Culture
2025 NFL mock draft: Browns land Travis Hunter, Mason Graham cracks top three
Read Dane Brugler’s 2025 ‘The Beast’ NFL Draft guide.
The NFL Draft features 32 first-round picks. It does not, however, necessarily feature 32 prospects with a first-round grade.
Most drafts don’t sniff that number. And though the 2025 NFL Draft definitely features depth of talent at several positions, the number of players in this class with a consensus first-round grade is likely in the low teens. That’s especially important when discussing the top two quarterbacks, Miami’s Cam Ward and Colorado’s Shedeur Sanders. Both are very good prospects, but I’m not sure we can objectively call either “elite.”
A first-round grade means the player has almost no scouting holes, no serious questions about whether or not he’ll be able to handle a starting workload for an NFL team (likely a bad one) tomorrow. A year ago, there were three quarterbacks who fit that bill: Caleb Williams, Jayden Daniels and Drake Maye. This year, quite frankly, there are zero.
It’s still possible Ward and Sanders land in the top 10. But it’s also possible one of those players — more likely Sanders — takes a tumble.
With that in mind, here’s my latest three-round mock draft:
1. Tennessee Titans: Cam Ward, QB, Miami
To be clear, I would not do this. Same time, there’s too much smoke to ignore that first-year GM Mike Borgonzi’s priority is a quarterback, and if you’re going to take one this high, it’s absolutely Ward. I do not think he’d have gone higher than Caleb Williams, Jayden Daniels or Drake Maye last season, but it’s possible — given the QB desperation league wide — he’d have been a top-10 pick in 2024.
GO DEEPER
2025 NFL Draft consensus Big Board: Ashton Jeanty holds at No. 3; Jihaad Campbell climbs
2. Cleveland Browns: Travis Hunter, CB/WR, Colorado
The best football player in this draft class and one of the most unique talents we’ve seen in years, Hunter will make an impact wherever he goes — and wherever he lines up — immediately next year. If he sticks at CB he’ll arguably have the best ball skills of any DB in the NFL. He’s that good. This could also be Shedeur Sanders, though I’m decidedly less sure about him than I am Ward.
3. New York Giants: Mason Graham, DT, Michigan
The Giants have spent the entire offseason trying to find veteran quarterbacks in the face of this rookie class, so this, too, could be a Sanders landing spot. But I have zero questions about Graham’s ability to help the Giants immediately.
4. New England Patriots: Abdul Carter, edge, Penn State
Carter’s foot situation certainly complicates matters, though I wouldn’t rule him out as a top-three selection here. If he’s healthy, Carter has a chance to be the best pro in this class. Foot injuries are very scary, however.
5. Jacksonville Jaguars: Will Campbell, OT, LSU
Campbell’s arms are a bit short — if he wasn’t so good with his hands and feet, that might be an issue. But Campbell, one of the hardest workers in this draft class, is a terrific athlete. Like when the Chargers drafted Rashawn Slater, nobody should overthink this.
6. Las Vegas Raiders: Ashton Jeanty, RB, Boise State
Jeanty is the NFL Draft’s best running back prospect since at least Bijan Robinson/Jahmyr Gibbs. He might be the best we’ve seen since Saquon Barkley. Regardless of where he fits in that tier, though, he absolutely should be a top-10 pick.
7. New York Jets: Armand Membou, OT, Missouri
At the very least, the Jets have a bridge QB in Justin Fields. It’s also possible Fields turns a corner and becomes the team’s long-term starter. Either way, New York’s new regime is not in position to roll the dice on a QB.
Aaron Glenn should remember when Detroit passed on QB talent in 2021 to draft Penei Sewell. Start your rebuild there.
8. Carolina Panthers: Tetairoa McMillan, WR, Arizona
The tape tells the story with McMillan — and part of that story is that his less-than-stellar 40 time isn’t that big a deal. McMillan was a man among children at times in college and has the ability to help Bryce Young and this young Panthers offense immediately.
