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How to Do Sit-Ups Safely and Alternatives to Try, According to Experts

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How to Do Sit-Ups Safely and Alternatives to Try, According to Experts

When most people think of a strong core or achieving abs, the first exercise that comes to mind is often sit-ups. While sit-ups have long been a go-to for strengthening the core, they’re not always the most effective or safest option for everyone. Proper form and technique are key to maximizing the benefits of sit-ups while avoiding strain on the back and neck.

To provide a well-rounded perspective on how to do sit-ups, we spoke with three experts who shared their insights on the benefits and potential risks of sit-ups, as well as alternative exercises that can help build a strong core without the same level of stress on the body. Their advice offers a balanced view of how to approach core training, ensuring safety, effectiveness, and overall fitness progress. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned athlete, understanding how to incorporate sit-ups — or how to replace them with other movements — can help you reach your fitness goals more efficiently and safely.

Many expectant mothers, especially, wonder if sit-ups are safe during pregnancy and whether they should incorporate them into their fitness routines. To provide expert guidance, we spoke with a specialist who will weigh in on the safety and recommendations for core exercises during pregnancy.

Experts Featured in This Article:

Leia Rispoli, MD, is a double board-certified interventional pain management specialist and physiatrist at DISC Sports & Spine Center.

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Anna Larson, PT, DPT, is a doctor of physical therapy at Fusion Wellness and Femina Physical Therapy in Los Angeles, CA.

Meleen Chuang, MD, is a clinical associate professor for the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Langone Hospital Brooklyn, and medical director of Women’s Health, Family Health Centers at NYU Langone (FHC).

Todd Sinett, DC, is the CEO of Tru Whole Care and founder of Backbridge, a back pain device. Dr. Sinett has published four books on treating back pain, available on Amazon.

Sit-Ups: Muscles Worked and Benefits

Most people might assume crunches and sit-ups are the same exact exercise. However, there are a few key differences to note for each movement, particularly when it comes to the muscles involved. “While the terms ‘crunches’ and ‘sit-ups’ are sometimes used interchangeably, sit-ups are usually hinged from the waist, and crunches can be more of a curling of a spine, but it really depends on who you talk to and how people use these terms,” Leia Rispoli, MD, says. “Classically, a crunch is more of a curled movement from a flat position where your elbows meet your knees vs. a sit-up, which is a hinge from the waist with a persistent stable and flat spine.”

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When it comes to performing sit-up exercises, the main muscles used are the rectus abdominis, obliques, transverse abdominis, and hip flexors. “The specific muscles that are worked and utilized involve your core muscles (mostly your anterior core muscles), so all your abdominal muscles, and hip flexor muscles,” Dr. Rispoli says.

A sit-up exercise “involves your abdominals and hip flexors as well because it combines spinal flexion and hip flexion,” Anna Larson, PT, DPT, says. “While crunches involve mostly your abdominal muscles, because the motion is achieved only with spinal flexion.”

There are benefits of sit-ups that relate to movements in everyday life. “A lot of core muscle strength and stability helps protect and preserve the spine,” Dr. Rispoli says. “In general, this helps establish a persistent habit of good posture, which ultimately puts the spine in a protective mode against years of degeneration.”

“Our abdominal muscles form a large part of our core, which give us stability, balance, and improved posture,” Dr. Larson adds. “Strengthening your abdominal muscles also will increase your pelvic floor strength. Improved pelvic floor strength will help to decrease the risk of urinary incontinence and prolapse.”

How to Do Sit-Ups Safely

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  • Start by lying on the floor, with your back against the ground, knees bent and feet flat on the floor.
  • Place both arms crossed at the front of the chest.
  • Bring your upper body and torso up towards your knees.
  • Slowly lower yourself back down to the floor, with control.

