Fitness
HIIT May Best Moderate Exercise for Poststroke Fitness
Repeated 1-minute bursts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are more effective than conventional moderate, continuous exercise for improving aerobic fitness after stroke, according to a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
“We hoped that we would see improvements in cardiovascular fitness after HIIT and anticipated that these improvements would be greater than in the moderate-intensity group, but we were pleasantly surprised by the degree of improvement we observed,” Ada Tang, PT, PhD, associate professor of health sciences at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, told Medscape Medical News. “The improvements seen in the HIIT group were twofold higher than in the other group.”
The results were published on August 7 in Stroke.
Clinically Meaningful
Researchers compared the effects of 12 weeks of short-interval HIIT with those of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), cardiovascular risk factors, and mobility outcomes after stroke.
They randomly assigned participants to receive 3 days per week of HIIT or traditional moderate exercise sessions for 12 weeks. Participants’ mean age was 65 years, and 39% were women. They enrolled at a mean age of 1.8 years after sustaining a mild stroke.
A total of 42 participants were randomized to HIIT and 40 to MICT. There were no significant differences between the groups at baseline, and both groups exercised on adaptive recumbent steppers, which are suitable for stroke survivors with varying abilities.
The short-interval HIIT protocol involved 10 1-minute intervals of high-intensity exercise, interspersed with nine 1-minute low-intensity intervals, for a total of 19 minutes. HIIT intervals targeted 80% heart rate reserve (HRR) and progressed by 10% every 4 weeks up to 100% HRR. The low-intensity intervals targeted 30% HRR.
The traditional MICT protocol for stroke rehabilitation targeted 40% HRR for 20 minutes and progressed by 10% HRR and 5 minutes every 4 weeks, up to 60% HRR for 30 minutes.
The HIIT group’s cardiorespiratory fitness levels (V̇O2peak) improved twice as much as those of the MICT group: 3.5 mL of oxygen consumed in 1 minute per kg of body weight (mL/kg/min) compared with 1.8 mL/kg/min.
Of note, changes in V̇O2peak from baseline remained above the clinically important threshold of 1.0 mL/kg/min at 8-week follow-up in the HIIT group (1.71 mL/kg/min) but not in the MICT group (0.67 mL/kg/min).
Both groups increased their 6-minute walk test distances by 8.8 m at 12 weeks and by 18.5 m at 20 weeks. No between-group differences were found for cardiovascular risk or mobility outcomes, and no adverse events occurred in either group.
On average, the HIIT group spent 36% of total training time exercising at intensities > 80% HRR throughout the intervention, while the MICT group spent 42% of time at intensities of 40%-59% HRR.
The study was limited by a small sample size of high-functioning individuals who sustained a mild stroke. Enrollment was halted for 2 years due to the COVID-19 lockdowns, limiting the study’s statistical power.
Nevertheless, the authors concluded, “Given that a lack of time is a significant barrier to the implementation of aerobic exercise in stroke clinical practice, our findings suggest that short-interval HIIT may be an effective alternative to traditional MICT for improving V̇O2peak after stroke, with potential clinically meaningful benefits sustained in the short-term.”
“Our findings show that a short HIIT protocol is possible in people with stroke, which is exciting to see,” said Tang. “But there are different factors that clinicians should consider before recommending this training for their patients, such as their health status and their physical status. Stroke rehabilitation specialists, including stroke physical therapists, can advise on how to proceed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of HIIT.”
Selected Patients May Benefit
“Broad implementation of this intervention may be premature without further research,” Ryan Glatt, CPT, senior brain health coach and director of the FitBrain Program at Pacific Neuroscience Institute in Santa Monica, California, told Medscape Medical News. “The study focused on relatively high-functioning stroke survivors, which raises questions about the applicability of the results to those with more severe impairments.” Glatt did not participate in the research.
“Additional studies are needed to confirm whether these findings are applicable to more diverse and severely affected populations and to assess the long-term sustainability of the benefits observed,” he said. “Also, the lack of significant improvements in other critical outcomes, such as mobility, suggests limitations in the broader application of HIIT for stroke rehabilitation.”
“While HIIT shows potential, it should be approached with caution,” Glatt continued. “It may benefit select patients, but replacing traditional exercise protocols with HIIT should not be done in all cases. More robust evidence and careful consideration of individual patient needs are essential.”
