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Addressing Climate Challenges: The Role of Research in Climate Finance

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Addressing Climate Challenges: The Role of Research in Climate Finance

Threatening ecosystems, public health, and economic stability, climate change remains one of the biggest worldwide issues of the twenty-first century. Among the major hazards the United States faces are changing sea levels, more violent storms, and disturbances in food output. Managing these risks and enabling the shift to a low-carbon economy depend on targeted investments in mitigating, adapting, and resilient building—that is, climate finance. The economic effects of climate change on the United States are discussed in this paper together with a discussion of significant policy proposals and an emphasis on ongoing research and innovation in climate finance.

The Economic Consequences of Climate Change in the U.S.

Extreme weather events now occur far more frequently and with far higher intensity, resulting in significant financial losses. Rising sea surface temperatures helped Hurricane Harvey cause before unheard-of flooding in Houston in 2017. One of the most expensive natural disasters in U.S. history, the damages topped $125 billion (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA.). Likewise, California’s ongoing droughts brought on by rising temperatures and less precipitation have stoked terrible wildfires that have destroyed infrastructure and displaced whole populations.

Without major adaptation strategies, yearly damages from hurricanes and coastal floods might reach $500 billion by 2025, according to a 2023 analysis in Nature Climate Change. This emphasizes how urgently studies on financial instruments meant to help reduce economic losses—such as insurance products and climate bonds—should be conducted.

Especially in places like California and the Midwest, climate change has upset established farming cycles. Extended droughts and severe storms have lowered crop harvests and raised manufacturing prices. For instance, the strong windstorm known as the 2020 Midwest derecho damaged about $11 billion worth of crops, including corn and soybeans (U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA). Food security and affordability will remain at risk without focused investments in climate-resilient agriculture including enhanced irrigation infrastructure and drought-resistant crops.

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Rising temperatures both directly and indirectly endanger health. Particularly among susceptible groups like the elderly and those from low-income areas, heat waves raise the frequency of heat-related diseases. Furthermore, moving to new areas as warming increases the habitat of disease-carrying insects are vector-borne diseases such as Lyme disease and West Nile virus. A report from The Lancet Planetary Health claims that tackling these increasing health hazards calls for coordinated plans combining public health preparedness and investments in green infrastructure meant to lower urban heat island effects.

Policy and Financial Mechanisms in Climate Action

To lower greenhouse gas emissions and advance climate resilience, the United States has instituted many historic laws. Allocating $369 billion to renewable energy and environmental projects, the Inflation Reduction Act (2022) marks the highest federal investment in climate change. Important clauses cover tax incentives for electric cars (EVs), renewable energy generation, and energy-efficient building improvements (Congressional Research Service, CRS). The Act seeks to hasten the acceptance of sustainable technologies by providing private sector innovation financial incentives.

The Biden government also rejoined the Paris Agreement, pledging a 50–52% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from 2005 levels by 2030. Investments in climate adaptation, clean energy infrastructure, and carbon sequestration technologies have top priority among federal agencies including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE).

Advancement of climate action has been much aided by state and municipal governments. To cut carbon emissions and set a target of 100% renewable energy by 2045, California has instituted a cap-and-trade program aiming at growing the infrastructure supporting renewable energy, New York has started bold clean energy initiatives. Urban cooling techniques and flood fortifications have been used in cities including Boston and Seattle to shield citizens from climatic effects. These municipal initiatives show how important multilevel government is for tackling environmental problems.

With wind and solar power making up a rising portion of electricity generation, the United States has achieved notable advancement in the acceptance of renewable energy. Texas leads the country in wind energy; California stays at the top in solar power. Particularly in Massachusetts and New Jersey, offshore wind projects spread throughout the East Coast are expected to greatly increase the nation’s renewable energy capacity.

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The energy transformation revolves mostly around technological innovation. While carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are being developed to lower emissions from industrial activity, advances in battery storage systems are improving grid dependability. Achieving net-zero emissions worldwide would depend on increasing CCS and hydrogen fuel technologies, per a 2023 International Energy Agency (IEA) assessment.

Opportunities and Challenges in the Green Economy

The shift to a green economy presents significant employment generation possibilities. Two of the fastest-growing jobs in the United States according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) are solar panel installers and wind turbine service technicians. A McKinsey analysis projects that investments in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and energy-efficient infrastructure could provide nearly 9 million additional employments by 2030.

Moreover, green infrastructure projects—such as public transit networks and energy-efficient building retrofits—have the potential to boost local economies while lowering emissions. Through reduced energy expenditures and higher productivity, the U.S. Green Building Council projects that every dollar spent in energy efficiency results in up to four dollars in economic benefits.

