WASHINGTON — The Supreme Courtroom’s conservative majority appeared to be looking out on Monday for a slim strategy to rule in favor of a former highschool soccer coach who misplaced his job for praying on the 50-yard line after his crew’s video games.

The duty was difficult by factual disputes over the conduct of the coach, Joseph A. Kennedy, and the shifting rationales provided by the college district in Bremerton, Wash., for disciplining him.

In accordance with Paul D. Clement, one in every of Mr. Kennedy’s legal professionals, his shopper had sought to supply solely a quick, silent and solitary prayer of thanks after his crew’s video games. Earlier episodes, together with prayers within the locker room, weren’t related, Mr. Clement mentioned.

Richard B. Katskee, a lawyer for the Bremerton College District, mentioned the college was entitled to require that its staff chorus from public prayer if college students had been prone to really feel coerced into collaborating.

He was challenged by a number of the extra conservative justices, who mentioned the district had initially argued that it may cease Mr. Kennedy from praying on a special floor: that the college could be perceived to be endorsing faith by permitting it. They urged that the concern of coercion was a rationalization after the very fact.

Justices throughout the ideological spectrum peppered the legal professionals with hypothetical questions. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. requested whether or not Mr. Kennedy may have prayed aloud whereas standing together with his arms outstretched. Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. requested whether or not Mr. Kennedy would have been disciplined for protesting the invasion of Ukraine, local weather change or racial injustice.

The tenor of the questioning from the courtroom’s conservative members was unsurprising, as 4 of them had issued an announcement questioning a preliminary ruling in favor of the officers from the U.S. Courtroom of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco.

“The Ninth Circuit’s understanding of the free speech rights of public-school academics is troubling and should justify evaluation sooner or later,” Justice Alito wrote on the time. He was joined by Justices Neil M. Gorsuch, Brett M. Kavanaugh and Clarence Thomas.

“What is probably most troubling in regards to the Ninth Circuit’s opinion,” Justice Alito added, “is language that may be understood to imply {that a} coach’s obligation to function a superb function mannequin requires the coach to chorus from any manifestation of non secular religion — even when the coach is plainly not on obligation.”

After additional proceedings, a unanimous three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit once more dominated in opposition to Mr. Kennedy, saying that college officers had been entitled to forbid his public prayers to keep away from a possible violation of the First Modification’s prohibition of presidency institution of faith.

The total Ninth Circuit declined to rehear the case over the objections of 11 judges. The 2 sides sharply disagreed about find out how to characterize Mr. Kennedy’s actions.

Decide Milan D. Smith Jr., the creator of the panel opinion, wrote that “Kennedy made it his mission to intertwine faith with soccer.”

“He led the crew in prayer within the locker room earlier than every recreation, and a few gamers started to affix him for his postgame prayer, too, the place his observe finally developed to incorporate full-blown non secular speeches to, and prayers with, gamers from each groups after the sport, performed whereas the gamers had been nonetheless on the sphere and whereas followers remained within the stands,” Decide Smith wrote.

In response, Decide Diarmuid F. O’Scannlain mentioned the panel opinion had issues backward. “It’s axiomatic that academics don’t ‘shed’ their First Modification protections ‘on the schoolhouse gate,’” he wrote, quoting a 1969 Supreme Courtroom resolution. “But the opinion on this case obliterates such constitutional protections by asserting a brand new rule that any speech by a public-school trainer or coach, whereas on the clock and in earshot of others, is topic to plenary management by the federal government.”

On Monday, Justice Stephen G. Breyer, mentioned the case, Kennedy v. Bremerton College District, No. 21-418, introduced uncommon challenges. “This can be a case in regards to the information and not likely a lot in regards to the legislation,” he mentioned.