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Experts Say That This Walking Trick Can Build Strength And Cardio Endurance

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Experts Say That This Walking Trick Can Build Strength And Cardio Endurance

If you’ve ever seen people walking about with a weighted pack on, but not really heading on a backpacking trek and thought, what the ruck?! I’m here to explain.

That’s rucking, which is a time-tested way to sweat (the military has used it for years!) quickly gaining ground among exercise fanatics. It started as a military training workout involving soldiers carrying a heavy pack (rucksack) and walking for miles (ruck marching).

It’s possible you’ve inadvertently gone rucking before. The basics of rucking are simply to go walking or hiking with weight on your back. If you want to turn it into a true workout, though, there’s a bit more to it and sweet perks as your reward for the hard ruck.

Meet the experts: Emily McCarthy is cofounder and head of community at GoRuck. Percell Dugger, CPT, is a certified personal trainer and Nike running coach. Katie Knight, CPT, is an online fitness coach with Knight Time Training, an ultramarathon runner, and 2022 GORUCK Games Champion.

But, you don’t have to be in the military to go rucking and try it out for yourself. It’s naturally a social activity, so you can break a sweat while chatting it up with your workout buddies.

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Whether you’re hoping to embark on your own rucking journey or just curious to know how it all works, read on for all the expert intel on benefits, safety tips, workouts, and more to get started on the right path.

What is rucking?

To put it simply, rucking involves walking for long periods of time with weights in a rucksack. “We like to say that rucking is active resistance training,” says Emily McCarthy, a former CIA case officer who went on to cofound rucking gear and enthusiast company GoRuck with her husband. “If you’re carrying weight, you’re rucking. Hiking is rucking in the mountains.”

You can go rucking wherever you are, whether you’re in the middle of a city or close to nature. “Rucking is a low-impact exercise that is based on military training workouts, where you walk with a weighted rucksack or backpack,” says Katie Knight, CPT, online fitness coach with Knight Time Training and 2022 GORUCK Games Champion. “It’s simply walking with weight on your back.”

It’s also worth noting you can use a variety of carriers to go rucking, but a rucksack differs from a standard backpack. The rucksack distributes the weight higher on your back so that it slightly pulls your shoulders back, says McCarthy. “It makes you stand up a little straighter as you’re moving, and you’re working different muscles and your core than if you were just going hiking or backpacking,” she adds.

How To Get Started Rucking

Here are a few tips from Knight to get started rucking to ensure you’re safe and have fun along the way.

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  1. Start small. Begin with a weighted two- to four-mile walk, one or two times a week, Knight recommends. Start out with 10 to 25 pounds, and see how you feel for the first mile. You should be able to move at a moderate pace, a 15- or 20-minute mile. “If you are moving slower than 20 minutes a mile, you should lower your ruck weight,” Knight recommends.
  2. Add weight gradually. Only add five to 10 pounds or so of extra weight each week. A solid rucking goal is to be able to carry about ⅓ of your body weight, but that is a long-term goal that you should work up to very slowly to avoid injury. If you don’t want to buy ruck-specific weighted plates, you can load up a pack with dumbbells, books, or even bricks. Just make sure that your pack can handle the extra weight. If something does feel off, like pain in your lower back, extreme fatigue, or aching feet, opt for less weight and a longer walking distance to still reap the benefits, Knight notes.
  3. Add distance gradually. Only increase your time or distance by about 10 percent each week. As you increase distance, you should still be able to hold a 20-minute mile or so for your entire workout.
  4. Balance the weight. This helps ensure proper posture and muscle engagement. You don’t want all the weight sitting on just your hips or just the shoulders, says Knight. Ideally, the load is situated higher up on your back between the shoulder blades. Pop a towel or something light to occupy the space at the bottom of your pack, and then rest the weight on top of that. And, you want to use a pack that has a hip belt, too, so your lower body supports as well.

Gear up for rucking with these expert-recommended items:

This responsive and lightweight trail runner has enough cushion to support your weighted strides and keep your feet comfortable.