9. New Orleans Saints: Tyler Warren, TE, Penn State
The 2025 draft class features another great tight end group, and Warren — a true three-down player with the potential to be a dominant run blocker — is leader of the pack. The tight end position has evolved so much in the last 10 years, and Warren has the talent worthy of a top-10 pick.
GO DEEPER
Why do Tyler Warren, Colston Loveland stand out in 2025 NFL Draft TE class?
10. Chicago Bears: Shemar Stewart, edge, Texas A&M
The No. 2 edge in this class is a tough call, especially if we’re lumping Jihaad Campbell and/or Jalon Walker in with that group. A case certainly could be made for Georgia’s Mykel Williams here. But Stewart (6-5, 267) is actually bigger than Williams, and nearly as long (34 1/8 arms). He’s the most athletic edge in this class not named Abdul Carter.
11. San Francisco 49ers: Jihaad Campbell, LB, Alabama
It’s hard to compare people to Micah Parsons. Campbell isn’t as fast as the Cowboys’ dynamic superstar, but he’s not that far off — and he’s probably at least as explosive. As was the case with Parsons when he came out of college, Campbell hasn’t scratched the surface with regard to all the things he can do on a football field.
12. Dallas Cowboys: Will Johnson, CB, Michigan
It’s not nothing that Johnson has avoided athletic testing at all costs this offseason. It’s also not nothing he more or less sat the 2024 season out after getting dinged up early. But the tape doesn’t lie — Johnson’s confidence is off-the-charts good, as is his football IQ. He definitely could tumble, but he’s a worthy top-15 prospect.
13. Miami Dolphins: Nick Emmanwori, S, South Carolina
The most complete athlete in this draft, Emmanwori has versatility that knows nearly no limit — he’s 6-foot-3, 220 pounds with a 4.38-second 40 time, 43-inch vertical and 11 foot, 6 inch broad jump. He’s still learning how to be consistent, but Emmanwori has the potential to be a defensive coordinator’s best friend.
14. Indianapolis Colts: Colston Loveland, TE, Michigan
There are days when I think Loveland might be right there with Warren as a legit top-10 prospect. An outstanding receiver who terrorized linebackers and has the ability to beat safeties (and some corners), Loveland is also a better blocker than people realize and one of the most dependable talents on the board. He’d be a perfect fit in Indianapolis.
15. Atlanta Falcons: Mykel Williams, edge, Georgia
Williams’ scouting profile almost could be used to explain most of this class: He’s a terrific athlete (at 6-5, 260) and has limitless potential as a do-it-all edge with interior rush potential, but he’s also really never put everything together. Though it could take a minute for him to develop, he has true star potential at an incredibly valuable position.
16. Arizona Cardinals: Derrick Harmon, DT, Oregon
It wouldn’t be a shock if Harmon winds up going higher than this. At 6-4, 313, he’s bigger than Graham and probably comes with more versatility — he’s already proven he can walk outside and handle himself as a big edge.
Derrick Harmon impressed throughout his drills 📈 @OregonFootball
📺: #NFLCombine on @NFLNetwork
📱: Stream on @NFLPlus pic.twitter.com/RApm9yEw3q— NFL (@NFL) February 27, 2025
17. Cincinnati Bengals: Mike Green, edge, Marshall
Like Carter, Campbell and Walker, Green is a phenomenal athlete who gives off Parsons-like vibes in terms of versatility. There also are serious off-field questions here teams will have to investigate before making a decision.
18. Seattle Seahawks: Tyler Booker, G, Alabama
Booker’s not a perfect prospect. Scouts wanted to see more consistency from him as a junior, but they also understand that Booker’s been one of the SEC’s most physically impressive offensive linemen since the first game of his true freshman season. It feels like Seattle has been looking for a prospect like this for at least five years.
19. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Jalon Walker, edge, Georgia
This might be the floor for Walker, whose testing may have caused him to slip behind Campbell and Green on some boards. Still, he’s a legit playmaker anywhere he lines up — a hell-on-wheels front-seven defender who’d be perfect for Todd Bowles.
