Fitness
How to Do Sit-Ups Safely and Alternatives to Try, According to Experts
When most people think of a strong core or achieving abs, the first exercise that comes to mind is often sit-ups. While sit-ups have long been a go-to for strengthening the core, they’re not always the most effective or safest option for everyone. Proper form and technique are key to maximizing the benefits of sit-ups while avoiding strain on the back and neck.
To provide a well-rounded perspective on how to do sit-ups, we spoke with three experts who shared their insights on the benefits and potential risks of sit-ups, as well as alternative exercises that can help build a strong core without the same level of stress on the body. Their advice offers a balanced view of how to approach core training, ensuring safety, effectiveness, and overall fitness progress. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned athlete, understanding how to incorporate sit-ups — or how to replace them with other movements — can help you reach your fitness goals more efficiently and safely.
Many expectant mothers, especially, wonder if sit-ups are safe during pregnancy and whether they should incorporate them into their fitness routines. To provide expert guidance, we spoke with a specialist who will weigh in on the safety and recommendations for core exercises during pregnancy.
Experts Featured in This Article:
Leia Rispoli, MD, is a double board-certified interventional pain management specialist and physiatrist at DISC Sports & Spine Center.
Anna Larson, PT, DPT, is a doctor of physical therapy at Fusion Wellness and Femina Physical Therapy in Los Angeles, CA.
Meleen Chuang, MD, is a clinical associate professor for the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Langone Hospital Brooklyn, and medical director of Women’s Health, Family Health Centers at NYU Langone (FHC).
Todd Sinett, DC, is the CEO of Tru Whole Care and founder of Backbridge, a back pain device. Dr. Sinett has published four books on treating back pain, available on Amazon.
Sit-Ups: Muscles Worked and Benefits
Most people might assume crunches and sit-ups are the same exact exercise. However, there are a few key differences to note for each movement, particularly when it comes to the muscles involved. “While the terms ‘crunches’ and ‘sit-ups’ are sometimes used interchangeably, sit-ups are usually hinged from the waist, and crunches can be more of a curling of a spine, but it really depends on who you talk to and how people use these terms,” Leia Rispoli, MD, says. “Classically, a crunch is more of a curled movement from a flat position where your elbows meet your knees vs. a sit-up, which is a hinge from the waist with a persistent stable and flat spine.”
When it comes to performing sit-up exercises, the main muscles used are the rectus abdominis, obliques, transverse abdominis, and hip flexors. “The specific muscles that are worked and utilized involve your core muscles (mostly your anterior core muscles), so all your abdominal muscles, and hip flexor muscles,” Dr. Rispoli says.
A sit-up exercise “involves your abdominals and hip flexors as well because it combines spinal flexion and hip flexion,” Anna Larson, PT, DPT, says. “While crunches involve mostly your abdominal muscles, because the motion is achieved only with spinal flexion.”
There are benefits of sit-ups that relate to movements in everyday life. “A lot of core muscle strength and stability helps protect and preserve the spine,” Dr. Rispoli says. “In general, this helps establish a persistent habit of good posture, which ultimately puts the spine in a protective mode against years of degeneration.”
“Our abdominal muscles form a large part of our core, which give us stability, balance, and improved posture,” Dr. Larson adds. “Strengthening your abdominal muscles also will increase your pelvic floor strength. Improved pelvic floor strength will help to decrease the risk of urinary incontinence and prolapse.”
How to Do Sit-Ups Safely
- Start by lying on the floor, with your back against the ground, knees bent and feet flat on the floor.
- Place both arms crossed at the front of the chest.
- Bring your upper body and torso up towards your knees.
- Slowly lower yourself back down to the floor, with control.
Some might want to start out with both hands behind your neck, but for safety, try to keep the arms crossed at the chest first, especially if you’re a beginner. “You want to keep your lumbar spine and your neck and your head all in one plane,” Dr. Rispoli advises. “You don’t want to put any extra flexion or strain on the neck, and you don’t want to use your arms that are positioned behind your head to hinge your neck in a flexion position and pull from there.” She adds: “If the initial engagement of the muscles is too difficult to get off of the floor immediately for those first few degrees, then you should use some sort of propped mat to help eliminate those first few degrees of difficulty.”
Note for beginners: “When starting out with this exercise, it is helpful to have someone stabilize your feet or place your feet under something sturdy such as a couch,” according to Dr. Larson. “Placing a small ball or a couple of pillows behind the back can help to engage the deeper abdominal muscles and help increase your strength gradually over time.”