Notwithstanding great progress, considerable obstacles still exist. While technological issues including the scalability of CCS and the intermittency of renewable energy sources must be resolved, political polarization has hampered the passage of comprehensive climate legislation. Another important problem is making sure workers in sectors dependent on fossil fuels have a fair changeover. To reduce social disturbances during the energy change, policymakers have to give labor retraining and social support programs top priority.

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Regarding its approach to climate change, the United States finds itself at a turning point. Although obstacles still exist, the nation’s governmental systems, technological capacity, and economic resources set it in a position to spearhead worldwide climate action. The U.S. can not only lessen the effects of climate change but also build a more sustainable and fair future by encouraging research and invention in climate finance.

The expenses of inaction much exceed the expenditures required to reduce climate effects as extreme weather events and environmental hazards keep becoming more frequent. Now is the moment for audacious, well-coordinated action including civil society, the business sector, and all tiers of government. The United States can provide a strong model for the world in tackling the existential problem of climate change with the correct mix of ambition, creativity, and cooperation.

Finance

Business continuity & disaster recovery in finance: Endpoint resiliency in a high-stakes world

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Business continuity & disaster recovery in finance: Endpoint resiliency in a high-stakes world

In financial services, “time is money” is more than a saying — it’s an unforgiving law. A few hours of downtime can mean millions lost, confidence shaken, and regulators knocking. 

As firms invest heavily in data protection, disaster recovery, and infrastructure redundancy, one critical layer often remains underinvested: endpoint resilience. The devices that connect analysts, traders, portfolio managers, risk teams, and back‑office staff to core systems are often the weakest link, and when they fail, the rest of the architecture can’t save you fast enough.

Why endpoints are the last mile of risk

Regulators are already raising the bar. The FFIEC’s modern guidance for U.S. financial institutions reframes the standard from simple business continuity and disaster recovery (BC&DR) plans to operational resilience, demanding full continuity even under cyber disruption. In 2025, global regulatory regimes are similarly shifting, like DORA in the EU, for example, mandating rigorous ICT risk management, continuity, and incident response rules across financial institutions. It isn’t enough to recover your back-end systems; your users must be able to reconnect securely and fast.

Here’s the hard truth: More than half of attacks in financial services begin at endpoints. In 2024, 65% of financial institutions reported ransomware attacks. Of those, 49% experienced full encryption of datathough many also mitigated before full encryption. The average recovery cost (excluding ransom) in finance hit $2.58M in 2024, and ransom demands routinely range into the millions. 

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When systems grind to a halt in finance, the effect isn’t just measured in spreadsheets — it’s seen on the trading floor, in anxious client calls, and across frozen payment screens. Downtime isn’t just a technical hiccup; it erodes trust and sends shockwaves across the business. A few minutes offline can mean missed trades, unsettled deals, and regulatory headaches that persist long after recovery.

Today, most downtime is tied to security incidents and not just IT failures. That means the pressure is higher, and expectations from regulators and clients are relentless. Traditional fixes like hardware swaps or reimaging can’t keep up. In finance, recovery needs to be instant, seamless, and leave no room for doubt because every moment counts.

The real costs of traditional endpoint recovery in finance

Let’s examine a few real-world barriers:

  • Scale & complexity: Financial institutions often manage tens of thousands of endpoints across trading floors, branch networks, remote staff, and data centers.
  • Critical prioritization: Some devices, such as those running trading desks or risk models, must come back online before others.
  • Forensic & compliance integrity: Overwriting or wiping devices can destroy audit trails needed for post-incident investigations and regulatory reviews.
  • Latency to value: Shipping replacement devices or reimaging at scale introduces unacceptable delays.
  • Dependency on VDI/remote desktop: But what if the endpoint itself is compromised or can’t initiate the remote session? That fallback collapses under attack.

Even in the most mature BC/DR strategies, endpoint recovery is typically an overlooked blind spot.

IGEL: Embedding continuity into every endpoint

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IGEL’s approach to BC&DR closes this gap with endpoint‑level resilience that matches the expectations in finance. Instead of treating endpoints as passive dependencies, IGEL turns them into active recovery enablers.

  • IGEL Dual Boot & USB fallback: Each device boots into an immutable IGEL environment separate from the main system, so users can regain secure access instantly, without wiping or losing the original partition.
  • Scale with control: IGEL Universal Management Suite (UMS) orchestrates recovery across thousands of endpoints from one console while enforcing policy and priority.
  • Preserve forensic integrity: The compromised partition remains untouched, preserving logs and evidence for regulators and investigations.
  • Regulator-ready workflow: IGEL’s architecture aligns with operational resilience frameworks (e.g. DORA, FFIEC, local mandates), enabling auditable and rapid recovery steps.
  • Minimized disruption: No hardware swaps, no freight delays, no extended downtime. Users reboot and resume work in minutes — not hours, not days.

For finance, this is more than a technical improvement, it’s a structural advantage. Imagine a trading desk seamlessly rebooting into a clean environment while IT investigates. 