20. Denver Broncos: Emeka Egbuka, WR, Ohio State
One of my favorite players in this class, Egbuka is this year’s version of Amon-Ra St. Brown — a fearless competitor who was a difference-maker from Day 1 inside one of the country’s best programs. As far as I’m concerned, he’d qualify as the “Joker” weapon Sean Payton wants.
21. Pittsburgh Steelers: Shedeur Sanders, QB, Colorado
Even if Pittsburgh signs Aaron Rodgers, and even if Rodgers has some gas left in the tank we simply haven’t seen over the past three years, the Steelers have to devise a long-term plan for the most important position on the field. I cannot get there on Sanders as a top-10 pick, and I don’t think he’s ready to help fix a truly bad team. He’ll be a much better fit if he lands somewhere that can give him a supporting cast.
GO DEEPER
Colorado pro day: Travis Hunter is a lock as a top-5 pick, but could Shedeur Sanders fall?
22. Los Angeles Chargers: Omarion Hampton, RB, North Carolina
Jim Harbaugh’s backfield needs thunder and lightning. And Hampton, a 221-pound hammer with speed and wiggle, can be both at the same time. Not only did he rush for more than 3,000 combined yards the last two years, but also he had more than 60 catches.
23. Green Bay Packers: Jahdae Barron, CB, Texas
A tough, smart, dependable competitor, Barron reminds me of a bigger version of Washington’s Mike Sainristil. He can play anywhere in the defensive backfield, and you’re going to get everything he has on every snap. He’d be perfect for the physical and talented NFC North.
24. Minnesota Vikings: Grey Zabel, G/C, North Dakota State
Zabel was a true five-tool offensive lineman in college. He’s not long enough to be an every-day tackle in the NFL, but his ability to make things happen inside is undeniable. Zabel is a powerful, explosive, flexible athlete with elite football IQ.
25. Houston Texans: Joshua Simmons, OT, Ohio State
After suffering a knee injury early during the 2024 season, Simmons expects to be ready for the start of his rookie year. If he hadn’t suffered that injury, it’s fair to wonder if Simmons might have been OT1 in 2025. And the Texans have to find people who can keep C.J. Stroud off the ground.
26. Los Angeles Rams: Josh Conerly Jr., OT, Oregon
Consistency is lacking, but Conerly is a young prospect with elite athletic traits and equally exciting flashes. His potential fit inside an offense that needs run blockers capable of being dangerous on the move and in space could be terrific.
27. Baltimore Ravens: Donovan Ezeiruaku, edge, Boston College
It’s possible Ezeiruaku is long gone by the late 20s, as the depth of his pass-rush arsenal and his attention to detail are arguably better than any other rusher in this class. He’s also one of the most agile (sub-7-second three-cone at the combine).
GO DEEPER
The case for sports’ greatest No. 8
28. Detroit Lions: Kelvin Banks Jr., OT, Texas
The Lions’ biggest need is edge, and it also wouldn’t shock me should Brad Holmes try to get younger at receiver — Jameson Williams’ long-term future on the roster is anything but certain. But Detroit also has uncertainty at guard. Banks, a college tackle, should translate well to a guard spot in the NFL and could potentially be a long-term answer opposite Sewell.
29. Washington Commanders: Matthew Golden, WR, Texas
Of all the draft-eligible offensive talent at Texas last season, Golden might’ve made the biggest leap. He displayed true difference-making speed and has an ability to win in any area of the field. He flashed WR1 ability, to go along with his 4.29 speed.
30. Buffalo Bills: Kenneth Grant, DT, Michigan
Grant’s talent (at 6-4, 331) is undeniable, but almost nothing about his game is consistent. He also did not test anywhere near where scouts anticipated he would. Still, he’s an explosive, powerful presence with high-end potential as a nose and/or a big 3-tech. There’s enough raw ability here to bet on.
31. Kansas City Chiefs: Donovan Jackson, G/OT, Ohio State
A balanced, explosive athlete with very good length, Jackson spent most of his Ohio State career at guard before moving out to tackle in the wake of Simmons’ injury — a critical move during Ohio State’s title run. Jackson can be inconsistent with his hands but has the look of a possible long-term starter at guard or tackle.
