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North Korea launders $147.5 million in stolen cryptocurrency, UN experts reveal

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North Korea launders $147.5 million in stolen cryptocurrency, UN experts reveal

North Korea funnelled $147.5 million through the cryptocurrency mixer platform Tornado Cash in March, according to a confidential report by United Nations sanctions monitors reviewed by Reuters.

This illicit activity follows a hack on the HTX cryptocurrency exchange late last year, marking a major case in a broader pattern of North Korean cyber thefts targeting digital currency platforms.

The UN monitors reported to the Security Council sanctions committee that they have been investigating 97 suspected North Korean cyberattacks on cryptocurrency firms from 2017 to 2024, with total stolen funds amounting to approximately $3.6 billion.

The $147.5 million laundered in March was linked directly to the HTX exchange breach, based on data from crypto analytics firm PeckShield and blockchain research firm Elliptic.

In 2024 alone, the monitors have scrutinised 11 cryptocurrency thefts valued at $54.7 million, noting that many of these attacks might have been inadvertently facilitated by small crypto-related companies hiring North Korean IT workers.

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These workers, operating abroad, reportedly generate substantial income for the isolated nation, which continues to face severe international sanctions aimed at curbing its nuclear and missile programs.

North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), has been under UN sanctions since 2006.

Despite these measures, the country has continued to find ways to finance its prohibited activities, including through cybercrime and the use of virtual currency mixers like Tornado Cash.

The US sanctioned Tornado Cash in 2022 for allegedly supporting North Korean money laundering activities.

In 2023, two of its co-founders were charged with facilitating over $1 billion in illicit transactions, including for a North Korean cybercrime group.

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Virtual currency mixers like Tornado Cash function by blending cryptocurrencies from various users, obscuring the origin and ownership of the funds.

This makes them attractive tools for laundering stolen cryptocurrency.

Lawyers for Tornado Cash co-founder Roman Storm, who pleaded not guilty to US charges in September, did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

The UN sanctions monitors faced a setback when their mandate expired at the end of April due to a Russian veto against its renewal.

Despite this, some monitors submitted incomplete work, including the findings on North Korea’s cryptocurrency activities, to the Security Council’s North Korea sanctions committee.

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In addition to cyber theft, the UN monitors have been investigating reports of Russia releasing $9 million of North Korea’s frozen assets and allowing Pyongyang to open an account at a Russian bank in South Ossetia.

This arrangement is reportedly aimed to enhance North Korea’s access to international banking networks.

Furthermore, the monitors observed continued maritime activities suggesting ongoing arms trade between North Korea and Russia.

Ships suspected of carrying weapons have been seen travelling between North Korea’s Rajin port and Russian ports like Vladivostok and Vostochny.

China has also been implicated, with a North Korean vessel reportedly undergoing maintenance at China’s Ningbo port.

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The US and its allies have accused North Korea of supplying weapons to Russia for use in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, a charge both Moscow and Pyongyang deny.

However, both nations have committed to deepening their military cooperation.

In an additional report last month, UN monitors confirmed that debris from a missile that landed in Kharkiv, Ukraine, in January was from a North Korean Hwasong-11 series ballistic missile.

This highlights North Korea’s ongoing missile development and potential involvement in global conflicts.

North Korea’s evasion of UN sanctions continues to be a significant issue.

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The monitors documented 208 voyages by North Korean cargo ships suspected of offloading coal in Chinese waters, often through ship-to-ship transfers.

Chinese Coast Guard vessels were observed in proximity to these transfers, raising questions about enforcement and compliance with international sanctions.

The Chinese mission to the UN did not immediately respond to requests for comment on these findings.

(With inputs from Reuters)

Shashwat Sankranti

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Breaking and writing stories for WION’s business desk. A literature nerd, closeted poet and a novelist (in the making). 


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What Is Celestia (TIA) Cryptocurrency?

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What Is Celestia (TIA) Cryptocurrency?

The native token of the Celestia blockchain, TIA has a market capitalisation of over $US1.3 billion. That places it in the top 100 coins globally, but the token’s value seems to be trending downwards.

TIA started the year at around $US12, reached an all-time high of over $US20 in February, and at the time of writing was worth $US6.90. Of course that’s still up over 200% on its initial listing price of $US2.08 around 240 days prior.

