%) also noted that “coordination of care is stressful.”
To help address this, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in July 2024 launched an eight-year pilot program in dementia care management, called the Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) model.
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The program aims to work with health care systems to provide supportive services to people living with dementia and their caregivers, with a focus on helping patients remain in their homes and communities, according to the Alzheimer’s Association.
4. Wildfire smoke raises risk of dementia
Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of dementia, according to 2024 research.
The 10-year study, which was presented during the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in Philadelphia in July, found that wildfire smoke can be “particularly hazardous” for brain health.
The research included more than 1.2 million people in southern California, an area that experiences frequent wildfire activity.
Air pollution produced by wildfires could be more hazardous to health because it is produced at higher temperatures, contains a greater concentration of toxic chemicals, and is smaller in diameter than other sources, the Alzheimer’s Association stated.
5. Alzheimer’s causes physical changes in the brain
In June 2024, scientists and clinicians published research that showed physical changes that happen in the brain due to Alzheimer’s disease.
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“Defining diseases by the biology has long been standard in many areas of medicine — including cancer, heart disease and diabetes,” the Alzheimer’s Association wrote.
“The new publication defines Alzheimer’s as a biological process that begins with brain changes before people exhibit memory and thinking problems.”
These brain changes were found to come ahead of the typical outward symptoms, such as memory loss, confusion, disorientation and trouble with planning or organizing.
For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health
Additional research and support resources from the Alzheimer’s Association can be found at www.alz.org.
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Health
Holiday sleep trouble? 5 secrets of a better snooze
Getting a good night’s sleep can be a little more challenging amid the hype of the holidays.
With changes in routine, diet and potentially time zones, quality sleep could be difficult to come by.
Around 42% of U.S. adults struggle with sleep issues during the holiday season, according to a CNET survey.
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More than half of millennials and Gen Zers said their sleep quality was impacted significantly over the holidays, the survey found.
Dr. Brian Licuanan, a board-certified clinical psychologist in California, told Fox News Digital that there are a variety of reasons sleep can be disrupted, including medical and mental health conditions, diet, alcohol intake and other lifestyle behaviors, like screen exposure.
Spending the holidays in someone else’s home or experiencing a change in a normal wake/sleep routine can also impact sleep quality, he said.
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Licuanan, author of “How to Get Your Resisting Loved One Into Treatment,” offered the following five tips on how to improve sleep during the holiday season.
1. Prepare to sleep away from home
Especially for those who are traveling across time zones, sleep schedules will most likely take a hit.
“Try to adjust accordingly,” the expert suggested. “If you’re in a time zone ahead of your usual one, consider going to bed earlier, since you may feel sleepy sooner.”
“If you’re in a time zone behind your usual one, try delaying your bedtime to allow your body to build up enough sleepiness.”
If you’re staying as a guest in someone’s home or at a hotel, it might be helpful to bring some tools to help ensure a good night’s sleep.
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This could include earplugs or eye masks, Licuanan said, which are “good ways to replicate the quiet and darkness that you may have in your home.”
2. Be aware of changes in diet, alcohol and exercise
As many people may eat and drink more than usual during the holidays, Licuanan advised being mindful of the amount of consumption.
Exercise routines are likely to shift during this time as well.
“[Alcohol] could impair certain stages of sleep, causing you to feel groggy and tired the following day,” he said.
“Carve out time for exercise and healthy eating habits, as that will help you relax and promote better sleep.”
3. Stay organized
Keeping organized during the busy holiday season can help prevent the mind from racing before bed, according to Licuanan.
He recommended making a list of items or tasks that need to be done the next day to organize your thoughts.
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“Writing things down can help you feel more relaxed and take out the extra and unnecessary thoughts that can disrupt your sleep,” Licuanan said.
4. Communicate with your partner
Balancing relationships over the holidays can also cause unwanted stress and sleep disruption.
To prevent unnecessary hiccups, Licuanan encouraged having an open dialogue with your partner about holiday expectations.
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“Divvy up responsibilities, so one person is not overwhelmed with things to do,” he advised.
“Such activities can include buying groceries, wrapping gifts, picking up family members at the airport or providing entertainment for guests.”
5. Stay positive and have fun
While the holidays can be filled with potential stressors, Licuanan suggested practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques to fuel good sleep later.