This study was funded by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Tang reported grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Physiotherapy Foundation of Canada, and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Glatt declared no relevant financial relationships.
Marilynn Larkin, MA, is an award-winning medical writer and editor whose work has appeared in numerous publications, including Medscape Medical News and its sister publication MDedge, The Lancet (where she was a contributing editor), and Reuters Health.
Fitness
Easy Ways to Sneak Extra Exercise Into Your Busy Day
I’m far from the first person to say it, but exercise is essential for our overall health. Exercise is crucial to help boost your mood, relieve stress, increase energy, improve sleep quality and lower your risk for developing chronic illnesses and diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.
So, you might be wondering, if exercise is so important to our overall health, why can it be so miserable?
Trust me, I get it. I live an active lifestyle, making an effort to work out four to five times per week, and yet I still have that mental debate every single day where I spend several minutes attempting to talk myself out of exercising. Although I never regret working out after the fact, it can be hard to jump the mental hoop.
Over the years, I’ve found some easy tricks to get myself more active each day. No, going to the gym and doing a hard-core weight workout isn’t required. There are actually sneaky ways to get more exercise day-to-day that won’t leave you exhausted and miserable. Here’s my secret sauce.
Read more: Mindful Eating and How You Can Practice It Daily
1. Set a routine
OK, so this isn’t really a secret. Creating a regular habit of working out would be ideal — duh! But it’s creating that habit that’s the tricky part. Here’s where I can help.
One of the most efficient ways to build a habit is through the Cue-Routine-Reward system. MIT researchers discovered the power of the neurological loop at the core of every habit. This “habit loop,” later coined by Charles Duhigg in his 2012 book The Power of Habit, consists of three parts: a cue, a routine and a reward.
This system can be applied to building any habit, from drinking more water to waking up earlier. It can certainly apply to creating a workout habit.
For example, say you want to wake up and go to the gym each morning before work. The cue, what triggers the habit, would be the morning and your alarm going off. (Choose a time that works best for you and be consistent. Using multiple cues like time of day and sound can increase your likelihood of performing your routine.)
Your routine, the habit or action you want to create and reinforce, would be getting up and changing into your workout clothes. This can help prevent you from going back to sleep and ensure you hit the gym since you’re already ready. And once you finish the routine (the exercise), you’ll be rewarded. This could appear in the form of endorphins as a bodily reward that can motivate us to do the routine again, or it could even be a tangible reward, like buying yourself new socks after a week of hitting your exercise goals or investing in a new yoga mat after a month of doing yoga each day.
Each person will have a different response to these three elements. It’s important to experiment with what cues and rewards work best for you to develop a consistent routine of training.
2. Start small
A lot of people assume they need to run themselves ragged in the gym to get more fit, but that’s really not true. All you need is about 20 or so minutes a day. The US Department of Health and Human Services recommends a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity a week — that breaks down to a little more than 20 minutes each day. They also recommend strength training to work the major muscle groups at least two times a week.
Thirty minutes of activity each day is an ideal place to start to fulfill your weekly needs, but if that sounds daunting, you can start with even smaller increments. Simply walking on the treadmill or cycling on a stationary bike for five minutes can get you into the habit of exercising a little each day. What you’ll likely find is that those five minutes actually aren’t too brutal, and are maybe even enjoyable. So, the next time you jump on the treadmill, bike or other equipment, you’ll decide to stay for 10 minutes then 15 minutes then 20 minutes, building yourself up bit by bit until you’re getting your heart rate up for 30-plus minutes each day.
You can also start with low-impact activity. A brisk walk in the evening is a more than sufficient workout. You can also refer to this guide for the best workouts for beginners.
3. Habit stack
Habit stacking, popularized by James Clear in his book Atomic Habits, is a way to create small yet healthy habits. This term might be new to you, but it’s really straightforward: you “stack” the new behavior (exercising) onto a habit you already have to help you remember to do it. This will cause the combo to become a habit.
For instance, if you listen to a podcast every day, try going for a walk while you listen. Waiting for your morning coffee to brew? Try stretching while you wait. Habit stacking can be used in a multitude of ways to make new fitness habits blend into your daily routine.
4. Get active at work
Your workday doesn’t have to be totally sedentary. Rather than using your full lunch hour to eat, take some time to go to the gym, speed walk around the office or run errands. You can also break up the drudgery of the day by taking a walk during one-on-one meetings instead of sitting at a desk or conference room — anything to get up and get moving.