32. Philadelphia Eagles: Malaki Starks, S, Georgia
One of the smartest football players in this draft, Starks feels a lot like this year’s version of Brian Branch. He’s probably not fast enough to hold up as an outside corner, but he can play either safety spot or be a capable NFL nickel. He and Cooper DeJean together would be a lot of fun.
Round 2
33. Cleveland Browns: Tyler Shough, QB, Louisville
This, to me, makes much more sense for the Browns than reaching for a QB at No. 2. It’s possible Cleveland will have to trade back into the bottom of the first round for either Shough or Ole Miss’ Jaxson Dart, but this would give the Browns a young quarterback and a premium talent at the top of the second.
34. New York Giants: Jaxson Dart, QB, Ole Miss
Personally, I prefer Shough to Dart but it’s very close. Dart’s biggest challenge will be proving he wasn’t simply a product of a very college-y offense the way ex-Ole Miss QB Matt Corral was. However, Dart’s a better prospect in just about every area. To me: Shough and Dart are closer to Sanders on the board than Sanders is to Ward.
35. Tennessee Titans: Luther Burden III, WR, Missouri
36. Jacksonville Jaguars: Walter Nolen, DT, Ole Miss
37. Las Vegas Raiders: Carson Schwesinger, LB, UCLA
UCLA LB Carson Schwesinger (projected top-50 pick) weighed in at 238 pounds at his workout today for NFL teams. From an NFL scout in attendance:
3C: 7.05
SS: 4.25
BJ: 10’7″
(No 40-yard dash)— Dane Brugler (@dpbrugler) April 2, 2025
38. New England Patriots: Aireontae Ersery, OT, Minnesota
39. Chicago Bears (from CAR): Kaleb Johnson, RB, Iowa
40. New Orleans Saints: Shavon Revel Jr., CB, East Carolina
41. Chicago Bears: Darius Alexander, DT, Toledo
42. New York Jets: Jalen Milroe, QB, Alabama
If there’s a QB other than Ward or Sanders who might surprise people with how high he’s picked, it’s Milroe. Every physical trait he owns is worth betting on, though the gamble here is considerable given how inconsistent he was as a passer during every season at Alabama.
43. San Francisco 49ers: Tyleik Williams, DT, Ohio State
44. Dallas Cowboys: Quinshon Judkins, RB, Ohio State
45. Indianapolis Colts: Demetrius Knight Jr., LB, South Carolina
GO DEEPER
Feldman’s 2025 NFL mock draft: How coaches view Ward, Sanders, Hunter, Carter and more
46. Atlanta Falcons: Benjamin Morrison, CB, Notre Dame
47. Arizona Cardinals: James Pearce Jr., edge, Tennessee
48. Miami Dolphins: Shemar Turner, DT, Texas A&M
49. Cincinnati Bengals: Tate Ratledge, G/C, Georgia
50. Seattle Seahawks: Jaylin Noel, WR, Iowa State
51. Denver Broncos: TreVeyon Henderson, RB, Ohio State
52. Seattle Seahawks (from PIT): Maxwell Hairston, CB, Kentucky
53. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Nic Scourton, edge, Texas A&M
54. Green Bay Packers: Jayden Higgins, WR, Iowa State
55. Los Angeles Chargers: Mason Taylor, TE, LSU
I’m not ruling out the possibility of someone at the bottom of the first taking a swing at Taylor, the athletic, sure-handed son Pro Football Hall of Famer Jason Taylor (and nephew of Zach Thomas). Few coaches in the NFL have better eyes for TE talent than Jim Harbaugh.
#LSU TE Mason Taylor
Garrett Nussmeier is going to miss him quite a bit.