Ruck Plate Carrier 3.0
GoRuck Ruck Plate Carrier 3.0

This pack is designed to hold ruck plates securely. The padding on the handle and back enhance comfort mid-sweat, too.

Ruck Plates

The standard Ruck Plates fit seamlessly into the Carrier, but with super wide handles on both ends, you can also use for workouts solo. Plates come in 10-, 20-, and 30-pound weights for just the right amount of resistance.

Miniwire Carabiner
Black Diamond Miniwire Carabiner

This is McCarthy’s go-to for attaching a water bottle or a first aid kit to the outside of her rucksack for easy access.

Benefits Of Rucking

  • Build strength. Walking with a weighted pack improves strength in muscles all over the bod, according to a 2019 study in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Participants in the study gained overall strength when it came to squat jumps, push-ups, and sit-ups after resistance training and weighted walking during a 10-week training period. Overall, Knight has found that when her clients get into rucking, they too notice an increase in both upper- and lower-body strength.
  • Increase cardio endurance. Not only can rucking amp up muscle strength, but you’ll also be giving your heart a good workout, too. “It’s great for you building your aerobic base,” says Percell Dugger, CPT, a certified personal trainer and Nike running coach. The participants in the same 2019 study also showed an increase in their maximal oxygen uptake, which is a marker of your aerobic fitness. Specifically, rucking is a form of zone two cardio. This means you’ll be working at an elevated heart rate that’s sustainable for longer durations.
  • Work your whole body. When rucking, your lower-body muscles are working to keep up the walking or hiking pace. Plus, your upper body is also working to carry a weighted pack with proper form. That engages your core, lower back, and shoulder muscles.
  • Easily accessible. “You have all these workouts with gym equipment and extra gear,” says Knight, “but with rucking, it’s the most simple thing you can do.” Even without designated rucking gear (more on that below!) starting a rucking routine is easy. You can add it to your regular weekly workouts as crossing-training, or you can use a weighted ruck to add in certain strength training moves during a walk or hike.

Potential Risks Of Rucking

Although rucking is a low-impact activity with all the above perks, there are still a few risks to be mindful of before you begin and when you’re out.

  1. Overuse injuries. With any weighted exercise, a major risk can be doing too much too soon. Walking for longer distances with a load might lead to overuse injuries, one 2016 study from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee found. It’s easy to avoid by starting with lighter weight for a shorter distance and build gradually. About 10 to 20 pounds in the pack is a good starting point, says McCarthy.
  2. Increased overall fatigue. Fatigue did increase for soldiers who participated in long, weighted marches, a 2023 journal article from Military Medicine reported. The study measured fatigue by looking at energy expenditure, muscle exhaustion, and cognitive engagement, and found that at the end of the march, stride length lessened while torso lean increased. During your ruck, if you are finding yourself leaning forward or compromising on good posture, take some weight off your back and recalibrate.

Rucking Examples For Beginners

  • Load up a pack and walk. A simple way to try rucking is by adding eight to 10 pounds to a backpack or rucksack. From there, slowly increase your rucking time by two to three minutes for every week you train, says Dugger.
  • Go rucking on a treadmill. If you prefer an indoor sesh and have access to a gym, Dugger suggests using the treadmill. “Put your treadmill on an aggressive incline between eight to 12 percent and walk at a speed between 2.7 and 3.5 for about 10 to 30 minutes,” says Dugger.
  • Do hill repeats. Find a hill in your neighborhood and walk up and down it for your preferred amount of time while carrying your pack.

Best Exercises To Prep For Rucking

If all that has you eager to ruck, you can start strong and prep your body to maintain good walking form with the following exercises, as recommended by Dugger and Knight. Incorporate one or all moves in the middle of a ruck for added challenge, says Knight. Walk a mile, perform a few sets, and then finish your ruck.

1. Forearm Plank

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How to:

  1. Start on the floor on hands and knees.
  2. Place forearms on floor with elbows directly under shoulders.
  3. Step feet back, one at a time to create a straight line from top of head through heels.
  4. Engage glutes and push toes into the floor, and hold the position for at least 30 seconds.