Try to get up every so often to stretch your legs: rather than emailing or Zooming coworkers, get up and talk to them in person if you can; use the stairs rather than the elevator; get up and refill your water every so often.
5. Do exercises you actually like
This is a big one. If you hate exercising, it might be because you aren’t doing workouts you enjoy. Very few people actually enjoy running around in circles for miles. So don’t.
Branch out and try different kinds of workouts until you find one you genuinely enjoy. Biking, surfing, paddle boarding, yoga, hiking, skiing, rock climbing, kayaking and ice skating are all fun activities that get your heart rate up. This will require you to go out of your comfort zone and to be patient as you try things out, but it’ll be worth it when working out no longer feels like a chore.
One trick I used when first getting into working out was using the ClassPass free month trial to try new gyms and classes. The free first-month subscription allows you to visit a particular gym or studio only once throughout the month (you can visit as many times as you want throughout the month after the free trial). This plan is meant to encourage new users to try exercises that might be totally foreign to them, like reformer pilates or hot yoga. During my first month, I tried a boxing class and I was immediately hooked (pun only slightly intended). Now, boxing is one of my favorite ways to incorporate cardio without feeling miserable. I initially felt insecure about trying something so out of my comfort zone, but I felt comfortable within a week and now feel grateful that I found a new activity that I love.
6. Get active while watching TV
Let’s be honest, running on the treadmill is boring. Riding on a stationary bike is boring. Watching TV is way more fun. That’s why you should combine the two.
There’s no shame in catching up on your favorite show while hitting the gym. Trust me, I’ve been rewatching Game of Thrones on my phone while riding on the stationary bike each day. Not only does the entertainment keep my mind off the burn in my legs, but it pushes me to stay longer. Before downloading Netflix and HBO Max on my phone, I’d stay at the gym for 20 to 30 minutes. Now, I usually stay on the bike or treadmill for 50 to 60 minutes — until the episode is over.
7. Make it social
Exercise doesn’t need to be solitary. Having a workout partner can help keep you motivated and hold you accountable in your routine. If you don’t have one buddy to join you, sign up for a workout class. The structure of working out in a group can push you to work harder while also introducing you to new people.
I recommend exploring the fitness course schedule at your local YMCA or gym, signing up for a boxing, dance or yoga class or purchasing a ClassPass membership, which can grant you access to thousands of health clubs in your city.
For more ways to improve your everyday health, here are 12 household items that double as gym equipment and daily habits to boost your mental health.
More fitness tips
Fitness
What Is Immersive Fitness? How It Can Be A Game Changer For Your Strength And Health
In today’s time, traditional gym workouts are being reimagined, combining technology, entertainment, and exercise to deliver a truly engaging experience. This is where ‘immersive fitness’, a revolutionary approach to working out, comes into play. But what exactly is immersive fitness that’s transforming the way people achieve their strength and health goals? Why is it becoming the talk of the fitness world? Let’s understand!
What Is Immersive Fitness?
Immersive fitness integrates Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and cutting-edge audiovisual elements to create a fully engaging workout environment. Imagine cycling through the mountains of the Swiss Alps, boxing in a neon-lit futuristic arena, or participating in a yoga class surrounded by a tranquil digital forest. These experiences are crafted using projectors, screens, VR headsets, or AR glasses that simulate real or imagined environments, making workouts both captivating and effective.
Instead of staring at a blank wall or counting down the minutes on a treadmill, you are transported to another world, where the focus shifts from the effort of the workout to the experience itself. People who have experienced this fitness routine highlight that this gamified, sensory-rich approach helps boost motivation and makes working out enjoyable for people of all levels.
Also Read: Nana Patekar’s Fitness Secrets At 75: Simple Tips For Staying Active And Healthy
Key Benefits of Immersive Fitness
Additionally, there are other benefits of immersive fitness. These may include:
1. Enhanced Motivation And Engagement
Traditional workouts can sometimes feel monotonous. Immersive fitness breaks that cycle by offering a dynamic, ever-changing environment. The sense of adventure and accomplishment keeps one coming back for more, significantly increasing long-term commitment to their fitness routines.
2. Improved Physical Performance
By drawing participants into an engaging narrative or setting, immersive fitness can help individuals push their limits. For example, racing through a virtual cityscape might encourage you to pedal harder, while a strength challenge could inspire you to lift more weight. The distraction of the immersive environment often reduces the perception of effort, enabling users to achieve more than they might in a traditional workout setting.