“The best starting position is with a pillow behind the back or small ball, as this will help encourage spinal flexion, and the engagement of the abdominals instead of overrecruiting the hip flexors. This also decreases the load to the neck as the angle takes some of the strain from the neck muscles and focuses more on the abdominals,” Dr. Larson adds.
Sit-Up Alternatives
Todd Sinett, DC, believes you can do much more than sit-ups to help your core. “I wrote a book entitled ‘Sit-Ups Are Stupid and Crunches Are Crap,’ which provides an outline of exercises and stretches that help to strengthen our core,” he says. “To name a few I love: dead bugs, bird dog, leg raises, planks. You want to focus on exercises that elongate the body and spine.”
Dead bugs: “Anything laying on your back while alternating moving your legs or arms, such as a dead bug, is a great way to build deep core strength,” Dr. Larson says.
Bird dogs: “Another way to challenge core stability is on hands and knees alternating reaching your opposite arm and leg, also called a bird dog.” Dr. Larson adds.
Leg raises or planks: For pre- or post-natal women, “pelvic tilts, modified planks, leg raises, side-lying exercises can help strengthen core while also ensuring safety during pregnancy. Light aerobic exercises, weightlifting, moderate brisk walking, and cycling on a stationary bike are good options,” Meleen Chuang, MD, says.
Pelvic tilts: “An alternative exercise can be something like a pelvic tilt, where you’re in a sit-up position, but instead of raising your upper trunk, you’re just flattening your back to the floor and contracting and engaging your core and abdominal muscles,” Dr. Rispoli, MD, says.
Jade Esmeralda (she/her), MS, CSCS, is a health and fitness staff writer and a strength and conditioning specialist. A lifelong martial artist and dancer, Jade has a strong passion for strength and conditioning, sports science, and human performance. She graduated with a Master of Science degree in exercise science and strength and conditioning from George Washington University.
Fitness
The exercise more important than walking – especially if you’re older
Walking is brilliant. It’s accessible, affordable and enjoyable, plus it comes with many health benefits, which is why it forms the backbone of most government exercise guidance.
But it is strength that underpins all movement. If you don’t have the strength to get out of your chair and put one foot in front of the other, what good is being told to walk more?
This was the key takeaway from recent research led by Dr Michael LaMonte and his team at the University at Buffalo, which shows the immense value of building skeletal muscle with strength training. It found that, in more than 5,000 women aged 63 to 99, greater strength levels were strongly linked to a lower risk of death from any cause.
Maintaining muscle should be seen as a savvy investment. Muscle allows you to stand, move and remain independent, all while offering further perks that extend far beyond physical function. It powers our breath, regulates blood sugar levels, emits anti-inflammatory myokines and constantly chats with other bodily systems to keep things running smoothly. In short, muscle is the medical marvel you already own.
Here is how to maintain your body’s largest, and in some ways smartest, organ for decades to come.
Why strength training matters
There is a wealth of research on the merits of aerobic exercise, such as walking, running, swimming and cycling. This is a major reason why it dominates government physical activity guidelines. There is far less research into strength training, and much of the data available centres around young, fit men.
By looking at the impacts of strength training in previously understudied demographics, such as women aged 60 and above, studies like this one from the University at Buffalo could change future exercise recommendations for the better.
“When women go through menopause and lose their body’s own secretion of oestrogen, the loss of skeletal muscle mass increases rapidly,” says Dr LaMonte. “We typically see a change in their body composition, where they start losing muscle and holding fat in the belly area, particularly. That’s not healthy.”
Both men and women also tend to become less active as they grow older, which can contribute to sarcopenia – the age-related loss of strength and muscle. Both menopause and sarcopenia are inflammatory processes, Dr LaMonte says.
Read more: Sitting all day wreaks havoc on your hips and spine – here’s how to stop that from happening
This shift impacts fitness. “Muscle strength is fundamental for getting the body from point A to point B, especially when you’re working against gravity.” But it also throws off chemical signalling between skeletal muscle and other systems in the body, such as the heart.
“Fat tissue tends to secrete chemicals called cytokines that are pro-inflammatory,” Dr LaMonte explains. “There’s quite a bit of evidence to show that, when skeletal muscle contracts, it secretes counterbalancing cytokines that are anti-inflammatory.
“This was discovered by a scientist named Bente Pedersen in the 2000s. She published a compelling series of papers showing that these cytokines, which she called myokines, had regulatory functions outside the muscle itself.”