Why it rucks: Training your core is a smart way to prep for rucking, which requires plenty of core strength. If you want to ramp things up in your plank, Dugger suggests wearing a weighted vest.


2. Reverse Lunge

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How to:

  1. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart and hands on hips. (Option to hold dumbbells at sides to level up.)
  2. Take a big step back with right leg and lower knee to tap ground, bending both knees to form 90-degree angles.
  3. Push through both feet to stand and lift right leg to return to start. That’s 1 rep.
  4. Continue alternating sides. Complete 10 reps per side.

Why it rucks: The added weight of rucking can put stress on your joints. Reverse lunges prep your bod for the movement pattern of walking without as much stress on the knees, says Dugger.


3. Jumping Jacks

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How to:

  1. Stand with feet together and hands at sides.
  2. Jump both feet out wider than hips distance apart and simultaneously swing extended arms out to sides and up above head.
  3. Jump feet back together, while lowering hands back to sides.
  4. Continue alternating in and out for 30 seconds. Work up to two and half minutes.

Why it rucks: This simple move can be a solid way to prep for rucking. “Rucking is going to challenge your aerobic capacity and your conditioning,” says Dugger. “Jumping jacks are a great endurance and aerobic-based movement to improve your overall heart health.”


4. Bent-Over Row

Image no longer available

How to:

  1. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart with a soft bend in knees and a slight forward hinge at hips, holding a dumbbell in each hand or the ends of the rucksack.
  2. Holding the weight near your shins, squeeze your shoulder blades together as you pull the weight toward your rib cage. Drive your elbows back toward the sky and keep the weight close to your body as you lift.
  3. Reverse the movement to return to start. That’s 1 rep.

Why it rucks: This move engages the largest back muscle, the lats, which helps with stabilizing the back, neck, and hips.


5. Shoulder Press

How to:

  1. Start with feet shoulder width apart, hold dumbbells at shoulders with palms facing toward body. (Option to grip the ends of your weighted rucksack.)
  2. Engage core and lift weights straight above your head, until arms are extended with wrists, elbows, and shoulders in line.
  3. Reverse the movement to return to start. That’s 1 rep.

Why it rucks: This move simultaneously engages multiple upper body muscles (anterior delts, triceps, and chest), which also help you hold your heavy pack.

Headshot of Sabrina Talbert

Sabrina is an editorial assistant for Women’s Health. When she’s not writing, you can find her running, training in mixed martial arts, or reading.

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Fitness trainer with 18 years of experience shares why exercise is crucial for kids: ‘Not just about health and fitness’

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Fitness trainer with 18 years of experience shares why exercise is crucial for kids: ‘Not just about health and fitness’

Exercise is often spoken about in the context of physical fitness – stronger muscles, better stamina and improved overall health. But its value, especially for children, extends far beyond the body. Regular physical activity can quietly shape character, teaching lessons about effort, patience, discipline and resilience that mirror how the real world works. From learning to cope with discomfort to understanding that progress takes time, exercise can become a powerful training ground for life itself.

Exercise is important for kids. (Image generated via Google Gemini)

Also Read | Chennai fitness trainer with 18 years of experience shares 5 simple things to focus on for long-term fitness

Chennai-based fitness trainer with 18 years of experience, Raj Ganpath – founder of the Slow Burn Method, co-founder and head coach at Quad Fitness, and author of Simple, Not Easy – is shedding light on why exercise is important for kids, with the benefits going beyond health and fitness. In an Instagram video shared on February 27, he explains how the impact of exercise extends far beyond physical wellness, shaping resilience, discipline and long-term character development.

Embracing discomfort

According to Raj, exercise is one of the healthiest ways to help children learn how to sit with discomfort in a safe, structured and sustainable way. Life inevitably brings challenges and unease – something adults understand well – but many children today are shielded from situations that test their resilience.