Also Read: Nana Patekar’s Fitness Secrets At 75: Simple Tips For Staying Active And Healthy
3. Mental Health Benefits
The combination of movement and immersive environments has been shown to reduce stress, boost mood, and enhance mental well-being. Activities like virtual mindfulness or yoga in serene digital settings can help participants relax and rejuvenate, offering a dual benefit for both body and mind.
Examples Of Immersive Fitness Experiences
A few examples of immersive fitness activities may include:
- Virtual spin classes
- Boxing simulators
- Immersive yoga and meditation
- Full-body workouts in VR
Bottomline
Whether you’re looking to shake up your routine, find new motivation, or simply make fitness more fun, immersive fitness has something to offer. It’s not just a workout rather it’s an adventure, a game, and a journey toward better health all rolled into one.
Fitness
5 Ways Britany Anderson in Ab-Bearing Exercise Gear Stays in “in Good Shape”
Britany Anderson is a professional hurdler from Jamaica. She competed in the 2020 Olympics. Anderson has also won a silver medal in the 100 meter at the 2022 World Championships. Last month, Anderson shared a photo on Instagram of herself at the track. She captioned the post, “End of an amazing week! I’m feeling really positive and excited for the upcoming season. Also really grateful to start this new season healthy and in good shape… 💜💜🦄💓🌸💓💖💕💓🦄💜🦄💜🦄”
She Uses Weights
Anderson shared some of her favorite workouts in this Instagram video. In it, she is seen using weights. According to ACE Fitness, using weights has a lot of health benefits. “Using heavy weights increases intramuscular coordination, the number of type II motor units and the amount of muscle fibers engaged within a specific muscle. Have you ever felt your muscles shaking while lifting heavy weights? This is because you are recruiting and activating the larger type II muscle fibers, which are only stimulated to work when a muscle is challenged with heavy resistance or working to fatigue.”
She Does Squats
Britany Anderson/Instagram
Anderson is seen doing jump squats and squats with a barbell in the previous Instagram video. The Cleveland Clinic states that squats have a lot of health benefits. “Engaging large muscle groups helps burn calories both during and after exercise. One study found that squats burn about 35 calories per minute, aiding in weight management and fat loss.”
She Does Lunges
Britany Anderson/Instagram
Anderson is also seen doing lunges in the previous Instagram video. Lunges are very beneficial. The Mayo Clinic states, “The lunge is a body resistance exercise that works the leg muscles. Specifically, the lunge targets the quadriceps and the hamstring muscles in the thigh, the gluteal muscles in the buttock, and to a lesser extent, the lower leg muscles. The lunge is a great conditioning exercise for many sports, especially those that involve lunging movements, such as tennis, basketball or soccer.”
She Does RDL’s
Anderson shared this video of herself working out on Instagram. One thing she is seen doing in it is RDLs. ACE Fitness states that RDLs have a lot of health benefits. “The most important benefit of the RDL is that it teaches the proper movement and biomechanics of standing hip flexion and extension. This is the foundational movement for squatting, whether the movement is performed with a weight in the gym or while bending over to pick an object up from the floor.”
She Does Leg Extensions
Anderson is seen using the leg extension machine in the previous Instagram video. Asphalt Green states that doing this has a lot of benefits. “Leg extensions using this exercise machine work your thighs. In fact, that’s basically the only thing that they work. That’s great if you want to build strength and mass quickly.”
-
Politics1 week ago
Canadian premier threatens to cut off energy imports to US if Trump imposes tariff on country
-
Technology1 week ago
OpenAI cofounder Ilya Sutskever says the way AI is built is about to change
-
Politics1 week ago
U.S. Supreme Court will decide if oil industry may sue to block California's zero-emissions goal
-
Technology1 week ago
Meta asks the US government to block OpenAI’s switch to a for-profit
-
Politics1 week ago
Conservative group debuts major ad buy in key senators' states as 'soft appeal' for Hegseth, Gabbard, Patel
-
Business7 days ago
Freddie Freeman's World Series walk-off grand slam baseball sells at auction for $1.56 million
-
Technology7 days ago
Meta’s Instagram boss: who posted something matters more in the AI age
-
News7 days ago
East’s wintry mix could make travel dicey. And yes, that was a tornado in Calif.