Fitness
One in three Australians has pain. Building muscle can help — and you don't need to leave home to do it
Muscles are getting plenty of positive press lately and for good reason.
Increasingly, we are understanding that lifting weights or doing resistance exercises are not just about getting ripped (though if that’s your driver, all power to you).
By building muscle, we can safeguard against falls into older age, make our bones stronger and less brittle, better control our blood-sugar levels and reduce the risk of a suite of serious diseases.
“It’s really about improving functioning, improving capacity,” physiotherapist Sammy Prowse, who works with the AFL’s Hawthorn Football Club, tells ABC RN’s Life Matters.
“It might be that you’re looking to be able to play with your grandchildren, or you might be a labourer and you’re noticing that you need to have strength in certain positions, or you might be an athlete; it’s about optimising your muscles and the way in which your body performs.”
Building muscles also helps in managing pain, she says.
“We know that 30 per cent of Australians have pain or 16 per cent have lower back pain. So it’s really high … one in three has pain.”
But Prowse says it doesn’t need to be this way: “There is so much that we can do.”
How to build strength
There’s a simple equation to building strength, Prowse says.
“What you really need to be ensuring is that [you’re bearing] load — load is the thing that brings strength.”
There are lots of exercises to help.
For example, squatting can be done at home without any equipment.
“You can do that by bending your knees and ankles, and you really want to think about it as though you’re sitting back into a chair. So you really stick your bum back so that your knees don’t shear forward,” Prowse says.
“That’s a great one. It’s functional. It relates to walking, going up and down stairs, sitting to stand — these are activities we do all the time, and it includes our major muscles of the legs … all of the muscles that we need, essentially, to move around.”
For abdominal exercises, a safe place to start — if you don’t have any upper limb, arm and shoulder injuries — is doing a plank from your knees, Prowse says.
There are many different ways to do this, including holding yourself up on the floor or by putting your hands on your bed, and taking your knees or feet back on the floor, so that your body creates a long line, and holding the position for a few seconds.
You might start with three sets of five repetitions, with a break between sets, and you can gradually increase the reps to 10 or 15, when it feels safe to do that, or increase the seconds you hold for.
“Those are things that you can do around the house that really do make a difference. It’s great if you can access amazing facilities … but you can actually just do this in your own home. And it really does work.”
Elements of Pilates and yoga also have “underlying principles of strength”. Another option is to see a physiotherapist who can tailor a program for you.
If you can commit to the routine, you’ll reap the rewards, Prowse says.
What if my workout is making me sore?
When building strength there is a concept of “safe” pain, which doesn’t include pain from injuries.
Safe pain is pain that, on a scale where 0 is none, ratings up to four out of 10 would be considered normal. This is when your muscles are working and you’re unlikely to be doing any damage, Prowse says.
“That’s a good place to be.”
However, above four out of 10, things get “a bit sketchy”, she says.
Pain at that level should be considered in relation to any injury you might have, your physical condition and your body. When the line between safe and unsafe pain feels blurry, a physiotherapist can help.
Aim to feel ‘good in your body’
Ella Mason, a fitness coach and founder of a strength-based gym in Melbourne’s north, says any exercise that “pushes you out of your normal window of tolerance or comfortability or resilience” is a great way of building strength.
Along the way you’re likely to build confidence, too, they say.
“As we go along with strength training, we start to understand our bodies a bit better. The more autonomous we are in our bodies and how we move them, without someone telling us how to and how not to, we get to understand our individual bodies.”
Mason is a big fan of strength training over a lifetime, rather than in small spurts.
That goes for bodies of any gender, ability, size and age.
“I advocate a lot for all bodies to be able to do movement,” Mason says.
“We have all sorts of people come through the gym [including] older people who are in their 70s and 80s, who are new to strength training [but who can] suddenly lift things that they never have before [or are] regaining really good balance and reflex, which in relation to falls mitigation as we age, is really important.”
For everyone who is strength training, the same ethos should apply.
“It’s really just about feeling good in your body.”
Advice in this article is general only. See a health professional for advice on your individual circumstances.
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Fitness
Plod and Pedal: Missoula exercise group getting you outside every single day
MISSOULA — As the new year nears, so do resolutions.
For those looking to dedicate themselves to fitness, a Missoula group gets you running or biking every day. No exceptions or you’re out.
MTN met with the founders of Plod and Pedal to learn the purpose behind the project.
After a holiday challenge got them moving, in 2018, coworkers Ryan Mellem and Josh Pierce decided to run outside every single day.
“I’m like, we should try to run 1 mile a day, every day for the entire year. And he’s like, really?” Pierce detailed.
For the first year, they got some other co-workers in on the plan.
“Started talking about it with other people and they’re like, well, I would do that,” noted Pierce.
Everyone anteed up $20 and there was one rule, if you miss a day you lose the chance at the prize pot. “You miss a day, you’re out,” said Pierce.
Five years later, Plod and Pedal is running strong and the person with the most miles takes home the prize.
Mellem explained, “There have been some people that have done one discipline every year since then. We’ve had multiple people that have stayed in it the whole time.”
The rules are: sign up on Plod and Pedal’s website, start on New Year’s Day, run a mile in under 15 minutes, or bike 3 miles outside each day, and if you miss a day then you’re out until the next year.