He explains, “Exercise is a great way to experience this discomfort in a safe and sustainable manner. Lifting weights, holding a plank, doing cardio, repping till it burns, all of these things are opportunities to embrace discomfort, opportunities to put themselves in a place where they’re not comfortable and learn from it, opportunities to practice physical and mental resilience.

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Learning hardship

The fitness trainer emphasises that hardship is an inevitable part of life, and meaningful success often requires pushing through moments of difficulty. While most adults recognise this truth through lived experience, children may not always have the same exposure to challenge. Raj believes exercise can bridge that gap.

He elaborates, “It will teach them that they need to do hard things if they want to accomplish something. Getting through a very hard workout, setting a goal and achieving it, completing a task. All of these things are not just random chores. These are incredible opportunities – opportunities to experience hardship and build fortitude.”

Delayed gratification

In today’s fast-paced world, the desire for instant gratification is stronger than ever – and children are growing up at the centre of it. With technology, streaming platforms and 10-minute delivery services, almost everything is available at the tap of a screen. As a result, the ability to wait, persist and work steadily towards a long-term goal can easily take a back seat. Exercise, notes Raj, offers a powerful counterbalance.

He explains, “Everyone wants everything right away today. This is true for us adults too, but it is even more true for our kids because this is the only world they know. A world where everything happens right then and right there, whenever they want it, wherever they want it. Exercise will teach them to wait, to be patient, to trust the process, to fail and still keep going, to work towards something larger that they will get much later. This is a very important character building quality and will serve them well for many, many years to come.”

The fitness trainer concludes, “Exercise is not just about health and fitness. It is a simulation of life itself. A ready-made character building tool available to you to help prepare your kids for life, the raw and real life that they’re going to have to deal with no matter what. So make sure they build the habit and make sure they embrace it.”

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Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. It is based on user-generated content from social media. HT.com has not independently verified the claims and does not endorse them.

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What Are “Movement Snacks”? How To Try This Trending Fitness Hack

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What Are “Movement Snacks”? How To Try This Trending Fitness Hack

The World Health Organization says the average adult is supposed to get 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity five days a week, which sounds somewhat doable until it’s 9 p.m., your kids are finally in bed, and you just want to fall onto the couch and dissociate. But more and more people online are talking about “movement snacks” — little bite-sized amounts of exercise you can do throughout your day to meet your 60-minute goal without having to make special time for one big workout. Because yes, we all want to be our healthiest, but sometimes a HIIT class at the gym is just not in the schedule.

We asked personal trainers and fitness coaches for their favorite movement snacks you can do in the office, around the house, and on busy weekends when everyone’s home.

How much exercise is a person really supposed to get?

While the WHO recommends 60 minutes a day, the CDC is a little more lax, recommending at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity a week, or about 30 minutes a day, five days a week. While it may feel like you’re the only one struggling to fit a workout into your daily routine, you’re far from alone. In fact, it’s always been hard for most Americans. So, while movement snacks may be a cute new term we’re all hearing for the first time, fitness pros have been promoting bite-sized exercise forever.

“I work with busy professionals, so I’ve been integrating micro workouts of two to 10 minutes into my clients’ lifestyles for almost 20 years,” says Andrea Marcellus, certified personal trainer and CEO of AND/life.

The most important thing for your health isn’t getting all your daily movement done in one big, perfectly curated workout — it’s about being consistent, Marcellus says. Movement snacks can help you stay consistent because you don’t have to budget a big chunk of time; instead, you can fit something simple into your day when you have three minutes to spare. Hell, you don’t even have to change clothes or go anywhere.

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“Most people think movement only counts if it’s a workout. That mindset is what keeps people sedentary. In reality, your body doesn’t care if steps come from a hike, a gym session, or pacing when you’re on a call,” says Lindy Royer, physical therapist and balanced body educator. “This is where you win the game — by stacking movement into things you’re already doing.”

