Fitness
Fertility Boost: The Power of Fitness/Fitness for Fertility: Exercise Your Way to Parenthood – ET HealthWorld
The path to parenthood is an incredible journey, with fertility playing a key role in making dreams of new life a reality. Discover how staying active can boost fertility and support a healthy start to this exciting chapter.
Embarking on the journey of parenthood is a profound moment marked by hopes, dreams, and the anticipation of bringing new life into the world. Fertility, the key to unlocking this incredible journey, can be a challenge for some couples. In today’s exploration, we delve into how physical activity plays a pivotal role in this narrative of fertility. Beyond its physical benefits, exercise fosters a harmonious balance within the body, nurturing optimal conditions for conception and supporting overall reproductive health. Let’s uncover how moderate physical activity not only promotes hormonal equilibrium and regular ovulation but also enhances the well-being necessary for embracing the joys of parenthood.The relationship between physical activity and fertility is an area of growing interest among researchers and healthcare professionals. Studies indicate that moderate exercise is generally associated with improved fertility outcomes in both men and women. The National Center for Biotechnology Information, in their 2023 study, elaborates on the critical factors for enhancing fertility, highlighting how regular moderate physical activity helps achieve optimal hormonal balance and promotes regular ovulation.
Physical Activity and Fertility
The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) recommends that women planning pregnancy engage in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. This recommendation is grounded in evidence from the ACOG, suggesting that a combination of moderate aerobic exercise and strength training, performed two or more days per week, can yield significant fertility benefits. Similarly, Mahendru and Bhatt, in their 2013 research titled The role of exercise in improving fertility, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, found that engaging in regular physical activity can enhance reproductive health by regulating menstrual cycles and improving hormonal profiles.
Moderate aerobic exercises, such as brisk walking, swimming, and cycling, are particularly beneficial for maintaining a healthy weight, which is closely linked to fertility. Being overweight or underweight can disrupt hormonal balance and ovulation, making it more difficult to conceive. Additionally, strength training exercises, including weight lifting and resistance band workouts, contribute to muscle strength and overall physical fitness, further supporting reproductive health. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) guidelines emphasize that incorporating strength training into a regular exercise regimen can enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common cause of infertility.Flexibility exercises, such as yoga and stretching, are also recommended as part of a balanced fertility exercise regimen. These exercises promote relaxation and reduce stress, which can positively impact fertility. High stress levels have been shown to interfere with the menstrual cycle and reduce the likelihood of conception. The National Center for Biotechnology Information underscores the benefits of stress reduction techniques, including yoga and mindfulness, in improving fertility outcomes by lowering cortisol levels and enhancing overall well-being.
Weight and Fertility
Body weight, often reflected by Body Mass Index (BMI), has substantial effects on fertility. Mahendru and Bhatt highlights that a BMI below 18.5 is considered underweight, 18.5-24.9 is normal, 25-29.9 is overweight, and over 30 is obese. Both underweight and overweight conditions are linked to fertility issues. Obesity, in particular, is associated with hormonal imbalances that can affect ovulation and sperm production. Weight loss in obese individuals has been shown to improve fertility outcomes, including higher pregnancy rates and better sperm quality.
Exercise and Fertility
Regular physical activity is generally beneficial for overall health and can positively impact reproductive health. The ASRM underscores that moderate exercise helps maintain a healthy weight, reduces stress, and improves cardiovascular health, all of which are beneficial for fertility. However, Mahendru and Bhatt’s study cautions that excessive physical activity, particularly in women, can lead to menstrual irregularities and anovulation due to the energy deficit and hormonal disturbances caused by intense exercise.
For men, regular exercise can improve semen quality, but Mahendru and Bhatt note that excessive endurance exercise, such as cycling or running long distances, has been associated with reduced sperm quality due to factors like increased scrotal temperature and oxidative stress. A balanced approach to physical activity is recommended to optimize fertility outcomes.
Psychological Stress and Fertility
Psychological stress can adversely affect fertility in both men and women. The National Center for Biotechnology Information points out that stress can disrupt the hormonal balance necessary for ovulation in women and spermatogenesis in men. Mind-body interventions, such as yoga, meditation, and stress management programs, have been shown to improve fertility outcomes by reducing stress and promoting relaxation.
Environmental and Occupational Exposures
Exposure to environmental and occupational hazards can significantly impact reproductive health. The National Center for Biotechnology Information explains that factors such as exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals can affect both male and female fertility. Protective measures, such as using personal protective equipment (PPE) and minimizing exposure to hazardous substances, are crucial in occupational settings to safeguard reproductive health.
