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Should you sync your exercise time to your chronotype?

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Should you sync your exercise time to your chronotype?

A new study suggests that exercising at times that match whether someone is naturally a morning or evening person could reduce their risk of heart problems.

Researchers in Britain and Pakistan determined the chronotypes of 150 people aged between 40 to 60 through questionnaires and 48-hour core body temperature measurements.

Chronotype refers to the tendency to be naturally more active or wakeful at a particular period of the day.

All participants in the study – which was published in the journal Open Heart – had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, such as high blood pressure, obesity or physical inactivity, and were randomly assign-ed to exercise at times that either aligned with their chronotype or did not.

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Workouts were scheduled either in the morning (8am-11am) or evening (6pm-9pm).

Out of the group, 134 participants completed all 60 exercise sessions.

Over 12 weeks, the study found that both the matched and mismatched groups show-ed improvements in heart risk factors, aerobic fitness and sleep quality.

However, it discovered that those who exercised in alignment with their chronotype experienced greater reductions in blood pressure.

They also demonstrated better improvements in measures such as heart rate, aerobic capacity and sleep quality, compared to those whose exercise timing did not match their natural preferences.

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In light of these findings, we spoke to Nuffield Health personal training lead Sam Quinn in Britain, to find out whether or not he thinks we should all sync our exercise with our chronotype.

What are the main categories of chronotypes?

Chronotypes are often simplified into “morning larks” (early birds) and “night owls” (evening types).

“Morning people or early risers are people who find that their energy levels are optimal first thing in the morning and often find that they are more productive during the first part of the day,” says Quinn.

“Whereas, a night owl, or someone who is more of a night person, would be someone whose energy levels are optimal later in the day or the evening.

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“These are generally people who like to stay up late and maybe into the early hours in the morning.”

What are some benefits of trying to sync exercise with your chronotype?

“The main benefit is that it can help you stay consistent with your exercise,” says Quinn.

“We’ve all got busy lives and everyone’s got different preferences, but the best programme is going to be the one that you’re going to be able to stick to.

“For example, if you set a workout programme where you have to go to the gym at eight o’clock in the morning and you’re a night person, you might fail before you’ve even started.

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“However, if you select a time which is more suited to your preferred time of day and your body clock, where you feel more energised and it works better for your schedule, you’re going to be much more consistent and much more likely to achieve your goals, whether that’s improving your mental health, an aesthetic goal or a performance-related goal.”

Early birds benefit best from exercising in the morning before going to work.

Are there any signs that might indicate someone is working out at the “wrong” time of day?

“I think the main physical signs to look out for are to do with energy levels and performance,” says Quinn.

“For example, someone’s output might be affected.

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“They might be struggling to train that day, are not turning up consistently and are struggling to hit their designated reps or loads, therefore might not be able to accomplish their physical goals in the gym.

“Also, sometimes, people look visibly deflated.

“Their energy levels are depleted, they’re looking lethargic and might not be engaging with conversation.

If someone is feeling lethargic and tired, they’re not going to get the most out of their session and they’re not going to enjoy it.”

What other factors might affect your energy levels during workouts?

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The quantity and quality of your sleep can have a big impact on your energy levels during a workout.

“If you’re training regularly, but you’re not sleeping and recovering adequately, you’re not going to be energised and are not going to be able to perform at your best during your workouts,” highlights Quinn.

Stress can also sabotage your workouts.

“I would say that lifestyle-related stress is one of the biggest factors that impacts people’s energy levels, focus, motivation and frequency of workouts,” he adds.

“When people come in to train, they might vent about their work-related stress and might only get through 50% of the work that was planned for that session.

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“So, stress can be a really big obstacle.”

Fuelling yourself adequately is also key.

“Make sure that you’re recovering appropriately from your workouts with the correct nutrition and are fuelling yourself appropriately, depending on what your goal is,” says Quinn.

ALSO READ: Here’s the proper way to fill your ‘tank’ for exercise

“Try to educate yourself on these variables that are going to impact your goals – such as your sleep, nutrition, hydration and recovery – so that you can utilise all of this to help you to achieve your long-term goals.” 

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How can someone figure out what their chronotype is and find a routine that works for them?

“Many people think they are a morning person or have read that the best time of day to train is the morning, but when they train in the morning they feel tired and lethargic,” says Quinn.

“Some people also don’t sleep as well because they’re anticipating trying to get into the gym in the morning.

“I find that many people want to be a morning person, but actually train much better in the afternoon or the evening, when they’ve had a couple of extra hours of sleep.”

Sometimes finding a routine that works for you takes a bit of time.

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“Finding the right time to train and exercise can take a bit of trial and error, and can sometimes take quite a long time to figure out,” he says.

“Be flexible and try a few different times to see what’s optimal for you, what works with your lifestyle and what is going to enable you to be consistent over time.”

When figuring this out, listening to how your body and mind feels can help guide you.

“I regularly have to communicate with my clients and ask them, ‘How are you feeling? Is this the most suitable time for you?’” he adds.

Most importantly, Quinn reminds people to choose a type of activity that they actually enjoy and will stick to.

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“Find out what type of exercise you actually enjoy and that you are going to be consistent with,” he recommends.

