Technology
Tiny autonomous robots can now swim on their own
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For decades, microscopic robots lived mostly in our imagination. Movies like “Fantastic Voyage” convinced us that tiny machines would one day cruise through the human body, fixing problems from the inside. In reality, that future stayed frustratingly out of reach.
The reason was not a lack of ambition. It was physics.
Now, a breakthrough from researchers at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Michigan has changed the equation. The teams have built the smallest fully programmable autonomous robots ever created, and they can swim.
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A new way to swim without moving parts
Seen on a fingertip, this tiny swimming robot is smaller than a grain of salt yet fully autonomous. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
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The robots measure about 200 by 300 by 50 micrometers. That is smaller than a grain of salt and close to the size of a single-celled organism. They do not have legs or propellers. Instead, they use electrokinetics. Each robot generates a small electrical field that pulls charged ions in the surrounding fluid. Those ions drag water molecules with them, effectively creating a flowing river around the robot. The result is motion without moving parts. That makes the robots extremely durable and surprisingly easy to handle, even with delicate lab tools.
A brain powered by almost nothing
Each robot runs on tiny solar cells that generate just 75 nanowatts of power. That is more than 100,000 times less than a smartwatch. To make this work, engineers redesigned everything. They built ultra-low voltage circuits and created a custom instruction set that compresses complex behavior into just a few hundred bits of memory. Despite the limits, each robot can sense its environment, store data and decide how to move next.
How these robots communicate with a dance
The robots cannot carry antennas, so the team borrowed a trick from nature. Each robot performs a tiny wiggle pattern to report information like temperature. The motion follows a precise encoding scheme that researchers can decode by watching through a microscope. The idea closely mirrors how bees communicate through movement. Programming works the other way. Researchers flash light signals that the robots read as instructions. A built-in passcode prevents random light from interfering with their memory.
What these tiny robots can do today
In current tests, the robots demonstrate thermotaxis. They sense heat and autonomously swim toward warmer areas. That behavior hints at future uses like tracking inflammation, locating disease markers or delivering drugs with extreme precision. Light can already power robots near the skin. For deeper environments, the researchers are exploring ultrasound as a future energy source.
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Tiny robots move by creating electric fields that pull surrounding fluid, allowing them to swim without propellers or moving parts. (iStock)
Cheap enough to use by the thousands
Because these robots are made with standard semiconductor manufacturing, they can be produced in large numbers. More than 100 robots fit on a single chip, and manufacturing yields already exceed 50%. In mass production, the estimated cost could drop below one cent per robot. At that price, disposable robot swarms become realistic rather than theoretical.
What this means to you
This technology is not about flashy gadgets. It is about scale. Robots this small could one day monitor health at the cellular level, build materials from the bottom up or explore environments too delicate for larger machines. While medical use is still years away, this breakthrough shows that true autonomy at the microscale is finally possible.
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Kurt’s key takeaways
For nearly 50 years, microscopic robots felt like a promise science could never quite keep. This research, published in Science Robotics, changes that narrative. By embracing the strange physics of the microscale instead of fighting it, engineers unlocked an entirely new class of machines. This is only the first chapter, but it is a big one. Once sensing, movement and decision-making fit into something almost invisible, the future of robotics looks very different.
If tiny robots could swim through your body one day, would you trust them to monitor your health or deliver treatment? Let us know by writing to us at Cyberguy.com.
Light-based commands trigger precise movements as microscopic robots receive instructions, change direction and move independently. (iStock)
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Technology
The Switch is now Nintendo’s best-selling console of all time
The original Switch is officially Nintendo’s best-selling console of all time after surpassing the DS handheld in lifetime sales. In its latest earnings release, Nintendo reports that the Nintendo Switch has, as of December 31, 2025, sold 155.37 million units since its launch in 2017, compared to 154.02 million units for the 2004 Nintendo DS.
In November, Nintendo reported that the Switch and DS were neck and neck. We expected the holiday sales period would see the Switch surpass the DS, even with Nintendo announcing that primary development would focus on the Switch 2. Nintendo previously said that it would continue to sell the original Switch “while taking consumer demand and the business environment into consideration.”
Nintendo has to keep selling the Switch if it wants to dethrone Sony’s PlayStation 2 as the best-selling video game console of all time. The PlayStation 2, discontinued in January 2013, sold more than 160 million units over its 13-year lifespan.
Demand for the Switch 2 accelerated over the holidays, with Nintendo reporting 7.01 million units sold during the quarter covering October through December, compared to 4.54 million units in the previous quarter. In total, the Switch 2 has now sold 17.37 million units since it launched in June 2025, taking less than a year to surpass the Wii U’s 13.7 million lifetime sales.
The Switch 2 launch has helped Nintendo to drive a 51 percent increase in net profit over the first nine months of FY26, reaching ¥358.86 billion (about $2.31 billion). Net sales almost doubled during the same period, jumping to ¥1.906 trillion (about $12.2 billion) compared to ¥956.2 billion ($6.1 billion) last year. Looking ahead, Nintendo maintains its forecast to sell 19 million Switch 2 units by the end of this financial year.
Technology
Artificial Intelligence helps fuel new energy sources
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Artificial Intelligence and data centers have been blamed for rising electricity costs across the U.S. In December 2025, American consumers paid 42% more to power their homes than ten years ago.
“When you have increased demand and inadequate supply, costs are going to go up. And that’s what we’re experiencing right now,” Exelon CEO Calvin Butler said.