[image or embed]
— Nick Baumgardner (@nickbaumgardner.bsky.social) February 11, 2025 at 7:29 AM
56. Buffalo Bills (from MIN): Azareye’h Thomas, CB, Florida State
57. Carolina Panthers (from LAR): Kevin Winston Jr., S, Penn State
58. Houston Texans: T.J. Sanders, DT, South Carolina
59. Baltimore Ravens: Omarr Norman-Lott, DT, Tennessee
60. Detroit Lions: JT Tuimoloau, edge, Ohio State
61. Washington Commanders: Darien Porter, CB, Iowa State
62. Buffalo Bills: Jack Bech, WR, TCU
63. Kansas City Chiefs: Dylan Sampson, RB, Tennessee
64. Philadelphia Eagles: Jordan Burch, edge, Oregon
Round 3
65. New York Giants: Landon Jackson, edge, Arkansas
66. Kansas City Chiefs (from TEN): Jack Sawyer, edge, Ohio State
67. Cleveland Browns: Ozzy Trapilo, OT, Boston College
68. Las Vegas Raiders: Tre Harris, WR, Ole Miss
69. New England Patriots: Quincy Riley, CB, Louisville
GO DEEPER
Jordan Palmer wants to change how we evaluate QBs. Kyle McCord is his 2025 NFL Draft test case.
70. Jacksonville Jaguars: Oluwafemi Oladejo, edge, UCLA
71. New Orleans Saints: Joshua Farmer, DT, Florida State
72. Chicago Bears: Danny Stutsman, LB, Oklahoma
73. New York Jets: Jalen Royals, WR, Utah State
74. Carolina Panthers: Kyle Kennard, edge, South Carolina
75. San Francisco 49ers: Cameron Williams, OT, Texas
76. Dallas Cowboys: Kyle Williams, WR, Washington State
One of the more underrated players in this class, Williams is a small receiver, and his hands could be more consistent — but he’s one of the best YAC players in the class and an outstanding route runner with the ball skills to win in any area on the field. Very exciting player.
#Wazzu WR Kyle Williams is a problem.
He’s not big, could be more consistent with hands, but he’s one of the smoothest route runners in the country.
🏈4.42 speed
🏈10 contested catches at just 5-10, 190
🏈70-1196-14 last season
🏈Nearly 600 YAC yardsThis is a top 100 player IMO
[image or embed]
— Nick Baumgardner (@nickbaumgardner.bsky.social) April 5, 2025 at 9:34 AM
77. New England Patriots (from ATL): Elic Ayomanor, WR, Stanford
78. Arizona Cardinals: Anthony Belton, OT, NC State
79. Houston Texans (from MIA): Jared Wilson, C, Georgia
80. Indianapolis Colts: Marcus Mbow, G/OT, Purdue
81. Cincinnati Bengals: Xavier Watts, S, Notre Dame
82. Seattle Seahawks: Elijah Arroyo, TE, Miami
83. Pittsburgh Steelers: Alfred Collins, DT, Texas
84. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Andrew Mukuba, S, Texas
85. Denver Broncos: Terrance Ferguson, TE, Oregon
86. Los Angeles Chargers: Jonah Savaiinaea, G/OT, Arizona
87. Green Bay Packers: Jordan Phillips, DT, Maryland
88. Jacksonville Jaguars (from MIN): Trey Amos, CB, Ole Miss
89. Houston Texans: Tai Felton, WR, Maryland
90. Los Angeles Rams: Harold Fannin Jr., TE, Bowling Green
91. Baltimore Ravens: Jacob Parrish, CB, Kansas State
92. Seattle Seahawks (from DET): Charles Grant, OT, William & Mary
93. New Orleans Saints (from WAS): Isaiah Bond, WR, Texas
94. Cleveland Browns (from BUF): Jaydon Blue, RB, Texas
GO DEEPER
Could the Browns be tanking for Arch Manning? NFL execs debate
95. Kansas City Chiefs: Vernon Broughton, DT, Texas
96. Philadelphia Eagles: Miles Frazier, G, LSU
97. Minnesota Vikings*: Deone Walker, DT, Kentucky
98. Miami Dolphins*: Emery Jones Jr., OT, LSU
99. New York Giants*: Jackson Slater, G/OT, Sacramento State
100. San Francisco 49ers*: Princely Umanmielen, edge, Ole Miss
101. Los Angeles Rams*: Savion Williams, WR, TCU
102. Detroit Lions*: Josaiah Stewart, edge, Michigan
The Lions double-dipped at CB last season, and don’t be surprised if they do the same this year while searching for pass-rush help opposite Aidan Hutchinson. Bringing an Ohio State (Tuimoloau) or Michigan (Stewart) player to Detroit always makes for a good time. These two would complement each other well.
