Connect with us

Fitness

Exercising more than the mind: building a healthier student body

Published

on

Exercising more than the mind: building a healthier student body

Students across East Asia are typically seen as diligent, smart and high-achieving, as Pisa scores show, but they also face overwhelming pressure to perform from parents, educational systems and society at large, and this can have impacts on their health.

A recent study in Hong Kong found that more than 90 per cent of students were getting less than the 60 minutes of exercise per day recommended by the World Health Organization. “This is due, in part, to the heavy emphasis parents place on their children’s academic results,” says Patrick Ip Pak-keung, a clinical professor at the University of Hong Kong’s paediatrics and adolescent medicine department who led the study.

In fact, the emphasis on academic performance is so deeply ingrained in Asian culture as an indicator of future success that students often swap adequate sleep and exercise for extended study hours – sacrificing their mental and physical health in the process.

A recent study found that more than 90 per cent of students in Hong Kong got less than the 60 minutes of exercise per day recommended by the WHO. Photo: Handout

Recognising that schools play a part in that equation, the Hong Kong Education Bureau recently issued a revised grading mechanism governing the assignment of secondary school places. A score for physical education (PE) is now a small part of the assessment, giving students more incentive to get and stay active alongside pursuing their academic goals.

According to Sam Wong Wing-sum, executive director of the Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong, China, schools need to become more sports-friendly to develop children’s interest in physical activities from a young age. Besides having adequate facilities, the school environment also needs to encourage students to be active.

Advertisement

“Many institutions lack adequate facilities like playgrounds or sports equipment, leaving teachers to creatively adapt programmes within tight constraints,” says Carla Dos Santos, head of health at French International School (FIS). “Through partnerships with government facilities, our students enjoy access to a football pitch and track-and-field areas. The school also boasts two on-campus swimming pools and three gymnasiums, ensuring ample opportunities for physical engagement.”

Making enough time for physical activity is key. “School sports are an essential part of our educational mission” says Dr Arnold Leitner, deputy principal and head of the German international stream at GSIS. “With two or three hours of sports per week, we aim to awaken the joy of movement in all children and adolescents, and to convey that sports have a positive effect on their physical, social, emotional and mental development.”

We aim to awaken the joy of movement in all children and adolescents, and to convey that sports have a positive effect on their physical, social, emotional and mental development

DR Arnold Leitner, German Swiss International School

Fitness

Best pull-up bars for home workouts

Published

on

Best pull-up bars for home workouts
Continue Reading

Fitness

Should you sync your exercise time to your chronotype?

Published

on

Should you sync your exercise time to your chronotype?

A new study suggests that exercising at times that match whether someone is naturally a morning or evening person could reduce their risk of heart problems.

Researchers in Britain and Pakistan determined the chronotypes of 150 people aged between 40 to 60 through questionnaires and 48-hour core body temperature measurements.

Chronotype refers to the tendency to be naturally more active or wakeful at a particular period of the day.

All participants in the study – which was published in the journal Open Heart – had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, such as high blood pressure, obesity or physical inactivity, and were randomly assign-ed to exercise at times that either aligned with their chronotype or did not.

Advertisement

Workouts were scheduled either in the morning (8am-11am) or evening (6pm-9pm).

Out of the group, 134 participants completed all 60 exercise sessions.

Over 12 weeks, the study found that both the matched and mismatched groups show-ed improvements in heart risk factors, aerobic fitness and sleep quality.

However, it discovered that those who exercised in alignment with their chronotype experienced greater reductions in blood pressure.

They also demonstrated better improvements in measures such as heart rate, aerobic capacity and sleep quality, compared to those whose exercise timing did not match their natural preferences.

Advertisement

In light of these findings, we spoke to Nuffield Health personal training lead Sam Quinn in Britain, to find out whether or not he thinks we should all sync our exercise with our chronotype.

What are the main categories of chronotypes?

Chronotypes are often simplified into “morning larks” (early birds) and “night owls” (evening types).

“Morning people or early risers are people who find that their energy levels are optimal first thing in the morning and often find that they are more productive during the first part of the day,” says Quinn.

“Whereas, a night owl, or someone who is more of a night person, would be someone whose energy levels are optimal later in the day or the evening.

Advertisement

“These are generally people who like to stay up late and maybe into the early hours in the morning.”

What are some benefits of trying to sync exercise with your chronotype?

“The main benefit is that it can help you stay consistent with your exercise,” says Quinn.

“We’ve all got busy lives and everyone’s got different preferences, but the best programme is going to be the one that you’re going to be able to stick to.

“For example, if you set a workout programme where you have to go to the gym at eight o’clock in the morning and you’re a night person, you might fail before you’ve even started.

Advertisement

“However, if you select a time which is more suited to your preferred time of day and your body clock, where you feel more energised and it works better for your schedule, you’re going to be much more consistent and much more likely to achieve your goals, whether that’s improving your mental health, an aesthetic goal or a performance-related goal.”

Early birds benefit best from exercising in the morning before going to work.

Are there any signs that might indicate someone is working out at the “wrong” time of day?

“I think the main physical signs to look out for are to do with energy levels and performance,” says Quinn.

“For example, someone’s output might be affected.

Advertisement

“They might be struggling to train that day, are not turning up consistently and are struggling to hit their designated reps or loads, therefore might not be able to accomplish their physical goals in the gym.

“Also, sometimes, people look visibly deflated.

“Their energy levels are depleted, they’re looking lethargic and might not be engaging with conversation.

If someone is feeling lethargic and tired, they’re not going to get the most out of their session and they’re not going to enjoy it.”

What other factors might affect your energy levels during workouts?