The role of Exercise in Preparing for Pregnancy
For those trying to conceive, it is advisable to start a fertility-focused exercise regimen at least three months before attempting pregnancy. This allows the body time to adapt to the new physical activity routine and achieve optimal hormonal balance. Mahendru and Bhatt note that this preparatory period is crucial for optimizing the benefits of exercise on fertility. It is important to note, however, that individuals with pre-existing health conditions should consult with their physician before starting any new exercise regimen. Personalized medical advice is crucial to ensure that the chosen activities are safe and appropriate for their specific health status.
The intensity and type of exercise are key factors to consider when developing a fertility exercise plan. While moderate exercise is beneficial, excessive physical activity can have the opposite effect. The ASRM’s practice guidelines caution against over-exercising and recommend maintaining a moderate level of physical activity that can be sustained consistently. The ASRM highlights that high-intensity workouts, particularly those involving endurance training or extreme weight loss, can disrupt hormonal balance and negatively impact ovulation.
It is essential to choose exercises that are enjoyable and sustainable. Consistency is crucial for reaping the fertility benefits of physical activity. Engaging in activities that one enjoys increases the likelihood of maintaining the exercise routine over the long term. Activities such as dancing, hiking, or joining a sports team can make the process enjoyable and less of a chore.
In addition to its direct impact on fertility, regular physical activity offers numerous other health benefits that can support a healthy pregnancy. Mahendru and Bhatt found that women who maintain an active lifestyle are more likely to experience easier pregnancies and recover more quickly postpartum. Exercise can improve cardiovascular health, enhance mood, and boost energy levels, all of which are important for a healthy conception and pregnancy.
Conclusion
A combination of a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, regular moderate exercise, and minimizing stress and harmful environmental exposures is essential for optimizing fertility. Both men and women can significantly improve their reproductive health by adopting these lifestyle modifications. Future research should continue to explore the intricate connections between lifestyle factors and fertility to provide more comprehensive guidelines for individuals seeking to enhance their reproductive outcomes.
References
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. Impact of Physical Activity on Reproductive Health.
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Guidelines on Physical Activity and Fertility.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Recommendations for Exercise in Women Planning Pregnancy.
- Mahendru, R., & Bhatt, A. (2013). The role of exercise in improving fertility. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 11, 66.
5. Physical Activity and Health. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 20(7), 600-605.
(DISCLAIMER: The views expressed are solely of the author and ETHealthworld.com does not necessarily subscribe to it. ETHealthworld.com shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person/organisation directly or indirectly).
Fitness
At 55, Zoe Ball relies on NEAT exercise to stay fit without the gym – here’s how to make it work
If the thought of gruelling gym sessions leaves you cold, you’re in good company. Almost eight years on from her Sport Relief cycling challenge, where she cycled over 350 miles from Blackpool to Brighton, beloved radio broadcaster Zoe Ball has turned to a more sustainable, low-intensity form of movement: NEAT exercise.
Standing for Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis, NEAT exercise refers to any movement you do that isn’t planned exercise, like walking or doing chores. For Zoe, it means gardening. ‘We cannot underestimate the power of gardening and how good it is for your health,’ she said on a recent episode of Dig It, the podcast she co-hosts alongside radio presenter Jo Whiley. ‘What I love about it the most is it doesn’t matter if I’m out there for two, three minutes, half an hour. The world is quite overwhelming at the moment, and when the kids drive me mad or anything like that I just get out there – whether that’s to tidy up, sweep up or just sit on a bench with a cup of coffee and watch the birds and all the insects.’
Back in lockdown, she even referred to gardening as ‘life-changing’ in an interview with the Radio Times, explaining that 15 minutes every evening had provided some much-needed solace.
While Zoe waxes lyrical about the mental benefits, the physical pros are unparalleled. Non-intentional exercise makes up significantly more of your TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure – how many calories you burn across each day), compared to the time you spend exercising in a gym or doing a planned workout. NEAT makes up around 50%, while a planned workout typically counts for roughly 10%. The more you fit movement into your day, the more energy you expend.
‘NEAT exercise is a great way to control and maintain a healthy weight,’ explains GP and trainer Dr Folusha Oluwajana. ‘Increasing your NEAT increases your metabolic rate as you will burn more calories throughout the day. People with higher NEAT levels are often more successful at achieving and maintaining weight loss.’
As for gardening in particular, research published in the Journal of Physical Activity and Health found that tasks such as digging, raking and weeding meet the criteria for moderate-intensity exercise and count toward weekly physical activity recommendations. Other research has linked regular gardening to lower BMI, improved wellbeing, and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
Need some inspo? Check out Zoe’s recent garden transformation.
Examples of NEAT
- Washing the car
- Using a standing desk
- Walking upstairs over using the lift or escalator
- Dog walking
- Carrying grocery shopping
- Playing with children or pets
- Walking instead of taking public or private transport
As Women’s Health UK’s fitness director and a qualified Pilates and yoga instructor, Bridie Wilkins has been passionately reporting on exercise, health and nutrition since the start of her decade-long career in journalism.