(* = compensatory pick)
(Illustration: Demetrius Robinson / The Athletic; Photos: Michael Miller / ISI Photos, Ed Zurga / Getty Images, Mark J. Rebilas and Rich Barnes / Imagn Images)
Culture
Test Yourself on the Settings Mentioned in These Novels About Road Trips
A strong sense of place can deeply influence a story, and in some cases, the setting can even feel like a character itself. This week’s literary geography quiz highlights the starting points or destinations of five novels about road trips. (Even if you aren’t familiar with the book, most questions offer an additional hint about the location.) To play, just make your selection in the multiple-choice list and the correct answer will be revealed. At the end of the quiz, you’ll find links to the books if you’d like to do further reading.
Culture
This Poem About Monet’s “Water Lilies” Reflects on the Powers and Limits of Art
In the midst of the world’s unrelenting horribleness, it’s important to make room for beauty. True! But also something of a truism, an idea that comes to hand a little too easily to be trusted. The proclamation that art matters — that, in difficult times, it helps — can sound like a shopworn self-care mantra.
So instead of musing on generalities, maybe we should focus our attention on a particular aesthetic experience. Instead of declaring the importance of art, we could look at a painting. Or we could read a poem.
A poem, as it happens, about looking at a painting.
Hayden did not take the act of seeing for granted. His eyesight was so poor that he described himself as “purblind”; as a child he was teased for his thick-framed glasses. Monet’s Giverny paintings, whose blurriness is sometimes ascribed to the painter’s cataracts, may have revealed to the poet not so much a new way of looking as one that he already knew.
Read in isolation, this short poem might seem to celebrate — and to exemplify — an art divorced from politics. Monet’s depiction of his garden, like the garden itself, offers a refuge from the world.
But “Selma” and “Saigon” don’t just represent headlines to be pushed aside on the way to the museum. They point toward the turmoil that preoccupied the poetry of Hayden and many of his contemporaries.
“Monet’s ‘Waterlilies’” was published in a 1970 collection called “Words in the Mourning Time.” The title poem is an anguished response to the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and to the deepening quagmire in Vietnam. Another poem in the volume is a long elegy for Malcolm X. Throughout his career (he died in 1980, at 66), Hayden returned frequently to the struggles and tragedies of Black Americans, including his own family.
Born in Detroit in 1913, Hayden, the first Black American to hold the office now known as poet laureate of the United States, was part of a generation of poets — Gwendolyn Brooks, Dudley Randall, Margaret Danner and others — who came of age between the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and the Black Arts movement of the ’60s.
A poet of modernist sensibilities and moderate temperament, he didn’t adopt the revolutionary rhetoric of the times, and was criticized by some of his more radical peers for the quietness of his voice and the formality of his diction.
But his contemplative style makes room for passion.
Culture
Frankenstein’s Many Adaptations Over the Years
Ever since the mad scientist Frankenstein cried, “It’s alive!” in the 1931 classic film directed by James Whale, pop culture has never been the same.
Few works of fiction have inspired more adaptations, re-imaginings, parodies and riffs than Mary Shelley’s tragic 1818 Gothic novel, “Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus,” the tale of Victor Frankenstein, who, in his crazed quest to create life, builds a grotesque creature that he rejects immediately.
The story was first borrowed for the screen in 1910 — in a single-reel silent — and has directly or indirectly spawned hundreds of movies and TV shows in many genres. Each one, including Guillermo del Toro’s new “Frankenstein,” streaming on Netflix, comes with the same unspoken agreement: that we collectively share a core understanding of the legend.
Here’s a look at the many ways the central themes that Shelley explored, as she provocatively plumbed the human condition, have been examined and repurposed time and again onscreen.
