Fitness
How to Do Sit-Ups Safely and Alternatives to Try, According to Experts
When most people think of a strong core or achieving abs, the first exercise that comes to mind is often sit-ups. While sit-ups have long been a go-to for strengthening the core, they’re not always the most effective or safest option for everyone. Proper form and technique are key to maximizing the benefits of sit-ups while avoiding strain on the back and neck.
To provide a well-rounded perspective on how to do sit-ups, we spoke with three experts who shared their insights on the benefits and potential risks of sit-ups, as well as alternative exercises that can help build a strong core without the same level of stress on the body. Their advice offers a balanced view of how to approach core training, ensuring safety, effectiveness, and overall fitness progress. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned athlete, understanding how to incorporate sit-ups — or how to replace them with other movements — can help you reach your fitness goals more efficiently and safely.
Many expectant mothers, especially, wonder if sit-ups are safe during pregnancy and whether they should incorporate them into their fitness routines. To provide expert guidance, we spoke with a specialist who will weigh in on the safety and recommendations for core exercises during pregnancy.
Experts Featured in This Article:
Leia Rispoli, MD, is a double board-certified interventional pain management specialist and physiatrist at DISC Sports & Spine Center.
Anna Larson, PT, DPT, is a doctor of physical therapy at Fusion Wellness and Femina Physical Therapy in Los Angeles, CA.
Meleen Chuang, MD, is a clinical associate professor for the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Langone Hospital Brooklyn, and medical director of Women’s Health, Family Health Centers at NYU Langone (FHC).
Todd Sinett, DC, is the CEO of Tru Whole Care and founder of Backbridge, a back pain device. Dr. Sinett has published four books on treating back pain, available on Amazon.
Sit-Ups: Muscles Worked and Benefits
Most people might assume crunches and sit-ups are the same exact exercise. However, there are a few key differences to note for each movement, particularly when it comes to the muscles involved. “While the terms ‘crunches’ and ‘sit-ups’ are sometimes used interchangeably, sit-ups are usually hinged from the waist, and crunches can be more of a curling of a spine, but it really depends on who you talk to and how people use these terms,” Leia Rispoli, MD, says. “Classically, a crunch is more of a curled movement from a flat position where your elbows meet your knees vs. a sit-up, which is a hinge from the waist with a persistent stable and flat spine.”
When it comes to performing sit-up exercises, the main muscles used are the rectus abdominis, obliques, transverse abdominis, and hip flexors. “The specific muscles that are worked and utilized involve your core muscles (mostly your anterior core muscles), so all your abdominal muscles, and hip flexor muscles,” Dr. Rispoli says.
A sit-up exercise “involves your abdominals and hip flexors as well because it combines spinal flexion and hip flexion,” Anna Larson, PT, DPT, says. “While crunches involve mostly your abdominal muscles, because the motion is achieved only with spinal flexion.”
There are benefits of sit-ups that relate to movements in everyday life. “A lot of core muscle strength and stability helps protect and preserve the spine,” Dr. Rispoli says. “In general, this helps establish a persistent habit of good posture, which ultimately puts the spine in a protective mode against years of degeneration.”
“Our abdominal muscles form a large part of our core, which give us stability, balance, and improved posture,” Dr. Larson adds. “Strengthening your abdominal muscles also will increase your pelvic floor strength. Improved pelvic floor strength will help to decrease the risk of urinary incontinence and prolapse.”
How to Do Sit-Ups Safely
- Start by lying on the floor, with your back against the ground, knees bent and feet flat on the floor.
- Place both arms crossed at the front of the chest.
- Bring your upper body and torso up towards your knees.
- Slowly lower yourself back down to the floor, with control.
Some might want to start out with both hands behind your neck, but for safety, try to keep the arms crossed at the chest first, especially if you’re a beginner. “You want to keep your lumbar spine and your neck and your head all in one plane,” Dr. Rispoli advises. “You don’t want to put any extra flexion or strain on the neck, and you don’t want to use your arms that are positioned behind your head to hinge your neck in a flexion position and pull from there.” She adds: “If the initial engagement of the muscles is too difficult to get off of the floor immediately for those first few degrees, then you should use some sort of propped mat to help eliminate those first few degrees of difficulty.”
Note for beginners: “When starting out with this exercise, it is helpful to have someone stabilize your feet or place your feet under something sturdy such as a couch,” according to Dr. Larson. “Placing a small ball or a couple of pillows behind the back can help to engage the deeper abdominal muscles and help increase your strength gradually over time.”
“The best starting position is with a pillow behind the back or small ball, as this will help encourage spinal flexion, and the engagement of the abdominals instead of overrecruiting the hip flexors. This also decreases the load to the neck as the angle takes some of the strain from the neck muscles and focuses more on the abdominals,” Dr. Larson adds.
Sit-Up Alternatives
Todd Sinett, DC, believes you can do much more than sit-ups to help your core. “I wrote a book entitled ‘Sit-Ups Are Stupid and Crunches Are Crap,’ which provides an outline of exercises and stretches that help to strengthen our core,” he says. “To name a few I love: dead bugs, bird dog, leg raises, planks. You want to focus on exercises that elongate the body and spine.”