Celestia is a Layer 1 blockchain, designed to be ‘modular’ in nature with the goal of making it easy for developers to launch their own blockchain. Development time is primarily reduced by enabling developers to combine existing rollup (aka Layer 2 scaling solution) technology options to create their own customised stack. Celestia lets you can build an independent blockchain where:

  • The ‘execution’ layer of the blockchain—where smart contracts and transactions happen—can be separate from the consensus mechanism.
  • The blockchain’s consensus mechanisms and data availability functions leverage Celestia infrastructure, including its network validators.

The Celestia project was initiated in 2019 by co-founders Mustafa Al-Bassam and Ismail Khoffi and attracted considerable venture capital investment including a $US1.5 million seed round in 2021 and $US55 million raised in 2022. Celestia is built on the Cosmos SDK framework.

What Is the TIA Token?

One billion TIA tokens were created, with 20% for public allocation. Its current circulating supply is around 193 million. More tokens owed to initial investors will be gradually unlocked over coming years—which can be freely traded—with the first unlock event in October this year.

The TIA token’s role in the Celestia blockchain is three-fold:

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  1. Developers use TIA to pay gas fees on transactions and to publish data to what’s known as a ‘blobspace’ on the network’s data availability layer.
  2. Network validators and delegators stake TIA to support network consensus activities—verifying and securing transactions across a decentralised network of computers—as Celestia is a proof-of-stake blockchain. Validators and delegators also earn staking rewards in the form of TIA.
  3. TIA holders get some governance powers, being able to propose and vote on proposals to change a subset of network parameters.

Celestia’s TIA token is not to be confused with the token of the Tiamonds project, which also trades under the TIA symbol. The alternate TIA is a token distributed to owners of tokenised diamonds sold via the Tiamonds platform—which touts itself as the world’s largest tokenised diamond marketplace.

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Usiacurí Pioneers Cryptocurrency Integration in Colombia with the Crypto District Initiative

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Usiacurí Pioneers Cryptocurrency Integration in Colombia with the Crypto District Initiative
  • Usiacurí becomes Colombia’s first municipality to integrate cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Tether, and Tron into its economy.
  • The “Crypto District” initiative is a partnership between Usiacurí’s municipality, Certika, Universidad de la Costa, and Corporación CienTech.

Usiacurí, a quaint coastal town in Colombia, has taken a pioneering step by becoming the country’s first municipality to legally incorporate cryptocurrencies into its local economy. Launched on June 21, this innovative move is part of the “Crypto District” project, a collaborative effort between the Usiacurí municipality, Certika, Universidad de la Costa, and Corporación CienTech.

usiacuri-pioneers-cryptocurrency-integration-in-colombia-with-the-crypto-district-initiative
The CienTech Corporation participated in the launch of the Crypto District project in Usiacurí Atlántico, an initiative developed in alliance with Certika, the Universidad de la Costa (CUC) and the Mayor’s Office of Usiacurí that will allow the population of Usiacurí to connect to large global capitals through through Blockchain, the technology behind cryptocurrencies.

This initiative allows the use of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Tether, and Tron for both tourists and local residents to conduct transactions. The integration of digital currencies into Usiacurí’s economy is aimed at addressing the needs of foreign tourists and adapting to the demands of an increasingly globalized and digital world.

As we have written in Crypto News Flash, it positions Usiacurí at the forefront of financial technology by enabling artisans and local businesses to transact using blockchain technology, thus providing a fast and secure payment method.

Beyond facilitating e-commerce, the project is designed to boost the local economy by enabling artisans and small businesses to seamlessly sell their goods and services using blockchain technology. This move is expected to transform how commercial transactions are conducted in Usiacurí, enhancing efficiency and security for both buyers and sellers.

The inspiration for the “Crypto District” came from Bitcoin’s adoption in El Salvador, which you can read more about in our coverage in Crypto News Flash,  which was closely studied by Tito Crissien, the executive director of CienTech and an advisor at Universidad de la Costa. The university has been instrumental in the project, providing research and academic support through its studies on blockchain and its applications.