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In 2024, U.S. data centers used more than 4% of total U.S. electricity consumption according to the International Energy Agency. That equates to as much electricity as the entire nation of Pakistan uses annually. U.S. Data Center consumption is expected to grow by 133% by the end of the decade, using as much power as the entire country of France.
“We’re headquartered in Chicago, and we’re the owner of ComEd, the fourth-largest utility in the nation. ComEd’s peak load is roughly 23 gigawatts. We have had data center load come onto the system, but by 2030, we’ll be at 19 Gigawatts,” Butler said.
Artifical intelligence data centers in the U.S. used more than 4% of the total U.S. electricity consumption, according to the International Energy Agency. (Exelon)
Commonwealth Edison has experienced a dramatic increase in data center connection requests. The potential projects total more than 30 gigawatts and are expected to come online between now an 2045.
“Our growth is unprecedented in the last several decades. So, with the data center advent and the technology coming, we’ve been forced to serve that load, which is our responsibility,” Butler said. “But what we also have to do is build new generation supply, which is not keeping up with the load that is coming on. And that’s the crunch that we’re in right now.”
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Commonwealth Edison is asking regulators for a $15.3 billion 4-year grid update to meet the growing demand. The U.S. overall has increased its grid capacity by more than 15% over the last decade, but many utility companies and energy producers say it is not enough.
“We’re at a stage right now where we’re constrained by electricity,” Commonwealth Fusion Systems CEO Bob Mumgaard said. “You want to make power plants that can make a lot of power in a small package that you can put anywhere, that you could run at any time and fusion fits that bill.”
Zanskar, is the first AI-native geothermal energy company, according to their website. This plant is located in New Mexico. (Zanskar)
Commonwealth Fusion Systems is working to add a new form of nuclear energy to the grid — fusion. It has the same reliable benefits of standard nuclear energy already in use, but does not produce long-lived radioactive waste and carries fewer risks.
“In fusion there’s no chain reaction. The result is helium which is safe and inert and you don’t use it to make anything related to weapons,” Mumgaard said.
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Commonwealth Fusion Systems says Artificial Intelligence is helping bring fusion energy closer to being a new resource.
“Building and designing these complex machines and manipulating this complex data matter of plasma are all things that we’re still learning and we’re still figuring out how to do,” Mumgaard said. “And that’s an area where we’ve been able to accelerate using A.I.”
Other under-utilized energy sources could soon get a big boost thanks to A.I. Geothermal energy is a small part of the electric grid, because of the high drilling costs and low confidence in where to place infrastructure.
Geothermal and nuclear fusion technology will allow energy to be produced in any weather at any time. (AP)
“If you could drill the perfect geothermal well every single time, like you pick the right spot, you design the right well, you drill the 5,000, 8,000 feet, you hit 400F degree temperatures, that’s incredibly productive,” Zanskar Co-founder Joel Edwards said. “If you could do that every single time over and over and again, geothermal power is the cheapest source of power period.”
Zanskar is working to make the geothermal search more exact. The company uses A.I.-fueled mapping to find untapped resources previously thought non-existent.
“If we could just get more precise in where we go to find the things and then how we drill into the things, geothermal absolutely has the cost curve to come down,” Edwards said. “And that’s sort of what we’re running towards, with A.I. sort of giving us the boost, giving us an edge to do that.”
Both geothermal and nuclear fusion can produce energy in any weather at any time, a component that could have helped ease the grid strain amid the recent winter storm.
“It’s critical, and we’ve been raising that alarm for years now, and I use the analogy that you’re driving a car and your check engine light is on, but you keep driving it, hoping that you’ll keep getting there and keep going, but when it breaks down, you’re going to have a significantly higher cost,” Butler said. “We have to pay attention to what’s going on, and this winter storm – Winter Storm Fern – is indicative of what’s coming.”
Technology
Waymo raises $16 billion to take its robotaxi business ‘global’
Waymo announced a $16 billion investment round aimed at bringing its robotaxi business to more US cities, as well as some overseas markets. The funding round was led by Dragoneer Investment Group, a “crossover” firm known for investing in late-stage tech companies before they go public.
Waymo’s co-CEOs said in a blog post they would use some of the money to buy more vehicles to grow its fleets size, a crucial step as it seeks to launch in at least 20 new cities in 2026. The company currently operates more than 2,500 robotaxis in six US cities. The new funding values Waymo at $126 billion.
Waymo’s latest funding round attracted several new investors, including Dragoneer, Sequoia Capital, and DST Global. Returning investors include Andreessen Horowitz, Abu Dhabi sovereign fund Mubadala, Fidelity Management and Research Company, Perry Creek Capital, Silver Lake, Tiger Global, Temasek, and T. Rowe Price. The company last raised a $5.6 billion in 2024, valuing the company at $45 billion.
Despite their promise to bring down costs by eliminating driver jobs, autonomous ridehail vehicles are enormously expensive. In addition to vehicle purchases, companies must install expensive sensors and computers into each vehicle. The robotaxis need to be monitored by remote operators during trips. And fleet managers handle EV charging, cleaning, and sensor calibration while the robotaxis are offline.
Still, Waymo is one of the few companies to run a paid service with fully driverless vehicles in the US. Amazon’s Zoox is still running free trips in a handful of cities, while Tesla has yet to transition away from using safety monitors in the vehicle.
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