Dead bugs: “Anything laying on your back while alternating moving your legs or arms, such as a dead bug, is a great way to build deep core strength,” Dr. Larson says.
Bird dogs: “Another way to challenge core stability is on hands and knees alternating reaching your opposite arm and leg, also called a bird dog.” Dr. Larson adds.
Leg raises or planks: For pre- or post-natal women, “pelvic tilts, modified planks, leg raises, side-lying exercises can help strengthen core while also ensuring safety during pregnancy. Light aerobic exercises, weightlifting, moderate brisk walking, and cycling on a stationary bike are good options,” Meleen Chuang, MD, says.
Pelvic tilts: “An alternative exercise can be something like a pelvic tilt, where you’re in a sit-up position, but instead of raising your upper trunk, you’re just flattening your back to the floor and contracting and engaging your core and abdominal muscles,” Dr. Rispoli, MD, says.
Jade Esmeralda (she/her), MS, CSCS, is a health and fitness staff writer and a strength and conditioning specialist. A lifelong martial artist and dancer, Jade has a strong passion for strength and conditioning, sports science, and human performance. She graduated with a Master of Science degree in exercise science and strength and conditioning from George Washington University.
Fitness
Health Watch: Fitness Friday – exercise and dementia
...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM PDT SATURDAY FOR GUSTY WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITY FOR THE SIERRA FRONT... * Affected Area...Fire Weather Zone 420 Northern Sierra Front including Carson City, Douglas, Storey, Southern Washoe, Western Lyon, and Far Southern Lassen Counties. * Winds...West 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph. * Humidity...Afternoon minimums of 12 to 20 percent. * Duration...2 to 5 hours Friday with 3 to 8 hours Saturday. * Impacts...The combination of gusty winds and dry fuels can cause fire to rapidly grow in size and intensity before first responders can contain them. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Avoid outdoor activities that can cause a spark near dry vegetation, such as yard work, target shooting, or campfires. Follow local fire restrictions. Check weather.gov/reno for updates and livingwithfire.info for preparedness tips. &&
...LAKE WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM PDT SATURDAY FOR WASHOE LAKE... * WHAT...Southwest winds 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph for Washoe Lake. * WHERE...Greater Reno-Carson City-Minden Area. * WHEN...Until 11 PM PDT Saturday. * IMPACTS...Small boats, kayaks and paddle boards will be prone to capsizing and should remain off lake waters until conditions improve. * ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Winds may briefly subside tonight before increasing again early Saturday morning. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Check lake conditions before heading out and be prepared for a sudden increase in winds and wave heights. Consider postponing boating activities on the lake until a day with less wind. &&
Fitness
Can VR Fitness Replace Traditional Exercise? – TechRound
In 2025, the global Virtual Reality fitness market was estimated to be worth between $30 – $50 billion dollars and by the mid 2030’s, it is likely to be estimated to be worth up to 400 billion dollars. Big name companies like Meta, Apple, Sony, Samsung and Nike, are investing a lot of money into the field.
One 2025 study by the University of Victoria found that more people utilising VR fitness programs were exercising for longer periods of time. VR based fitness users actively worked out sessions that were an average of 34% longer and VR fitness users were also 2.2 times more likely to complete weekly physical workout requirements than users of traditional home workout equipment.
The real question is, how viable is the market and how much of an opportunity is there for VC-funded startups that are working on the future of fitness technology?
Why Virtual Fitness is Worth Watching
VR fitness is built to solve the problem of the dropout of users of home fitness programs. According to studies, traditional home workouts suffer from dropout rates of 50% within three months. Repetitive workouts become boring and are a drain on motivation.
However, exercising in VR allows fitness to be gamified and VR fitness studies have uncovered an important phenomenon: users perceive their heart rate and effort to be lower than it is and are likely to work out even harder than in traditional settings.
Can You Actually Become Fitter With VR Fitness?
There is no shortage of virtual fitness games out there and yes, you can actually become fitter through a faster heart rate and all while ‘playing a game’ that might not seem so exhaustive when compared to the gym. Active VR games can create an effective aerobic workout and burn calories on par with biking or light jogging.
These games produce real results and the research backs it up. Active VR workouts consistently produce heart rates in the aerobic zone. Game examples include Beat Saber, Supernatural, Les Mills Body Combat VR and Thrill of the Fight.
Opportunities to Expand into Mental Well-Being Through VR
VR fitness isn’t just about physical output. Immersive environments have documented effects on stress and mood, exercising in a virtual forest or on a clifftop coastline produces different psychological responses to a gym mirror.
This mental wellness dimension is opening a new product category: VR fitness platforms that blur into mindfulness apps, targeting the significant overlap between corporate wellness programmes and mental health investment.
What Are The Limitations of Virtual Fitness?
Currently the biggest weakness in VR fitness is the lack of options for strength training. The types of movements that build and maintain muscle mass, like squats and deadlifts, can’t be effectively done in VR without some added equipment. One of the few companies that have started to tackle this problem is Black Box VR, which offers gyms combining VR and cable resistance.