Advertisement

The quantity and quality of your sleep can have a big impact on your energy levels during a workout.

“If you’re training regularly, but you’re not sleeping and recovering adequately, you’re not going to be energised and are not going to be able to perform at your best during your workouts,” highlights Quinn.

Stress can also sabotage your workouts.

“I would say that lifestyle-related stress is one of the biggest factors that impacts people’s energy levels, focus, motivation and frequency of workouts,” he adds.

“When people come in to train, they might vent about their work-related stress and might only get through 50% of the work that was planned for that session.

Advertisement

“So, stress can be a really big obstacle.”

Fuelling yourself adequately is also key.

“Make sure that you’re recovering appropriately from your workouts with the correct nutrition and are fuelling yourself appropriately, depending on what your goal is,” says Quinn.

ALSO READ: Here’s the proper way to fill your ‘tank’ for exercise

“Try to educate yourself on these variables that are going to impact your goals – such as your sleep, nutrition, hydration and recovery – so that you can utilise all of this to help you to achieve your long-term goals.” 

Advertisement

How can someone figure out what their chronotype is and find a routine that works for them?

“Many people think they are a morning person or have read that the best time of day to train is the morning, but when they train in the morning they feel tired and lethargic,” says Quinn.

“Some people also don’t sleep as well because they’re anticipating trying to get into the gym in the morning.

“I find that many people want to be a morning person, but actually train much better in the afternoon or the evening, when they’ve had a couple of extra hours of sleep.”

Sometimes finding a routine that works for you takes a bit of time.

Advertisement

“Finding the right time to train and exercise can take a bit of trial and error, and can sometimes take quite a long time to figure out,” he says.

“Be flexible and try a few different times to see what’s optimal for you, what works with your lifestyle and what is going to enable you to be consistent over time.”

When figuring this out, listening to how your body and mind feels can help guide you.

“I regularly have to communicate with my clients and ask them, ‘How are you feeling? Is this the most suitable time for you?’” he adds.

Most importantly, Quinn reminds people to choose a type of activity that they actually enjoy and will stick to.

Advertisement

“Find out what type of exercise you actually enjoy and that you are going to be consistent with,” he recommends.

“It doesn’t have to be strength training – it could be a dance class or yoga or endurance running.” – By Camilla Foster/PA Media/dpa

ALSO READ: Figuring out the best time to exercise

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Fitness

The method that will help you burn fat exactly where you want | The Jerusalem Post

Published

on

The method that will help you burn fat exactly where you want | The Jerusalem Post

In an ideal world, we could precisely control where we want to “burn” fat. According to an article published on the Men’s Fitness website, for most men this refers to the abdominal area, the obliques, and the lower back, meaning the entire core region. The idea of burning fat in a specific area is called “spot reduction”, and a new study reveals that this dream may be possible.

Fat loss is a systemic process in which fatty acids are released from fat tissue, travel through the bloodstream, and are oxidized, meaning “burned”. This is different from how the body burns carbohydrates, which is indeed “specific” to a certain area. Carbohydrates are stored in the muscles in the form of glycogen. When performing bicep curls, mainly glycogen stored in the arm muscles is burned. When performing a leg exercise, mainly glycogen from the leg muscles is burned.

Since fat is not burned locally like carbohydrates, many believe that spot fat reduction is not possible. In practice, the body reduces fat according to its own patterns, and stubborn areas, of course, tend to be the last to shrink.

A new study presents a slightly more complex picture

In a study from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, men were divided into two groups: One group performed abdominal exercises together with aerobic training, and the second performed only aerobic training. Using a DEXA scan, it was found that the group that combined abdominal exercises lost more fat in the trunk area. One might think that this group simply burned more calories, but the study was designed so that caloric expenditure was identical between the groups. In addition, DEXA scans are considered one of the most accurate methods for measuring body fat.

Another study from the University of Padua strengthened the findings. One group in the study performed exercises for the abdominal and arm muscles as part of a circuit aerobic workout, meaning it alternated between targeted exercises and aerobic activity. The second group in the study performed the same exercises, at the same volume and intensity, but in a standard structure of aerobic training followed by strength training. The result – the group that combined the two lost more fat in the abdominal area.

Advertisement

The findings indicate that training structure also matters. A combination of work on specific muscles and aerobic activity may increase blood flow to the active area, and this is probably one of the mechanisms that helps local fat breakdown. Studies show that fat breakdown is linked to increased blood flow in fat tissue, therefore it can be concluded that when working a specific muscle, blood flow and the release of fatty acids increase in the nearby area.

A combination of work on specific muscles and aerobic activity may increase blood flow to the active area, and this is probably one of the mechanisms that helps local fat breakdown (credit: SHUTTERSTOCK)

How can you “burn” more abdominal fat?

Based on this, if the goal is to reduce abdominal fat, it is recommended to perform abdominal exercises before aerobic training, and at high intensity. They should be treated like any other muscle group and not be limited to a few repetitions at the end of the workout. It is recommended to perform between ten and twenty sets that work the abdominal muscles from different angles, and then move on to aerobic training or integrate the exercises within a circuit aerobic workout.

It is important to emphasize that this is not a substitute for a caloric deficit and not a magic solution. However, it is a small adjustment in training structure that may influence how the body uses fat stores.

So is it possible to influence the area from which fat is lost? Possibly, to some extent. This is also physiologically logical. In the abdominal area there is usually more fat and relatively less blood flow, and it is also tended to be trained less and at lower intensity compared to other muscle groups. Therefore, increasing activity in this area may influence the fat loss process there.

Advertisement
Continue Reading
Advertisement

Trending