171 participants started 2024. As of November, the total is down to 105.
“Since 2018, I’ve run outside every single day. At this point, it’s not a decision, it’s just what am I going to put on to do it,” stated Pierce.
For many in the group, some hailing from around the country and some across the world, they feel being able to move is a gift that shouldn’t be wasted.
“You get the body for a certain period of time and it’s nice to use it. We’ve all done things that we never thought were possible before,” offered Mellem.
Plus, the Plod and Pedal founders are passing on the gift of exercise to the next generation.
“So, allowing our 3-year-olds to go for a run with us, and keep it under that 15 minutes, was a huge part. And even to this day, they’re like, have you ran your mile yet?” Pierce told MTN
To learn more about Plod and Pedal or sign up, click here.
Fitness
Aldi’s new fitness range includes an exercise bike for £79.99
If you want some kit to help you hit your fitness goals in the new year, Aldi (of all places) might be the best place to look thanks to its new sports and leisure range.
While I’ve long since stopped being surprised by the contents of its middle aisle, I was impressed by how affordable the products are. There’s an exercise bike for just £79.99, yoga mats for £5.49, and a selection of resistance bands for only £2.49 each, hitting stores from 29 December.
An exercise bike for less than £100 is a rarity, and though I’m yet to test the range, all the hallmarks of a solid product are there – perhaps this is why Aldi has limited purchases to one per customer. The bike has a simple LCD to display basic metrics, a belt-driven 6kg flywheel, a sturdy steel frame and a centralised knob for adjusting the resistance.
But, as a fitness writer, the most exciting inclusion for me is the free weights – you’ll be amazed how much you can do with just a single kettlebell and a few foundational exercises. If you’re looking to exercise at home in the new year, sending your health, fitness and strength levels soaring in the process, I think these should be your first port of call.
From 2 January (these specific items are running a little behind schedule), you can pick up a 6kg or 8kg kettlebell for £7.99, and a 10kg or 12kg kettlebell for £12.99, which is incredibly cheap compared to the competition – Amazon’s 6kg kettlebell costs a around £14, at the time of writing.
Don’t expect a cast iron build for this price. These ‘bells have a plastic body and are filled with sand, but they still have a wide handle for kettlebell swings and an ergonomic shape suitable for explosive exercises like cleans. They’re also priced so reasonably you might consider picking up a few weight options, or an equally weighted pair for more versatility.
If you’re after a metal finish, you’ll find it in the adjustable dumbbell set, which costs £19.99. Each set comes with a central steel bar, a selection of 2kg and 1kg cast iron weight plates and a couple of spring collars to lock them into place.
Like the kettlebells, it might be worth picking up a pair to widen your training horizons. Then you can adjust the weight of the dumbbells to suit different strength training exercises, helping you build muscle at home. Or, if you want a set weight dumbbell for more dynamic workouts like HIIT classes, you can pick up a 5kg rubber-coated pair for the same price.
The range is available in-store from 29 December. So, if you’re after a bargain, you’ll have to be quick. Then the only challenge is carrying your new weights home.
Fitness
How much should you exercise to actually lose weight?
Two and a half hours of physical exercise per week may be essential for achieving any significant reduction in body weight, a new review of studies has found.
The review, published in the journal JAMA Network Open on Thursday, analysed previously conducted clinical trials probing the effect of exercise on weight loss.
It found that doing about 30 minutes of exercise a week was linked to only a modest reduction in body weight, body fat measures, and waist circumference among adults with obesity.
However, aerobic exercise exceeding 150 minutes per week, at moderate intensity or greater, was more likely to achieve clinically important reductions in weight-loss parameters.
Aerobic exercise is any type of physical activity that raises a person’s heart rate and gets them moving and sweating for a sustained period of time.
Previous studies have shown this type of cardio exercise provides a range of benefits when coupled with a healthy diet, enabling people to think more clearly, and even protect against cognitive decline with age.
Some previous studies have estimated the optimal minimum period of exercise at between 30 and 45 minutes.
As little as 30 minutes of aerobic exercise has been linked to significantly better performance on cognitive quizzes.
One study showed that about 30 minutes of treadmill walking for 10 consecutive days may significantly reduce depression.
But the exact amount of optimal exercise needed for weight loss has been unclear.
Health guidelines suggest that at least 150 minutes a week of aerobic exercise at moderate intensity is key to achieving meaningful weight loss of about 2 to 3kg. Some studies suggest a moderate intensity physical activity of about 225 to 420 minutes per week is required for weight loss of 5 to 7.5 kg.
The new study assessed data from over 100 clinical trials examining the effect of exercise over a duration of at least eight weeks on overweight or obese adults.
Researchers found that 30 minutes of aerobic exercise per week may enable adults who are overweight or have obesity to “slightly reduce” body weight.
However, they found the “greatest, clinically important” improvement from aerobic exercise of over 150 minutes per week.
“Aerobic training at least 150 minutes per week may be needed to achieve important reductions in waist circumference and body fat,” they said in the review.
“Longer durations of aerobic exercise may be associated with more beneficial weight or waist circumference outcomes.”
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