“I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation.”— Victor Frankenstein, Chapter 3
The Mad-Scientist Creator
Shelley was profuse in her descriptions of the scientist’s relentless mind-set as he pursued his creation, his fixation on generating life blinding him to all the ramifications.
Sound familiar? Perhaps no single line in cinema has distilled this point better than in the 1993 blockbuster “Jurassic Park,” when Dr. Ian Malcolm tells John Hammond, the eccentric C.E.O. with a God complex, “Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could that they didn’t stop to think if they should.”
Among the beloved interpretations that offer a maniacal, morally muddled scientist is “The Curse of Frankenstein” (1957), the first in the Hammer series.
“Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein” (1994), directed by Kenneth Branagh, is generally considered the most straightforward adaptation of the book.
More inventive variations include the flamboyant Dr. Frank-N-Furter, who creates a “perfect man” in the 1975 camp favorite “The Rocky Horror Picture Show.”
In Alex Garland’s 2015 thriller, “Ex Machina,” a reclusive, self-obsessed C.E.O. builds a bevy of female-like humanoids.
And in the 1985 horror comedy “Re-Animator,” a medical student develops a substance that revives dead tissue.
Then there are the 1971 Italian gothic “Lady Frankenstein” and the 2023 thriller “Birth/Rebirth,” in which the madman is in fact a madwoman.
“With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet.”— Victor Frankenstein, Chapter 5
The Moment of Reanimation
Shelley is surprisingly vague about how her scientist actually accomplishes his task, leaving remarkable room for interpretation. In a conversation with The New York Times, del Toro explained that he had embraced this ambiguity as an opportunity for imagination, saying, “I wanted to detail every anatomical step I could in how he put the creature together.”
Filmmakers have reimagined reanimation again and again. See Mel Brooks’s affectionate 1974 spoof, “Young Frankenstein,” which stages that groundbreaking scene from Whale’s first movie in greater detail.
Other memorable Frankensteinian resurrections include the 1987 sci-fi action movie “RoboCop,” when a murdered police officer is rebooted as a computerized cyborg law enforcer.
In the 2012 Tim Burton animated “Frankenweenie,” a young scientist revives his beloved dog by harnessing lighting.
And in the 2019 psychologically bleak thriller “Depraved,” an Army surgeon, grappling with trauma, pieces together a bundle of body parts known as Adam.
“Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust?”— The creature, Chapter 15
The Wretched Creature
In Shelley’s telling, the creature has yellow skin, flowing black hair, white teeth and watery eyes, and speaks eloquently, but is otherwise unimaginably repulsive, allowing us to fill in the blanks. Del Toro envisions an articulate, otherworldly being with no stitches, almost like a stone sculpture.
It was Whale’s 1931 “Frankenstein” — based on a 1927 play by Peggy Webling — and his 1935 “Bride of Frankenstein” that have perhaps shaped the story’s legacy more than the novel. Only loosely tethered to the original text, these films introduced the imagery that continues to prevail: a lumbering monster with a block head and neck bolts, talking like a caveman.
In Tim Burton’s 1990 modern fairy tale “Edward Scissorhands,” a tender humanoid remains unfinished when its creator dies, leaving it with scissor-bladed prototypes for hands.
In David Cronenberg’s 1986 body horror, “The Fly,” a scientist deteriorates slowly into a grotesque insectlike monster after his experiment goes wrong.
In the 1973 blaxploitation “Blackenstein,” a Vietnam veteran who lost his limbs gets new ones surgically attached in a procedure that is sabotaged.
Conversely, in some films, the mad scientist’s experiment results in a thing of beauty: as in “Ex Machina” and Pedro Almodóvar’s 2011 thriller, “The Skin I Live In,” in which an obsessive plastic surgeon keeps a beautiful woman imprisoned in his home.
And in Yorgos Lanthimos’s 2023 sci-fi dramedy, “Poor Things,” a Victorian-era woman is brought back to life after her brain is swapped with that of a fetus.
