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Should you stretch before exercise? After? Never? Here’s what to know

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Should you stretch before exercise? After? Never? Here’s what to know
Panamanian gymnast Hillary Heron stretches as she trains for the Olympics at the No Limits Gymnastics Center in Panama City, Saturday, June 15, 2024, ahead of the Games in Paris. Stretching can help make you more flexible, improve range of motion in your joints — and feel good. Credit: AP Photo/Matias Delacroix, File

For many people of a certain age, high school gym class began with reaching for their toes. Then, over the years, we were told it was better to stretch after exercise.

It turns out, both those things can be true, but the differing advice has created some confusion.

Stretching can help make you more flexible, improve range of motion in your joints—and feel good. David Behm, who researches human kinetics at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Canada, offers this advice on when to stretch and how to do it safely:

Warm up first

It’s almost always good to stretch, but it’s better if you warm up first, said Behm, author of “The Science and Physiology of Flexibility and Stretching.” He recommends a light aerobic activity such as jogging, walking or cycling for five or 10 minutes.

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Follow that with some static stretching, the traditional way of reaching and holding a position (think back to that gym class). You can then do activity-specific dynamic stretching, in which you warm up the muscles with repetitive movements like leg lifts.

Behm says one minute is “the magic number” for how long to do static stretching per muscle group without fatigue.

Should you stretch before exercise? After? Never? Here’s what to know
The Chicago Cubs mascot playfully stretches with Seiya Suzuki prior to a spring training baseball game against the Los Angeles Angels, Wednesday, March 6, 2024, in Mesa, Ariz. Stretching can help make you more flexible, improve range of motion in your joints — and feel good. Credit: AP Photo/Matt York, File

Expand your definition of ‘stretching’

Should you always stretch before exercising? If it’s traditional stretching, not necessarily.

The better question, Behm says, is, “Should people increase their range of motion? Should people have better flexibility? And that is yes, because it helps prevent injuries. It helps with health. But you don’t have to stretch to achieve that.”

Resistance training, for instance, can be an effective form of stretching, he said. Doing a chest press increases range of motion in your deltoids and pecs, whether with barbells, dumbbells or machines, so there is no need to stretch beforehand. Just make sure to start with a small amount of weight to warm up and then add more to train.

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“You probably don’t have to do extra stretching unless you’re a gymnast, a figure skater, or even a golfer who needs a great range of motion through that swing,” Behm said.

Nor do you need to stretch first if you’re going for a leisurely run. Simply start with a slow jog to warm up and then increase the pace.

Don’t do it if it hurts

After exercise, “light stretching is OK, as long as you don’t reach a point where you’re feeling pain,” Behm said. Since your muscles will be warm by that point, overdoing it makes you more likely to injure yourself.

Foam rollers can help with muscle recovery and have been shown to increases range of motion as well as stretching.

Should you stretch before exercise? After? Never? Here’s what to know
David Behm, author of “The Science and Physiology of Flexibility and Stretching,: Implications and Applications in Sport Performance and Health” stretches in Philips, Newfoundland, Canada, on May 27, 2024. Credit: David Behm via AP

Do some static stretching before sports

If you’re playing a sport, Behm said, static stretching beforehand helps reduce muscle and tendon injury.

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“If you’re going to do an explosive movement, change of direction, agility, sprint, any of these explosive activities that involve your muscles and tendons,” he said, “you’re going to be stronger if you do static stretching.”

People can especially get in trouble when they go back to a sport they used to play, whether it’s tennis, surfing or any sort of team activity.

Also, stretch both sides equally. Lacking flexibility on one side also can lead to injury.

Should you stretch before exercise? After? Never? Here’s what to know
David Behm, author of “The Science and Physiology of Flexibility and Stretching,: Implications and Applications in Sport Performance and Health” stretches in Philips, Newfoundland, Canada, on May 27, 2024. Credit: David Behm via AP

Sounds simple. Why all the confusion?

Different studies over the years have either encouraged or discouraged stretching before exercise. Behm says that partly because some studies didn’t reflect real-life conditions, or were designed with elite athletes in mind, not regular people.

“If you’re Usain Bolt, it makes a difference,” said Behm. Not so much for the rest of us.

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Move Over, Aches and Pains: 11 Best Yoga Stretches For Easing Tightness, Tension, and Stiffness

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Move Over, Aches and Pains: 11 Best Yoga Stretches For Easing Tightness, Tension, and Stiffness

I’m getting old.