Some might want to start out with both hands behind your neck, but for safety, try to keep the arms crossed at the chest first, especially if you’re a beginner. “You want to keep your lumbar spine and your neck and your head all in one plane,” Dr. Rispoli advises. “You don’t want to put any extra flexion or strain on the neck, and you don’t want to use your arms that are positioned behind your head to hinge your neck in a flexion position and pull from there.” She adds: “If the initial engagement of the muscles is too difficult to get off of the floor immediately for those first few degrees, then you should use some sort of propped mat to help eliminate those first few degrees of difficulty.”

Note for beginners: “When starting out with this exercise, it is helpful to have someone stabilize your feet or place your feet under something sturdy such as a couch,” according to Dr. Larson. “Placing a small ball or a couple of pillows behind the back can help to engage the deeper abdominal muscles and help increase your strength gradually over time.”

“The best starting position is with a pillow behind the back or small ball, as this will help encourage spinal flexion, and the engagement of the abdominals instead of overrecruiting the hip flexors. This also decreases the load to the neck as the angle takes some of the strain from the neck muscles and focuses more on the abdominals,” Dr. Larson adds.

Sit-Up Alternatives

Todd Sinett, DC, believes you can do much more than sit-ups to help your core. “I wrote a book entitled ‘Sit-Ups Are Stupid and Crunches Are Crap,’ which provides an outline of exercises and stretches that help to strengthen our core,” he says. “To name a few I love: dead bugs, bird dog, leg raises, planks. You want to focus on exercises that elongate the body and spine.”

Dead bugs: “Anything laying on your back while alternating moving your legs or arms, such as a dead bug, is a great way to build deep core strength,” Dr. Larson says.

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Bird dogs: “Another way to challenge core stability is on hands and knees alternating reaching your opposite arm and leg, also called a bird dog.” Dr. Larson adds.

Leg raises or planks: For pre- or post-natal women, “pelvic tilts, modified planks, leg raises, side-lying exercises can help strengthen core while also ensuring safety during pregnancy. Light aerobic exercises, weightlifting, moderate brisk walking, and cycling on a stationary bike are good options,” Meleen Chuang, MD, says.

Pelvic tilts: “An alternative exercise can be something like a pelvic tilt, where you’re in a sit-up position, but instead of raising your upper trunk, you’re just flattening your back to the floor and contracting and engaging your core and abdominal muscles,” Dr. Rispoli, MD, says.

Jade Esmeralda (she/her), MS, CSCS, is a health and fitness staff writer and a strength and conditioning specialist. A lifelong martial artist and dancer, Jade has a strong passion for strength and conditioning, sports science, and human performance. She graduated with a Master of Science degree in exercise science and strength and conditioning from George Washington University.

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Strength training over decades linked to longer life – Harvard Health

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Strength training over decades linked to longer life – Harvard Health


We’ve long known that aerobic exercise might help us live longer, and now strength training is being credited with the same effect. People who do up to two hours of strength training each week, over several decades, may reduce their risk of dying earlier from several serious conditions, including heart disease and neurological diseases, according to a Harvard-led study published June 12, 2026, in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Researchers analyzed three major studies involving 147,374 adults (79% women) who were middle-aged or older at the study’s start and tracked for up to 30 years. Participants reported how frequently and vigorously they exercised, including resistance training (which can include weight lifting and body-weight movements) and aerobic activity (such as brisk walking, cycling, and running). Deaths from all causes were also recorded.

Participants who logged between 90 and 119 minutes of resistance training each week were 13% less likely to die during the study period from any cause compared with those who did no strength training. They also had a 19% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and a 27% lower risk of dying from neurological diseases such as dementia. Aerobic exercise remained a strong, independent predictor of living longer, but the greatest benefit was observed when resistance training was combined with it. Participants who regularly did both had up to a 45% lower risk of dying during the study period than those who did little aerobic activity and no resistance training.

If you don’t already engage in strength training, it may be wise to start. Begin with body-weight exercises such as squats, push-ups, or step-ups on a low stair. Add resistance bands or light dumbbells to increase the benefits. Consider enlisting the guidance of a physical therapist or personal trainer, and aim for consistency over time.