“I am an unfortunate and deserted creature; I look around, and I have no relation or friend upon earth.”— The creature, Chapter 15
The All-Consuming Isolation
The creature in “Frankenstein” has become practically synonymous with the concept of isolation: a beast so tortured by its own existence, so ghastly it repels any chance of connection, that it’s hopelessly adrift and alone.
What’s easily forgotten in Shelley’s tale is that Victor is also destroyed by profound isolation, though his is a prison of his own making. Unlike most takes on the story, there is no Igor-like sidekick present for the monster’s creation. Victor works in seclusion and protects his horrible secret, making him complicit in the demise of everyone he loves.
The theme of the creator or the creation wallowing in isolation, physically and emotionally, is present across adaptations. In Steven Spielberg’s 2001 adventure, “A.I. Artificial Intelligence,” a family adopts, then abandons a sentient humanoid robot boy programmed to love.
In the 2003 psychological horror “May,” a lonely woman with a lazy eye who was ostracized growing up resolves to make her own friend, literally.
And in the 1995 Japanese animated cyberpunk “Ghost in the Shell,” a first-of-its-kind cyborg with a human soul struggles with its place amid humanity.
“Shall each man find a wife for his bosom, and each beast have his mate, and I be alone?”— The creature, Chapter 20
The Desperate Need for Companionship
In concert with themes of isolation, the creators and creations contend with the idea of companionship in most “Frankenstein”-related tales — whether romantic, familial or societal.
In the novel, Victor’s family and his love interest, Elizabeth, are desperate for him to return from his experiments and rejoin their lives. When the creature demands a romantic partner and Victor reneges, the creature escalates a vengeful rampage.
That subplot is the basis for Whale’s “The Bride of Frankenstein,” which does offer a partner, though there is no happily ever after for either.
Sometimes the monster finds love with a human, as in “Edward Scissorhands” or the 2024 horror romance “Lisa Frankenstein,” in which a woman falls for a reanimated 19th-century corpse.
In plenty of other adaptations, the mission is to restore a companion who once was. In the 1990 black comedy “Frankenhooker,” a science whiz uses the body parts of streetwalkers to bring back his fiancée, also Elizabeth, after she is chewed up by a lawn mower.
In John Hughes’s 1985 comedy, “Weird Science,” a couple of nerdy teenage boys watch Whale’s 1931 classic and decide to create a beautiful woman to elevate their social standing.
While the plot can skew sexual — as with “The Rocky Horror Picture Show,” “Ex Machina” and “Frankenhooker” — it can also skew poignant. In the 1991 sci-fi action blockbuster “Terminator 2: Judgment Day,” a fatherlike bond forms between a troubled teenage boy and the cyborg sent to protect him.
Or the creature may be part of a wholesome, albeit freakish, family, most famously in the hit 1960s shows “The Addams Family,” with Lurch as the family’s block-headed butler, and “The Munsters,” with Herman Munster as a nearly identical replica of Whale’s creature.
In Shelley’s novel, the creature devotes itself to secretly observing the blind man and his family as they bond over music and stories. While sitcom families like the Munsters and the Addamses may seem silly by comparison, it’s a life that Shelley’s creature could only have dreamed of — and in fact did.
-
Austin, TX5 days agoHalf-naked woman was allegedly tortured and chained in Texas backyard for months by five ‘friends’ who didn’t ‘like her anymore’
-
Southwest3 days agoTexas launches effort to install TPUSA in every high school and college
-
Seattle, WA1 week agoESPN scoop adds another intriguing name to Seahawks chatter before NFL trade deadline
-
Hawaii2 days agoMissing Kapolei man found in Waipio, attorney says
-
World6 days agoIsrael’s focus on political drama rather than Palestinian rape victim
-
New Jersey2 days agoPolice investigate car collision, shooting in Orange, New Jersey
-
Southwest7 days agoArmy veteran-turned-MAGA rising star jumps into fiery GOP Senate primary as polls tighten
-
Seattle, WA2 days agoSoundgarden Enlist Jim Carrey and Seattle All-Stars for Rock Hall 2025 Ceremony