Movement Snacks To Try Throughout Your Day

  • Set an alarm on your phone to chime every hour — that’s what women’s fitness coach Allison Kalsched tells her clients. When it goes off, stand up and do 10 bodyweight squats. Then go back to work. When you get tired of squats, mix in walking lunges, push-ups (it’s fine if they’re modified!), or dead bugs. Throw on 30 seconds of jumping jacks or high knees for bone-building benefits, which is important for women in menopause, she adds.
  • Take a micro walk. “Five minutes or 500 steps is my absolute favorite,” says Dr. Milica McDowell, doctor of physical therapy, author of the forthcoming book Walk, and exercise physiologist at US Physical Therapy. “It changes mood, lowers blood pressure, boosts mental clarity, and can help you get your cumulative steps in.”
  • Dance to your new favorite song with your kids or all by yourself. “Dance party was big with my kids after dinner,” Marcellus says. “It takes four to 10 mins and helps kids burn off dinner energy, while also giving parents a metabolic boost.”
  • Stop and do 60 reps of any full-body exercise, like squats, lunges, or jumping jacks — this usually takes about two minutes, no matter which one you choose, Marcellus says. Or, hold a plank for one to two minutes.
  • Pair walking with habits that already exist to get your steps in, like marching in place while brushing your teeth or doing a lap inside the house while your food is in the microwave. “This means you’re not adding time — you are upgrading your time,” says Royer.
  • Count your housework. Sweeping, mopping, vacuuming, general domestic labor — these things totally contribute to your total exercise time each day, says Royer.
  • If you go up or down the stairs at home, just… do it two or three times. That little extra here and there adds up, according to Royer.

The best advice is to focus not on “how can I move right now?” but “how can I do something that isn’t sitting right now?” Royer says. “The real truth that most people ignore is that sedentary time is the real enemy, not a lack of workouts. Focus on breaking up your sitting time. Build in frequent movement snacks. You’re not looking for perfection, just something more than nothing. You don’t need more time; you actually just need more conscious efforts to move.”

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At 66, Judy Murray swapped skipping for rebounding – here’s why it’s so effective for midlife women

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At 66, Judy Murray swapped skipping for rebounding – here’s why it’s so effective for midlife women

A household name synonymous with tennis, Judy Murray has branched out in recent years when it comes to fitness. While the coach and former player still frequents the court – it’s integral to her day job, after all – she has incorporated several other activities into her routine, including one you might be unfamiliar with: rebounding.

Rebounding

In an interview with The Times, Judy explained that while skipping had been part of her tennis routine for years, she’d decided to replace it with rebounding – jumping on a trampoline – due to the impact skipping started to have on her joints and legs. And she’s onto something – a NASA study found rebounding to be up to 68% more effective at working the muscles and joints than treadmill running – something scientists call mechanical loading, which is crucial for bone, muscle and tendon health.

It doesn’t have to be expensive, either. Judy told The Times that she had bought a mini trampoline for £24.99 and that she used it in one-minute bursts.

‘Rebounding can be a smart swap for women in midlife, particularly if high-impact skipping or plyometric training has started to feel unforgiving on the joints,’ says personal trainer Michael Baah. ‘As oestrogen declines during perimenopause and menopause, we typically see reductions in bone mineral density, muscle mass and tendon elasticity,’ he explains. ‘High-impact ground reaction forces from traditional skipping can be effective for bone health, but they also place substantial load through the knees, hips and Achilles.’ Rebounding, on the other hand, ‘absorbs some of the ground reaction force, reducing peak stress through the joints, while still stimulating muscle activation in the calves, glutes and core.’

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It shouldn’t replace strength training, adds Baah, which ‘remains the most effective intervention for combatting age-related sarcopenia and maintaining metabolic health,’ but it’s an incredibly valuable conditioning tool ‘for women who want to protect their joints while maintaining cardiovascular fitness.’

Below, we also look at the other workouts Judy has turned to in recent years to stay strong and active while protecting her joints – and why you should try them, too.