Crissien commented:

“The participation of the Universidad de la Costa was fundamental throughout the entire process, since through its teachers and researchers they have been strengthening the line of research into blockchain and its applications, such as this tool that “It allowed us to turn Usiacurí into the first municipality with a cryptocurrency district, generating more sales in its tourism and hotel sector.”

Usiacurí’s mayor, Julio Mario Calderón, expressed his enthusiasm about the initiative, highlighting its potential to attract visitors and establish the municipality as a key destination for cryptocurrency enthusiasts. According to reports, over 60 local artisans, three hotels, two tourist guide agencies, and seven restaurants are already participating in the project.

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At the project’s launch, local artisans were equipped with cryptocurrency wallets and trained to conduct their first transactions. This initiative not only enhances Usiacurí’s tourism and hospitality sectors but also positions it as an innovative model for integrating crypto technology into municipal management and local commerce.

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COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75%

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COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75%
Credit: CC0 Public Domain

Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic saw an exponential rise in cryptocurrency investments which was partially driven by the stress of social isolation, QUT researchers have found.

The study’s results have major implications for financial advisors, marketers and policymakers on how to curb excessive risk-taking among isolated individuals.

The article, “Social isolation and risk-taking behavior: The case of COVID-19 and cryptocurrency,” was published in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.

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Dr. Thusyanthy Lavan and Professor Brett Martin, from the QUT School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, with overseas colleagues, studied the consumer interest in cryptocurrency during the pandemic.

Dr. Lavan said the team looked at the impact of the pandemic’s prolonged enforced social isolation coupled with economic instability that drove risk-taking behavior, particularly in cryptocurrency investment.

“At the beginning of the pandemic, in January 2020, market capitalization of these online currencies was about $191 billion but had surged to $769 billion by December 2020,” Dr. Lavan said.

“This shift is underscored by the significant increase in the Bitcoin price, up 700% from March 2020 to March 2021.

“The attraction of these high-risk investments could be linked to their perceived potential for high returns during times of economic instability and market volatility.

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“A further factor might be people’s tendency to try to reinstate some control in their lives and gravitate toward more autonomous and seemingly empowering activities, such as trading in cryptocurrencies.

“With this in mind, our aim was to look for the broader psychological responses to social isolation that catalyzed these changes in consumer decision-making, particularly in adopting new, and potentially riskier behaviors.

“Previous research has established the direct effects of social isolation on risk-taking behavior in non-purchase situations such as sharing of personal information on social media, but this is one of the first studies to examine risky purchase behavior.”

Professor Martin said they conducted a survey in December 2022 during a lockdown period in Australia of 216 participants screened for awareness of and familiarity with cryptocurrency but who were not current investors.

“By focusing on potential future investors, we aimed to capture unbiased perceptions and insights into cryptocurrency investment decisions,” Professor Martin said.

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“Our survey sought to identify how three psychological constructs—perceived stress, sense of control and neuroticism—might underlie the relationship between social isolation and risk-taking behavior.

“Perceived stress is a personal interpretation of stress regarding a situation in a person’s life they consider to be beyond their adaptive capacities, while sense of control reflects a person’s belief in their ability to influence events and outcomes in their life.

“Neuroticism is a tendency to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and impulsiveness.

“Our analysis of the results showed that perceived stress, rather than a sense of control or neuroticism, plays a key role in driving risk-taking behaviors during periods of social isolation.

Professor Martin said the researchers were not criticizing cryptocurrency.

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“To be clear, my recently published research has shown how the process of cryptocurrency investing can have a positive effect on peoples’ lives.

“In this project, we looked at the effect of lockdowns and isolation-induced risk-taking. This research can provide insights on developing better support strategies for vulnerable populations.”

The research team comprised Dr. Lavan, Professor Martin, and Professor Weng Marc Lim and Professor Linda Hollebeek from Sunway University, Malayasia.

More information:
Thusyanthy Lavan et al, Social isolation and risk-taking behavior: The case of COVID-19 and cryptocurrency, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103951

Provided by
Queensland University of Technology

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Citation:
COVID-induced social isolation drove cryptocurrency investment up 75% (2024, June 25)
retrieved 25 June 2024
from https://phys.org/news/2024-06-covid-social-isolation-drove-cryptocurrency.html

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