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Image: © The Good Brigade/Getty Images

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‘This works’: Fitness icon Suzy Jalowsky, 60, shares the simple exercise formula she swears by

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‘This works’: Fitness icon Suzy Jalowsky, 60, shares the simple exercise formula she swears by

It’s easy to overcomplicate your fitness routine, especially when you’re being bombarded by information on social media about how to optimise every aspect of your workouts. But improving your fitness and building strength doesn’t have to be complicated – as a new reel from fitness icon Suzi Jalowsky shows.

The 60-year-old shared how just 30 minutes of walking daily paired with three simple strength workouts can help women over 40 ‘look better, feel better and stay strong’ as they age.

‘This works,’ she wrote in the caption. ‘Consistency with the basics will take you where you want to be. We often look for complicated solutions, but the basics are what truly change your body.’

Suzi Jalowsky’s strength routine

To add to the simplicity of the workout, Jalowsky uses just two 12lb (roughly 5kg) dumbbells throughout – so you don’t need to spend hundreds of pounds on expensive equipment to get started.

The workout

How to do the moves

  • Stand with your feet hip-width apart and a slight bend in your knees.
  • Hinge at your hips until your chest is almost parallel to the floor, keeping your back flat and your shoulders down.
  • Hold a dumbbell in each hand with your palms facing each other and your arms hanging below your shoulders.
  • With a slight bend in your elbows, raise the weights out to shoulder height, squeezing your upper back and shoulder blades together.
  • Lower the dumbbells back to the starting position with control.
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  • Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, holding a dumbbell in each hand.
  • Bend over while bracing your core and keeping your back straight and chin tucked.
  • Draw the dumbbells towards your waist, keeping the elbow tucked into your side.
  • To complete the rep, extend the arms back to the starting position.
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  • Stand with your feet hip-width apart, hands on your hips.
  • Take a big step back with your right leg, crossing it behind your left. Bend your knees and lower your hips until your left thigh is nearly parallel to the floor. Keep your torso upright and your hips and shoulders as square as possible to the wall in front of you.
  • Return to start. Then repeat on the other side.
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  • Start with a dumbbell in each hand, arms down and palms facing your body.
  • Rotate each hand so your palms face forwards. Keeping a slight bend in the knees, activate your glutes.
  • Engaging your core to avoid any sway in the hips, bend your arms, lifting one of weights to chest height in a slow, controlled movement.
  • Keep your shoulders relaxed and down, and keep your head, neck and spine neutral. Don’t arch your back.
  • In another slow, controlled movement, lower the weight back down to your thighs by straightening your arms while raising the other one to your chest. Repeat.
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  • Stand with your knees bent and lean forward slightly, with a dumbbell in each hand.
  • Keeping your back straight, bend your dumbell-holding arm 90 degrees at the elbow so your triceps are aligned with your back and your biceps are perpendicular to the floor.
  • Engage your core and your triceps and hinge at the elbow, lifting the dumbbell up and back as you try and straighten your arm. Your triceps should stay still; only your elbow moves.
  • Guide the weight upward until your arm is straight, pause, then lower back down slightly to begin your pulses.
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  • Stand with your feet slightly wider than shoulder width apart, evenly distribute your weight, and turn your toes out to 10 and 2 o’clock. Hold a dumbbell in each hand.
  • Keep your core tight and chest tall as you inhale, bend your knees, and sink your hips down until your thighs are parallel to the floor.
  • Exhale as you drive through your feet back to an upright standing position.

Upright row

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  • Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, holding the dumbbells with straight arms in front of your legs. Your palms should face your body.
  • Engage your abs. Keep your chest up and eyes forward.
  • Lift the dumbbells up to mid-chest height or just below your chin. Keep your dumbbells close to your body by raising your elbows up and out to the sides.
  • Pause at the top, then lower with control to the beginning.