“Continual social gatherings, travel and spontaneous activities can all heighten stress levels,” he said.
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“Managing the levels of stress with mindfulness and relaxation techniques can help ensure that you are relaxed physically and mentally in order to better accomplish good, relaxed sleep.”
Licuanan encouraged all holiday celebrants to stay positive, have fun and try to enjoy the season.
“Though the holidays may present a level of stress, it’s important to remember things such as gratitude and the positive things in life, as a positive mindset can lower stress, which will likely improve sleep quality,” he added.
Health
‘I have a blood test coming up — how should I prepare?’: Ask a doctor
It’s common for doctors to recommend getting bloodwork following a medical appointment or routine check-up.
Blood tests can identify deficiencies in vitamins or minerals, immune system problems, or signs of infection, as well as whether organs like the liver, heart or kidneys are functioning correctly, according to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
Fox News Digital spoke with a doctor about how to be prepared for your next blood test.
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Reasons for blood tests
Doctors may order blood tests for three main reasons: screening, diagnostics or monitoring.
Screenings are unrelated to symptoms and are based on age, risk factors or the last time you were checked, according to Brintha Vasagar, MD, a family physician with Bayhealth Family Medicine in Dover, Delaware.
These tests can screen for things like cholesterol, glucose, HIV or hepatitis C.
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Tests for diagnosis are based on the symptoms you have communicated to your physician, said Vasagar.
“We carefully choose bloodwork to help rule in or rule out diseases that might be causing those symptoms,” she told Fox News Digital.
Doctors may order blood tests for three main reasons: screening, diagnostics or monitoring.
Blood tests for monitoring could be performed if you already have a diagnosis and your physician wants to make sure the treatments are working and to check for any negative side effects, Vasagar said.
These tests will help your physician make recommendations for changing medicines or lifestyle habits.
What to expect from a blood draw
A technician will take you to a private area and confirm your name and date of birth, Vasagar shared.
After seating you in a chair, the technician will place a tight band around your upper arm to help your veins become more accessible.
Next, the technician will clean the area and insert a small needle to collect vials of blood, the doctor said.
“Some blood tests require different types of testing, which is why we sometimes need several vials of blood,” she said.
“When they have what they need, they will remove the needle and hold pressure to help your blood clot.”
The technician will label each vial of blood with your identifying information and ask you to verify that it is correct, Vasagar added.
What to do before your blood test
If you have any fear or anxiety about getting blood work, experts recommend discussing your concerns with your health care provider ahead of time.
“They see many people who are anxious about needles and blood, and they can help you calm down,” noted the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
“Some people like to schedule for first thing in the morning so that their fasting time takes place overnight and is less impactful to their daily routine.”
“I usually prepare patients with what we expect the results to be, and when they can expect to meet with me again or receive a call to discuss results,” said Vasagar.
“I also tell patients that they will always receive communication about those results, even if they are normal, so if they have not heard anything, they should call.”
You can carry on with your normal routine the day before a blood test. However, if your doctor has asked you to fast, you should avoid eating or drinking anything other than plain water for eight to 12 hours before your blood test, said Vasagar.
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“Some people like to schedule for first thing in the morning so that their fasting time takes place overnight and is less impactful to their daily routine,” she said.
Fasting is only required for specific blood tests, so it’s important to check with your doctor.
If fasting isn’t required, it’s a good idea to eat and drink before getting your blood drawn to prevent lightheadedness, according to Vasagar.
“If you start feeling dizzy, tell your technician so they can help you lie down and get you a snack and water,” the doctor said.
Drinking plenty of water before your appointment will help prepare your veins so that your technician can draw blood more easily, she added.
More smart planning tips
Blood will be drawn from your arm, so dress in a way that allows the technician to access your arm.
“Layering is a great way to stay warm while allowing for easy bloodwork,” Vasagar suggested.
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Feeling prepared can be a good way to combat anxiety. Make a plan to get to your appointment on time and bring your photo ID and insurance card.
If you are fasting, you can bring snacks, water or coffee to have as soon as you are finished, the doctor advised.
If it makes you feel more comfortable, bring a relative or friend along, or listen to music with headphones to distract you from the needle, the same source suggested.
For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health
Remember that having a blood test takes just a few minutes and generally isn’t painful, experts agree.
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