Well, I’m not, not really. But as I creep further into my late twenties, the aches and pains are starting to feel worthy of someone beyond my years. They’ve even become a running dinner table topic amongst my friends. Each of us seems to have acquired a niggle, a dodgy joint or a pulled muscle we can compare over pasta, right alongside our new obsessions with homeware and the unexpected thrill of a good vacuum cleaner.

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Fitness Experts Share Their Number-1 Aerobic Exercise Tip for Longevity

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Fitness Experts Share Their Number-1 Aerobic Exercise Tip for Longevity

As strength-training after the age of 50 has been steadily rising in popularity in recent years, love for traditional cardiovascular or aerobic exercise has been on the decline. Still, making this form of exercise a regular part of your routine is just as important to maintaining your vitality as you age—and following the below aerobic exercise tips for 50 plus can help you get the most out of every session.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, aerobic exercise is any activity that you do continuously that increases your heart rate, such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, or dancing. “Regular aerobic activity helps mitigate risks like cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and bone density loss by improving heart health, managing body composition, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and reducing systemic inflammation,” said Mark Kovacs, Ph.D., C.S.C.S., a human performance scientist and longevity expert.

These benefits become especially important during and after menopause, when your risk of developing osteoporosis and heart disease go up. “Estrogen helps keep blood vessels flexible and cholesterol levels in check,” explained Brooke Bussard, M.D., a certified personal trainer and owner of Brooke’s Balanced Blueprint, a lifestyle medicine health coaching practice in Baltimore, MD. “When estrogen drops, regular aerobic exercise helps pick up the slack by keeping your circulatory system healthy.”

In fact, adults at 50 with ideal cardiovascular health are expected to live an additional 36.2 years, on average, while adults with poor cardiovascular health were only expected to live an additional 27.3 years, according to a 2023 study in the journal Circulation.

Meet the experts: Mark Kovacs, Ph.D., C.S.C.S., is a human performance scientist and longevity expert. Brooke Bussard, M.D., is a certified personal trainer and owner of Brooke’s Balanced Blueprint, a lifestyle medicine health coaching practice in Baltimore, MD.

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The best part? You don’t need to run marathons or swim hundreds of laps to get the benefits. You don’t need to be an experienced exerciser either. So whether you’re just getting started or looking for ways to mix up your exercise regimen, these expert-backed tips will help you feel better and healthier for years to come.

Just be sure to check with your doctor before starting a new fitness routine, especially if you have high blood pressure or any heart problems, including heart disease. And if you feel off while exercising, get medical help right away.

How to get the most out of aerobic exercise at 50 plus

1. Aim for 150 minutes a week—but break it into small chunks.

    The CDC recommends 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. But “this is a minimum recommendation,” said Kovacs: People who worked out two to four times above the moderate physical activity recommendations (about 300 to 599 minutes each week) saw the most benefit in a 2022 study published in Circulation.

    Still, something is better than nothing. “The best plan is the one you can stick with,” said Dr. Bussard, who recommends walking for about 30 minutes five times a week. If three 10-minute dance breaks a day works better for you, that’s cool, too. It all adds up—and workouts of less than 10 minutes still count toward recommended weekly activity goals, according to the CDC.

    2. Use the talk test to measure your intensity.

    Not sure if you’re working hard enough for your activity to count as a workout? Try talking. “For heart-healthy aerobic exercise, you should be slightly breathless but still able to hold a conversation,” said Dr. Bussard.

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    You can also determine intensity using a scale from 1 to 10. “Moderate intensity (like a brisk walk or steady cycling) typically corresponds to a five or six out of 10 on the effort scale,” said Kovacs, “while vigorous aerobic exercise (fast walking uphill or jogging) should feel like a seven to eight out of 10, where talking becomes difficult.”

    3. Don’t count out low-impact activities.

    Cycling, elliptical training, swimming, or walking on an incline are all joint-friendly ways to raise your heart rate. “These options reduce joint stress, which is critical as cartilage, tendons, and ligaments may become less resilient with age,” said Kovacs.

    But “low-impact doesn’t mean low-intensity,” said Dr. Bussard. “You can absolutely work up a sweat and challenge your heart and lungs without pounding your joints.” Just pay attention to the effort you’re exerting in the moment and aim to hit that five out of 10.

    4. Work in short, quick bursts.

    “Adding short bursts of faster-paced intervals to your aerobic routine boosts the benefits,” said Dr. Bussard, as long as you’re cleared by your doctor to work harder. Recent research in the journal Lipids in Health and Disease shows that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and overall fitness—“all areas that can decline during menopause,” she added.