Serve the platter

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  • Stand with your feet hip-width apart, holding a dumbbell in each hand.
  • Bend your elbows to 90 degrees, tucking them tightly against your waist with your palms facing upwards.
  • Slowly extend your arms out in front, raising them to shoulder height.
  • Pull your elbows pack to the starting position.
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  • Start with your feet together, holding a dumbbell in both hands at your sides. Shift your weight to your left leg, with your knee slightly bent.
  • Hinge at your hips to bring your chest down while raising your right leg behind you until your body is in a line from your head to your right foot.
  • Reverse back to the starting position and repeat, then switch sides.

Star jump with squat

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  • Start by standing with your feet shoulder-width apart and a single dumbbell held with both your hands in front of your chest.
  • In one movement, jump your feet out to the side and press the dumbbell over your head.
  • Jump your feet back in, bring the dumbbell back to your chest and lower into a squat. Continue by jumping your feet out to the side again and repeating the movement.

One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.

Get the plan

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        Lauren Geall is deputy site editor for Women’s Health UK and Men’s Health UK. She graduated from Exeter University with a BA in English Literature before studying an MA in Magazine Journalism at City, University London. She’s been writing about health, fitness and wellbeing for over five years, with a total of seven years in digital journalism. Prior to her current role, she worked at Stylist as the acting health and fitness editor. As well as being a keen runner, Lauren is passionate about women’s sport and can often be found cheering on Arsenal Women at the Emirates or keeping tabs on the Red Roses’ latest win. 

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Sue Barker, 70, keeps fit with cardio, strength training and NEAT exercise – her lifelong fitness formula

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Sue Barker, 70, keeps fit with cardio, strength training and NEAT exercise – her lifelong fitness formula

Sue Barker may have stepped away from professional tennis in 1985 at the age of 29, but she’s continued to prioritise fitness and movement.

‘During the winter, I try to exercise at least three times a week at the gym, and in the summer I like to get outdoors. I love jogging, cycling and walking my dogs,’ the 1976 French Open champion and former world No. 3 told Express.

She shares her varied routine – which includes cardio, strength training and plenty of everyday movement (also known as non-exercise activity thermogenesis, or NEAT) – with her husband.

‘As a rule, Lance and I do a lot of exercise – we have two dogs to walk [twice a day], we cycle a lot and have a personal trainer we see a couple of times a week,’ the former long-time Wimbledon presenter told Sheerluxe.

‘So, I do keep fit. Lance plays golf and I’m thinking of taking it up, but I’ve been saying that for quite a few years…’

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Despite retiring from both tennis and broadcasting, she remains drawn back to the court.

‘Going back to Wimbledon [in 2023] reignited my love for the game, so I’m going to play there on the grass,’ she added.

Sue Barker uses exercise to stay fit for life

Movement plays a central role in her approach to healthy ageing and maintaining her independence.

‘It’s vitally important to me that, even later in life, I stay fit and focused,’ she told Express. ‘For me, it’s a question of self-preservation. While I can’t fight time, I can help myself stay fit and focused through good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.’

She also remains keen to embrace new experiences and make the most of the years ahead.

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‘I can’t wait to see where my life is going to go from now on. Age is but a number,’ she told Riverstone Living. ‘I want to go out and do all sorts of things – I want to travel, I want to keep living life to the absolute full.’

How Sue Barker first fell in love with sport

Her love of staying active started at home.

‘My father was very sporty and played a lot of tennis,’ she told Sheerluxe. ‘He was also a very good golfer and, as a family, we did a lot of active things together like rowing and swimming. My siblings did all sorts of sports too and I learned to play tennis mainly with my sister.’

Playing tennis in an era before modern recovery methods and training techniques helped forge her into a resilient athlete.

‘We didn’t have the facilities and the training and the technique that goes with it now – the stretching, the ice baths,’ the former champion recalled.

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‘We wore Green Flash tennis shoes that didn’t have any sponge in them at all, and we were using wooden rackets. Every part of your body ached.’


One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.

Get the plan


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