Making endpoint recovery the next pillar of resilience

To adopt endpoint resilience, financial leaders should:

  1. Reframe endpoint risk: View endpoints as active assets in recovery, not passive liabilities.
  2. Simulate real attacks: Test a full-scale endpoint compromise in tabletop and live drills.
  3. Tier your devices: Assign priority levels (trading, risk modeling, client-facing) and map recovery SLAs accordingly.
  4. Integrate IGEL BC&DR: Deploy the IGEL Dual Boot failover plan across endpoints layered into your continuity playbooks.
  5. Audit & certify: Use IGEL’s immutable architecture and audit trails to satisfy regulators demanding proof of quick, reliable recovery.

Conclusion: Not just resilience — Continuity without compromise

In finance, downtime bleeds value faster than any other domain. The best business continuity and disaster recovery strategies already protect data, applications, and infrastructure. But true resilience demands one more layer at the endpoints.

IGEL BC&DR empowers financial services firms to convert their most vulnerable assets into recovery enablers, shrinking downtime from days to minutes, safeguarding compliance, preserving forensic visibility, and keeping clients, stakeholders, and regulators confident through disruption.

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If you’re ready to elevate your continuity approach and embed resilience where it really matters, see IGEL in action today.

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Asian stocks rise as US rate hopes soothe nerves after torrid week

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Asian stocks rise as US rate hopes soothe nerves after torrid week
Investors are awaiting the latest US inflation data this week that could guide the Federal Reserve’s decision-making on interest rates (RONALDO SCHEMIDT)

Asian markets mostly rose Monday as fresh hopes for a US interest rate cut provided some calm after last week’s rollercoaster ride fuelled by worries of a tech bubble.

The scramble to snap up all things AI has helped propel equities skywards this year, pushing several companies to records — with chip titan Nvidia last month becoming the first to top $5 trillion.

But investors have grown increasingly fearful that the vast sums pumped into the sector may have been overdone and could take some time to see profits realised, leading to warnings of a possible market correction.

That has been compounded in recent weeks by falling expectations the Federal Reserve will cut rates for a third successive time next month as stubbornly high inflation overshadows weakness in the labour market.

However, risk appetite was given a much-needed shot in the arm Friday when New York Fed boss John Williams said he still sees “room for a further adjustment” at the bank’s December 9-10 policy meeting.

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The remarks saw the chances of a cut shoot up to about 70 percent, from 35 percent earlier.

Focus is now on the release this week of the producer price index, which will be one of the last major data points before officials gather, with other key reports postponed or missed because of the government shutdown.

“The reading carries heightened importance following the postponement of October’s personal consumption expenditures report, originally scheduled for 26 November, which removes a key datapoint from policymakers’ assessment framework,” wrote IG market analyst Fabien Yip.

“A substantially stronger-than-expected PPI outcome could reinforce concerns that inflationary pressures remain entrenched, potentially constraining the Fed’s capacity to reduce rates in December despite recent labour market softening.”

After Wall Street’s rally Friday capped a torrid week for markets, Asia mostly started on the front foot.

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Hong Kong and Seoul jumped more than one percent, while Sydney, Singapore, Wellington and Taipei were also well up, though Shanghai and Manila retreated. US futures advanced.

Tokyo was closed for a holiday.

But while the mood is a little less fractious than last week, uncertainty continues to weigh on riskier assets, with bitcoin hovering around $87,000.

While that is up from its seven-month low of $80,553, it is still sharply down from its record $126,200 hit last month.

– Key figures at around 0230 GMT –

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Hong Kong – Hang Seng Index: UP 1.4 percent at 25,568.08

Shanghai – Composite: DOWN 0.1 percent at 3,829.71

Tokyo – Nikkei 225: Closed for a holiday

Dollar/yen: UP at 156.70 yen from 156.39 yen on Friday

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Euro/dollar: DOWN at $1.1515 from $1.1519

Pound/dollar: DOWN at $1.3096 from $1.3107

Euro/pound: UP at 87.92 pence from 87.88 pence

West Texas Intermediate: DOWN 0.2 percent at $57.93 per barrel

Brent North Sea Crude: DOWN 0.2 percent at $62.44 per barrel

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New York – Dow: UP 1.1 percent at 46,245.41 (close)

London – FTSE 100: UP 0.1 percent at 9,539.71 (close)

dan/rsc

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Donating Stock Instead of Cash Is the 2-for-1 Deal You’ll Love at Tax Time

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Donating Stock Instead of Cash Is the 2-for-1 Deal You’ll Love at Tax Time

For many families, the holiday season comes with familiar rituals: untangling last year’s Christmas lights, decorating the tree and rediscovering ornaments we swore we’d organize “better next year.”

Charitable giving should feel just as joyful and natural — but for many households, it’s also a moment when good intentions collide with inefficient habits.

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