    This kind of training is considered vigorous activity, so you don’t need as much of it: Just two HIIT sessions per week (with a total training time of 20 minutes per workout) improved working memory and lower-body muscle function more than moderate-intensity continuous cycling, and boosted cardiorespiratory fitness just as much, according to a 2023 study published in The Journals of Gerontology.

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    5. Mix up your workouts.

    Boredom is the enemy of consistency. Try different types of cardio—like hiking, aqua aerobics, Zumba, or even pickleball. “Varying modalities challenges different muscle groups, reduces overuse injury risk, and improves neuromuscular coordination,” said Kovacs. “It also helps sustain motivation and supports functional aging by preparing the body for a wider range of physical challenges.”

    6. Let your body recover.

    As you age, your body may take longer to bounce back. “Recovery between workouts often takes longer due to a combination of physiological changes,” said Kovacs. “These include slower muscle protein synthesis, reduced hormone levels (like estrogen and growth hormone), and less efficient mitochondrial function—all of which contribute to slower tissue repair and reduced energy availability.”

    Make sure to allow 48 to 72 hours of muscle recovery between higher-intensity sessions, and prioritize adequate sleep, sufficient nutrition, and active recovery, like gentle walking or mobility work. And listen to your body; if you feel wiped out for days, scale back and allow more rest between sessions.

    7. Take the time to warm up.

    Older muscles and joints need more prep. “As estrogen drops, tendons and ligaments get stiffer, so warming up is more important than ever to prevent injuries,” said Dr. Bussard. “A good warm-up should move your joints through a full range of motion and activate your major muscles.” Try inchworms, bodyweight squats with overhead reaches, and side-to-side lunges—just five to 10 minutes can prime your body for exercise.

    8. Pair cardio with strength-training.

    Women over 50 benefit most when they combine cardio and strength-training, as both play essential but distinct roles in healthy aging. “Aerobic exercise keeps your heart healthy, but you need strength training to keep your muscles and bones strong,” said Dr. Bussard. Putting them together is the real key. “Combined, they form the foundation of long-term healthspan and mobility,” said Kovacs.

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Runners share their wellness journeys on KSAT Connect ahead of the San Antonio Marathon

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Runners share their wellness journeys on KSAT Connect ahead of the San Antonio Marathon

Full and half-marathons will take place Dec. 7

Runners, joggers and walkers shared their health and fitness experiences on KSAT Connect in anticipation of the San Antonio Marathon weekend. (KSAT Connect)

SAN ANTONIO – Runners, joggers and walkers shared their health and fitness experiences on KSAT Connect in anticipation of the San Antonio Marathon this weekend.

Ahead of the inaugural SATX Marathon on Dec. 7, KSAT invites you to share photos, short videos and personal stories about why you are running, who you’re running for and what the race means to them.

>> What to know about the San Antonio Marathon: Street closures, routes, expo

Check out these photos and videos uploaded to KSAT Connect:

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Raul

Running the SA Rock and Roll Marathon, 2yrs. With my dog Cannoli. We ran 26.2 miles. This year, I will be running solo, 26.2 miles. With my dog Cannoli, running the last 3 miles. Crosssing the finish line together.

Jam1230

–My running journey started many years ago with a prayer for discipline to exercise consistently and from my first run to my current exercise activity I thank God for the ability to do so. As many of my immediate family members battle diabetes, I strive to exercise diligently keeping them in mind and believing for them to remain courageous in their fight. Endurance running has shown me enhanced health, physical growth and increased faith. I’m so glad to participate in the first San Antonio Half Marathon this weekend. Good luck and God bless all participants.

Julian

How to participate:

  • Open the KSAT News app, KSAT Weather app, or visit the KSAT Connect web page. We recommend using the KSAT News app for regular access to KSAT Connect!
  • If you’re on the KSAT News app, click KSAT Connect in the navigation bar at the bottom of your screen. If you’re in the KSAT Weather Authority app, open the navigation bar at the top left of your screen and click KSAT Connect.

  • Sign in or sign up for a FREE KSAT Insider (member) account by clicking the orange button with the text “Log in to Upload a Pin.”

  • Once you’re signed in, you’ll click the orange button that now reads “Upload a Pin.”

  • Click the blue button at the top to choose the photo or video you’d like to share.

  • Select “Outdoors” as the channel and “Activities” as the category.

  • Tell us about your photo or video by including a description.

  • Click the orange button at the bottom to upload.

KSAT may select submissions to feature on air and online. KSAT encourages entrants to respect privacy and only post media they own or have permission to share.

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Share your training, your triumphs and the reasons you run — KSAT wants to tell your story.


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