Exactly how skeletal muscle interacts with other crucial systems in our body is unclear, Dr LaMonte says. But it is constantly in deep discussions with them, and it is looking to help out where it can. For this reason, if you can keep your muscles strong and healthy, they can be a powerful force for good.
Read more: Expert warns why this daily habit is shortening your life – even if you exercise
3 simple ways to gauge your strength
Dr LaMonte’s research used a series of simple tests to assess the strength levels of 5,472 women aged 63 and above:
- Grip strength: a dynamometer was used to assess grip strength, with people asked to hold their upper arm at their side, elbow bent at a right angle, then squeeze the machine as hard as possible. This is an indication of upper-body strength.
- Sit-to-stand: people were timed to see how quickly they could stand up from a chair, then sit back down again five times with their arms across their chest. This is an indication of lower body strength.
- Gait speed: a timer was used to see how long it took subjects to walk 2.5m.
Women with greater grip strength – a good signifier of overall strength levels – and faster sit-to-stand times had a “significantly lower death risk over an eight-year follow-up”, the study discovered.
“Gait speed is another one of the most potent predictors of mortality,” Dr LaMonte adds.
“I’d like to see the health care profession embrace functional health as much as they do the things they can prescribe drugs for – because you can’t prescribe a drug for this. It’s a behaviour, and I think that’s why it probably doesn’t get the same kind of attention. Nobody makes money from this, but people do die from it.”
Dr LaMonte also suggests another bonus test anyone can use as a sign they need to work on their strength levels:
- The pickle jar test – this is a proxy for any everyday task. If you notice it starts to feel more difficult, this is a good indication that your fitness has decreased, and it would be beneficial to gain strength and muscle through exercise.
“When you can’t open the pickle jar any more, don’t just assume they’re making the jars harder to open,” Dr LaMonte says. “That’s a good indicator that you might be at a phase of life where your strength levels have changed unknowingly.
“The same applies when you go to pick up a grandchild or climb the stairs, and you find you’re huffing and puffing – it could simply be that you’re getting more out of shape, or in the worst case scenario, it could be indicative of disease.
“Be mindful of your body. It’s going to tell you where you’re at, and we don’t want an injury to be that indicator.”
Read more: Four things you can do to reduce inflammation and cut heart disease risk, according to the experts
How to start strength training at any age
The human body is a representation of the life it has lived, informed by genetics and altered by myriad interventions along the way. A robust life, filled with challenging physical tasks, often builds a robust body. As a result, someone who has always been active will likely find it easier to remain more active as they age.
“I wouldn’t want to convey a message that age becomes a constraint for people doing what they enjoy,” says Dr LaMonte. “I know people in their late, late years who still enjoy going to gyms and lifting weights. It’s effective for their strength goals, and the social aspect keeps them healthy in other ways.”
However, if you are new to strength training and exercise generally, you need to start more conservatively. As with any new skill, there is an obligatory learning curve that allows your mind and body to adapt to the fresh stimulus without being overwhelmed.
“You can use simple bodyweight exercises like press-ups against a wall or sit-to-stands – US adults in their 70s and 80s spend around nine-and-a-half hours each day sitting down, so you could break this up by doing a few sit-to-stands every hour, or each time there is an advert if you are watching television,” Dr LaMonte says.
“Resistance bands are another good option, or even using soup cans or books as a form of resistance provides stimulus to skeletal muscles.”
The common denominator behind these exercises is the act of overcoming resistance. That resistance needs to be slightly challenging, relative to your individual strength levels, to trigger an increase in muscle and strength levels. By consistently doing a task that requires you to be stronger, you are telling your body you want it to adapt to handle it better. If the task feels easy, the body has no reason to make any changes.
“If someone finds that lifting a soup can or book [for example, pressing it overhead 10 times] challenges them, that’s probably the level they should be working at, and they should not be trying to do more,” says Dr LaMonte. As you grow stronger, you can then gradually progress to slightly heavier items to continue to increase your strength levels.
“Older adults in particular should consult with their health care provider about the safety of beginning muscle-strengthening exercises,” Dr LaMonte adds.
In short, building and maintaining strength is important at any age. And if you do fall below this study’s 63-99 demographic, any strength and muscle you can develop now will likely serve you well for the rest of your life.
“We want to live as long as we can healthily, and I think resistance exercises are a part of that,” Dr LaMonte concludes. “When we can no longer get out of the chair and move around, we are in trouble.”