“It doesn’t have to be strength training – it could be a dance class or yoga or endurance running.” – By Camilla Foster/PA Media/dpa

ALSO READ: Figuring out the best time to exercise

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Fitness

I Spent Years Believing Exercise Wasn’t for Me—Until I Ran My First Half Marathon at 35

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I Spent Years Believing Exercise Wasn’t for Me—Until I Ran My First Half Marathon at 35

“No one forced you to be here”: it’s a statement I’ve heard many times in many different ways over the years; at parties I didn’t enjoy, on weekends away when I had, in fact, felt forced to attend. Most recently, I said it to myself as I shuffled towards the start line at the Hoka Hackney Half Marathon. It was true; no one had forced me, and while that saying had previously always felt loaded — usually spewed in sulky moments when I wasn’t being fully amenable to the whims of whoever was lodging the insult at me — more recently, I have found it empowering.

I have a history of recoiling at anything with even a whiff of bootcamp vernacular, but at my weekly Pilates session, instructor Lucy Borrie likes to remind us that we chose to be there, and for the first time in my life, I’ve found that reminder reassuring rather than reprimanding. Before, I’d taken the saying as confirmation that I wasn’t meant to be there — that the space, and exercise at large, were not for me. No one forced you to be here, so if you’re not enjoying this, or you can’t complete the routine, then you are the problem: that is what I took that saying to mean.

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A Great Athlete is a Healthy Athlete: Muaz’s Journey to Becoming a Fitness Captain

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A Great Athlete is a Healthy Athlete: Muaz’s Journey to Becoming a Fitness Captain
Renee Dease (left) and Muaz Khan (right).

Fitness Captains as of 2025

All 7 Regions

Have Health fitness Captains Representaiton

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1,329

Health Messengers added in 2025

2,255

Total Fitness Captains

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Every May, Special Olympics celebrates Fitness and Sport Month, recognizing the power of sport to support athlete health, fitness, and performance. To celebrate, I met with Special Olympics Pakistan athlete and Fitness Captain Muaz Khan to learn about his journey to becoming a Fitness Captain.

Muaz has been an athlete for six years and a Fitness Captain for two years. Fitness Captains are athlete leaders who promote health, fitness, and healthy lifestyle habits within their Special Olympics teams and communities. They are trained to lead their sports teams in fitness activities, including warm-ups, cool downs, and exercises that enhance overall health and sports performance.

Today Fitness Captains are represented across all seven Special Olympics Regions in 80 Programs worldwide. In 2025 alone, a record-breaking 1,329 new Fitness Captains were trained, bringing the global total to 2,255.

Driven by a passion for fitness, Muaz became a Fitness Captain and today inspires his fellow athletes to practice healthy habits every day. After completing the Fitness Captain training two years ago, he embraced the idea that a great athlete is a healthy athlete and gained skills to lead safe and effective warm-ups and cool-downs while teaching his teammates about habits that improve fitness and sports performance.

With this new knowledge in hand, Muaz became a peer-leader for his teammates on and off the field. During practice and at Games, Muaz conducts warm-ups and cool-downs. He understands how important both are for sports performance. “Warm-ups are important because it prepares athletes to start being active before playing any match. Athletes get tired after playing, so cool-downs help them relax their bodies.”

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Muaz also shares health tips during training sessions, often times emphasizing how healthy eating habits are crucial to both health and fitness and referencing Special Olympics Fit 5 Guide. “I tell my teammates that they should drink eight glasses of water each day and have three home-cooked, healthy meals.”

Implementing Fitness through Sport within practice and competition expands the reach of health and fitness programming through a focus on three connected outcomes:

  1. Performance: Including endurance, speed, strength, and flexibility
  2. Health: Including energy, healthy weight, and fewer injuries
  3. Wellbeing: Including reduced risk of disease and improved quality of life
A group of three people standing in the middle of a gym perform fitness exercises in front of a group of people sitting on bleachers.
Muaz (middle) and fellow Fitness Captains lead morning exercises.

In addition to teaching his teammates healthy habits, Muaz also inspires his classmates to stay active daily. Every day at school, Muaz leads fitness activities and exercises he learned from the Fit 5 Guide.

“My favorite part about being a Fitness Captain is the Fit 5 activity. I conduct the Fit 5 activity every morning in front of my entire school.”

Muaz Khan, Special Olympics Fitness Captain and Athlete

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At the end of our conversation, Muaz shared advice to athletes considering becoming a Fitness Captain, “My life has changed a lot since becoming a Fitness Captain. I learned about the importance of exercise and so I do it very often, which has helped me become healthier. Once you become a Fitness Captain, your life will also change.”

Interested in learning more about Fitness Captains? Check out the Fitness Captain webpage and email Gwendolyn Apgar (gapgar@specialolympics.org) for more information on how to offer a training.

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Fitness

This equipment-free workout is designed to be done at your desk to build strength and muscle

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This equipment-free workout is designed to be done at your desk to build strength and muscle

If you were interested in joining the military, there are some fitness tests you would need to pass in order to qualify.

But not all military roles are physical. In fact, many military workers are desk-based and experience the same challenges as regular office workers,

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