After earning a first-class degree in journalism and NCTJ accreditation, she secured her first role at Look Magazine, where she launched the magazine’s health and fitness column, Look Fit, before going on to become Health and Fitness writer at HELLO!
Since, she has written for Stylist, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Elle, The Metro, Runner’s World and Red. Today, she oversees all fitness content across Women’s Health online and in print, spearheading leading cross-platform franchises, such as ‘Fit At Any Age’, which showcases the women proving that age is no barrier to exercise.
She has also represented the brand on BBC Radio London, plus various podcasts and Substacks – all with the aim to encourage more women to exercise and show them how. Outside of work, find her trying the latest Pilates studio, testing her VO2 max for fun (TY, Oura), or posting workouts on Instagram.
Fitness
Scientists Say Most Adults Need 4 Times More Exercise Than Recommended for Major Heart Benefits
Substantial heart health benefits may require 560-610 minutes of weekly exercise, with lower fitness individuals needing even more activity to achieve similar protection.
Adults may need far more exercise than current public health guidelines recommend to significantly lower their risk of heart attack and stroke, according to an observational study published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Researchers found that adults needed between 560 and 610 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each week for a substantial reduction in cardiovascular risk. That is roughly 3 to 4 times higher than the current recommendation of at least 150 minutes weekly of activities such as brisk walking, running, or cycling.
The findings also suggest that people with lower fitness levels need slightly more exercise than highly fit individuals to achieve the same cardiovascular benefits.
Researchers said current exercise recommendations may need to move away from a one-size-fits-all approach and instead provide personalized goals based on a person’s fitness level.
VO2 Max and Cardiovascular Fitness Explained
Cardiorespiratory fitness differs widely between individuals and is considered a strong indicator of heart health. Researchers noted that low cardiorespiratory fitness is closely linked to a higher risk of heart attacks, strokes, and early death.
One common way to measure fitness is through VO2 max, which reflects the maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during intense exercise. The measurement shows how efficiently the heart, lungs, and muscles work together to deliver and use oxygen.
Researchers from Macao Polytechnic University in China investigated how physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness, measured through VO2 max, influenced cardiovascular disease risk.
UK Biobank Study Tracks Exercise and Heart Events
The study analyzed data from 17,088 participants in the UK Biobank study collected between 2013 and 2015. Participants had an average age of 57, while 56% were women and 96% were white.
Participants wore wrist devices for seven consecutive days to track their normal exercise levels. They also completed a cycling test to estimate VO2 max.
The researchers included additional information such as smoking habits, alcohol use, self reported health and diet, body mass index, resting heart rate, and blood pressure.
Over an average follow-up period of 7.8 years, researchers recorded 1,233 cardiovascular events. These included 874 cases of atrial fibrillation, 156 heart attacks, 111 cases of heart failure, and 92 strokes.
560–610 Minutes Weekly Linked to Stronger Risk Reduction
Adults who met the current guideline of 150 minutes of exercise per week saw a modest 8% to 9% reduction in cardiovascular risk, regardless of fitness level.
However, achieving a more substantial reduction of greater than 30% required between 560 and 610 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise weekly. Only 12% of participants reached that level of activity.
Lower Fitness Levels Require More Physical Activity
The analysis showed that participants with the lowest fitness levels needed about 30 to 50 additional minutes of exercise each week compared with highly fit individuals to gain similar benefits.
For example, a person with low fitness needed about 370 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise each week to reduce cardiovascular risk by 20%, compared with 340 minutes for someone with high fitness.
The researchers say, “This finding highlights the steeper challenge faced by deconditioned populations.”
Researchers Call for Personalized Exercise Guidelines
Because the study was observational, the researchers said it cannot prove cause and effect. They also acknowledged that participants may have been healthier and fitter than the general population. Additional limitations included estimating cardiorespiratory fitness rather than directly measuring it and not tracking sedentary behavior or lighter physical activity.
The team said the findings support current exercise guidelines as an effective minimum target for cardiovascular protection. However, they added that more personalized recommendations could help motivated individuals further reduce their heart disease risk.
“Future guidelines may need to differentiate between the minimal moderate to vigorous exercise volume required for a basic safety margin and the substantially higher volumes necessary for optimal cardiovascular risk reduction,” they conclude.
Reference: “Joint non-linear dose–response associations of device-measured physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiovascular disease: a cohort and Mendelian randomisation study” by Zhide Liang, Senyao Du, Shiao Zhao, Xianfei Wang, Qiang Yan, Baichao Xu, Sanfan Ng and Ziheng Ning, 19 May 2026, British Journal of Sports Medicine.
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2025-111351
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