Read more: After 50, you need to train smarter – the eight rules for strength training in midlife, according to experts
Read more: The science-backed two-minute daily workouts for improving heart health
Fitness
How much exercise is enough? A local doctor says you only need 15 minutes a day – WTOP News
Exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle and its benefits are well known and have been for a long time. What is only recently proven by doctors is just how much exercise makes a difference for one’s longevity.
By now, most people understand that exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle; its benefits are well known and have been for a long time. What is only recently proven by doctors is just how much exercise makes a difference for one’s longevity.
For most people who sit at desks or behind the wheel all day, the problem is often finding time to work out. The good news, according to Dr. Julie Chen, an internal medicine and lifestyle medicine doctor at Kaiser Permanente in Gaithersburg, is that a daily exercise routine can be broken down into brief segments.
“The general recommendation is for 150 minutes of moderate activity per week,” Dr. Chen said. “So that is roughly about 30 minutes a day, five days a week. But the important point is it does not have to all be done at once. You can break it up into shorter segments of exercise and still get the same great benefits.”
And those benefits can be tremendous. Chen said that studies have shown going from no exercise a day to only 15 minutes of total exercise a day can “can actually decrease their risk of death, death from all causes, by about 14%.”
“Any movement is actually better than being sedentary,” she said.
Movement can be divided up into short segments throughout the day instead of in one long, strenuous workout and it can still offer the same reductions in the risk of certain diseases.
Now, you might understand there are benefits of exercising for short periods of time, several times per day; but you might be wondering how you can get in the gym several times a day.
Chen advocates for what she calls “exercise snacks” — “small bursts of physical activity that you can get in, two to three minutes at a time throughout the day.”
For example, taking the stairs or doing squats while putting groceries away, walking around the office on a phone call or planking while your dinner is in the microwave. Chen said try to do whatever it takes to get a few minutes of movement in a few times a day.
Chen is also a big fan of fitness apps, including the ones that come built into our smartphones and watches: “Studies have shown that that is really motivating that you can actually track your progress in your app. You can see your trends.”
“Consistency is a really big goal of this effort, and so if you look at your trends over time, that’s going to be a really rewarding aspect of trying to improve your health,” she added.
Beginning an exercise regimen doesn’t need to be complicated or time-consuming. You don’t need to splurge on workout clothes or a gym membership; you just need a few minutes, several times a day, to start reaping the benefits.
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Fitness
Adults hop on viral ‘rebounding’ trend to make exercise fun again — ‘I feel like a kid’
Forget boring home workouts, on-demand HITT classes and cold winter runs.
The latest wellness trend bouncing around TikTok involves a workout you might not even realize you’re doing, and that’s the point. It’s called rebounding. This low-impact exercise involves jumping on a mini fitness trampoline — called a rebounder — to get your heart pumping and support lymphatic drainage.
On Amazon, this best-selling model is currently on sale for just $129. It measures in at just 40 inches, making it ideal for small spaces while still offering room for an adult to jump, squat and jog in place. Users swear it gives them a seriously effective full-body workout, and many remark that it’s “so much fun” to use.
Clinical trials also back the benefits: a 12-week rebounding program for overweight women showed significant improvements in body composition as well as a decrease in diastolic blood pressure.
Ready to jump on the rebounding trend, too? You’d better hop on this Amazon deal fast.
This sleek rebounder by BCAN is sturdy and easy to set up, thanks to pre-assembled bungees and simpel video tutorial.
Reviewers say it’s completely changed their workouts, with one remarking they “feel like a little kid again.” Others have also noted it’s much easier on their joints than higher-impact exercises.
“It absorbs impact well and allows for a nice, smooth rebound that is gentle on the joints, making it perfect for a low-impact cardio workout,” one person explained. “Whether I’m doing high-intensity intervals or simply bouncing for fun, the movement feels fluid and responsive.
The BCAN model features an upgraded handlebar for added stability. It’s 8mm premium bungee — with a durable woven outer layer and a 350-strand natural latex core — delivers smooth, quiet bounces, so you can enjoy your workout without disturbing others.
This article was written by Miska Salemann, New York Post Commerce Writer/Reporter. As a health-forward member of Gen Z, Miska seeks out experts to weigh in on the benefits, safety and designs of both trending and tried-and-true fitness equipment, workout clothing, dietary supplements and more. Taking matters into her own hands, Miska intrepidly tests wellness products, ranging from Bryan Johnson’s Blueprint Longevity Mix to the viral Oura Ring to Jennifer Aniston’s favorite workout platform – often with her adorable toddler by her side. Before joining The Post, Miska covered lifestyle and consumer topics for the U.S. Sun and The Cannon Beach Gazette.
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