Startups Worth Keeping an Eye On in The VR Fitness Sector
There are a handful of innovative startups in the VR fitness industry that are worth watching in 2026 and beyond- from subscription-based fitness tools to interactive challenges that help increase stamina and even strength:
Supernatural
In 2023, Meta completed its acquisition of Supernatural and integrated the VR fitness platform into the expanding Meta Quest ecosystem. The service offers users daily workouts set in immersive real-world locations, enhanced by licensed music and guided instruction.
As a subscription-based platform, Supernatural has consistently demonstrated some of the strongest retention rates in the consumer VR market, highlighting the viability of the VR fitness subscription model. In 2026, Meta announced that Supernatural would be spun off into a new independent company, Supernatural Health, led by the platform’s original founders. Supernatural Health is expected to relaunch in autumn 2026 with higher subscription pricing, reflecting a renewed focus on growing the platform as a standalone fitness business.
Black Box VR

Purpose-built VR gyms seem to be the focus of Black Box VR. Combining resistance machines and immersive environments is an interesting approach, especially with the existing VR home ecosystems providing frictionless workouts. Black Box VR’s franchise model suggests that they believe the hybrid VR/gym model will bring an edge over the competition when compared to only a software solution.
HOLOFIT

HOLOFIT is a virtual reality fitness platform developed by Holodia that transforms cardio workouts into immersive experiences. Using a VR headset, users can row, cycle, run, or perform bodyweight exercises while exploring virtual worlds and completing interactive challenges.
The platform connects with rowing machines, exercise bikes and ellipticals, making workouts more engaging and motivating through gamification, virtual coaching and online competitions.
Fitness
Exercise Tips From Dr. Schwartz for Summer Fitness – MyRye.com
Special promotional content provided by White Plains Hospital
There is no time like the present to get your fitness routine back on track—or start one for the first time, advises Dr. Michael Schwartz, an Orthopedic Surgeon and Sports Medicine Physician at White Plains Hospital Physician Associates.
Here’s what Dr. Schwartz wants you to keep in mind as you get moving this summer.
(PHOTO: Dr. Michael Schwartz, orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine physician at White Plains Hospital Physician Associates.) Credit: Contributed.Q: If I’m completely new to exercise or have taken considerable time off, how can I get started again this summer?
A: It’s important to start slow, maybe two to three days a week. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that most people get about 150 minutes of physical activity a week, along with at least two days of strength training. And remember:
- Those minutes can be broken up throughout the week to help make the task more manageable.
- You can follow the recommended amount of time, but you don’t want to go too hard or too fast when you first start out.
- If you’re not used to running, start with a walk and then work your way up to more intense workouts. You can also do a lot of simple strength training at home with just a chair—search online for videos or apps to find the right routine for you.
- You should rest between exercises to give your muscles time to recover, repair, and rebuild.
Q: I hear a lot about overuse injuries. How can I avoid that?
A: These injuries can be common, which is why I often advise a combination of cardiovascular activities like running, rowing, and biking. If you switch up what you’re doing, then you’ll be using different muscle groups and hopefully not working one of them too hard.
Q: Workout trends seem to come and go. Is there one that you think is more beneficial than others?
A: People were really into their bikes when the pandemic hit and that was great. Some people enjoy Pilates, some like HIIT (high intensity interval training) workouts—these are great because they balance strength and cardiovascular focuses. This also benefits your metabolic function, which is great for your overall health. The best exercise routine to follow is one that you are actually going to do consistently: Find something you like, and then work it into your routine.
Q: Knowing the importance of both cardio and strength training, is there a way for a person to determine how much of each they need?
A: This is going to be unique for each person. It’s certainly something that you could talk to a personal trainer about if you’d like a personal assessment and one-on-one guidance. For most people, it’s about doing what you can.
For instance, walking is a great way to get a workout without fancy equipment or hiring a personal trainer. Just put on some sneakers and go. And, eventually, you can turn those walks into more intense workouts by adding hills, hiking on different terrains, or even rucking, adding weight to a backpack so you can turn your walk into a strength-training routine.
Q: How might a person’s approach to fitness change as they age?
A: When we’re younger, it’s important to build a strong foundation through cardio and strength training to develop muscle, endurance, and overall fitness. This sets us up for long-term health. But as we age—often starting in our 40s—muscle and bone density naturally begin to decline. That’s when strength training becomes even more essential, particularly for women navigating changes during and after menopause. Maintaining strength helps preserve mobility, balance, and core stability as we continue to age, which are critical for preventing falls and staying active without pain.
Q: We’ve all heard the phrase, “No pain, no gain.” But how can you tell the difference between healthy soreness and an injury?
A: Some soreness following exercise is normal, and it is important to allow your body rest periods for your muscles to recover. On the same note, you also need to be in tune with your body. An acute pain could mean that you pulled or otherwise injured something and you should see an orthopedist. Regular muscle soreness shouldn’t last more than a few days.
Dr. Michael Schwartz is an Orthopedic Surgeon and Sports Medicine Physician at White Plains Hospital Physician Associates. To schedule an appointment, call 914.849.7897.
This article originally appeared on Health Matters, a White Plains Hospital publication.
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