She swims

‘As I get older I have found a lot of things I enjoyed doing really impact my knees and hips, but a lot of things I can do in water…I also realise I have five grandchildren now. I want to be able to run after them and pick them up and put them down with relative ease,’ Judy told The Times. ‘I have a whole routine I do in the swimming pool and there is no impact in the water. It is a better way to do some of the things I used to do.’

Indeed, not only does swimming protect your joints, but it’s also effective for cardio fitness. ‘The biggest advantage of swimming is that it is low impact. The buoyancy of water significantly reduces joint loading, making it an excellent option for people with joint pain or who have a lower tolerance to impact,’ personal trainer and nutritionist Georgia Garlick previously told WH. ‘It is a true full-body exercise, involving the upper body, trunk, hips and legs simultaneously.’ On average, she added that moderate swimming burns 500-700 kcal per hour – typically more than moderate cycling.

She has started playing golf

Judy has also discussed how participating in Strictly Come Dancing back in 2014 instilled in her a desire to continue challenging herself and trying new things – no matter her age. In that vein, ahead of her 65th birthday, she told HELLO!, that she had taken up golf. ‘I’m addicted to it, it is so incredibly relaxing,’ she said. ‘It gets me out in the fresh air and away from my phone and because it’s not as physically demanding as running around a tennis court, it suits me now that my arms aren’t as strong as they once were.

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‘As we get older it’s so important to keep trying to find things that stimulate you, make you think and keep you socially connected – and golf ticks all of those boxes.’

A review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine linked golf to an increased life expectancy, reduced risk of chronic disease and improved mental health.

She plays pickleball

While padel has become hugely popular, it seems that its sibling pickleball – which combines tennis, badminton and table tennis – is more up Judy’s street. After trying the sport herself, she’s since campaigned to get more people involved. ‘It’s just fun and engaging, and it’s incredibly inclusive. And for Scotland, it’s a perfect fit for us. We have terrible weather, we have badminton courts everywhere – in every community centre and sports centre. Even church halls have badminton courts,’ she told The National. ‘In terms of setting up quickly, wherever you are, I think it’s a perfect fit for getting more people more active.’

Judy added that she sees it as a perfect transition from tennis to something that will let her play a similar game for longer.

She stretches regularly

The final touch to Judy’s fitness routine? A dedicated stretching routine. ‘Since I turned 60, I’ve realised how important it is to stretch to stay mobile and flexible if I want to stay active with my grandchildren,’ she told HELLO!.

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While we don’t know the specifics of Judy’s stretching routine, even dedicating just a few minutes daily to mobility can supercharge longevity.

There is an ideal routine based on science, though. According to a panel of experts convened by the American College of Sports Medicine, who reviewed a range of studies, you should:

  • Do flexibility exercises (stretches, yoga or tai chi) for all major muscle-tendon groups – neck, shoulders, chest, trunk, lower back, hips, legs and ankles – minimum two to three times per week.
  • Spend 60 seconds on each exercise. If you can hold a specific stretch for 15 seconds, try repeating it three more times and if you can hold it for 20 seconds, two more repetitions would be ideal.

As Judy regularly says, though, it’s about finding forms of exercise that you enjoy, as you’ll be far more likely to find the time – even if it’s for five minutes – to get stuck in.

Hannah Bradfield is a Senior Health and Fitness Writer for Women’s Health UK. An NCTJ-accredited journalist, Hannah graduated from Loughborough University with a BA in English and Sport Science and an MA in Media and Cultural Analysis.  She has been covering sports, health and fitness for the last five years and has created content for outlets including BBC Sport, BBC Sounds, Runner’s World and Stylist. She especially enjoys interviewing those working within the community to improve access to sport, exercise and wellness. Hannah is a 2024 John Schofield Trust Fellow and was also named a 2022 Rising Star in Journalism by The Printing Charity.  A keen runner, Hannah was firmly a sprinter growing up (also dabbling in long jump) but has since transitioned to longer-distance running. While 10K is her favoured race distance, she loves running or volunteering at parkrun every Saturday, followed, of course, by pastries. She’s always looking for fun new runs and races to do and brunch spots to try.

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