World
Which Kurdish groups is the US rallying to fight Iran?
Iran has launched operations targeting Iranian and Iraqi Kurdish groups in the semi-autonomous Kurdish region in neighbouring Iraq as the regional war ignited by the United States and Israel entered its sixth day, with more than 1,000 people killed across the country.
State television, Press TV, reported early on Thursday that Tehran was striking “anti-Iran separatist forces”, referring to Iranian and Iraqi Kurdish groups believed to be based in mountainous, hard-to-reach areas near the Iran-Iraq border.
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Iranian missiles hit Sulaimaniyah city in the semi-autonomous Kurdistan region, according to local reports.
“We targeted the headquarters of Kurdish groups opposed to the revolution in Iraqi Kurdistan with three missiles,” Iran’s official IRNA news agency reported on Thursday, quoting a military statement. The Iranian military said earlier on Tuesday it used “30 drones” on Kurdish positions.
The attack comes just days after multiple publications reported that US President Donald Trump was in active talks with Iranian and Iraqi Kurdish groups, and that Washington hopes to use them to spur a popular uprising.
Various Iranian Kurdish groups, which share close ties with Iraqi Kurds, have long opposed Tehran from their bases in northern Iraq and along the Iraq-Iran border. These groups reportedly have thousands of fighters between them.
Here’s what we know so far:
Why are Kurdish groups cooperating with the US?
US officials said the aim is to stretch Iranian forces and take out the remains of the military-dominated Iranian government, according to reporting by CNN.
There is also speculation that the groups could be supported to take control of northern Iran to create a ground buffer for Israeli forces, possibly streaming in from Iraq.
US-Israeli bombings have heavily targeted areas along the Iraq-Iran border since the start of the war on Saturday, possibly to degrade Iranian defences and allow Kurdish opposition groups to cross fully into Iran, according to a briefing by US-based think tank, the Soufan Center.
The US has not ruled out sending ground forces, although analysts told Al Jazeera Iran’s rugged territory would make that very difficult.
If the US does support these groups against Tehran, it would mean that Washington is treating them like armed “players on a board,” Winthrop Rodgers, associate fellow at the UK think tank, Chatham House, told Al Jazeera.
Which Kurdish groups are there?
Neither the US nor Kurdish groups had confirmed any agreements by Thursday.
However, it is known that Trump has spoken to the leaders of two Kurdish groups in Iraq: Masoud Barzani, leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, and Bafel Talabani, leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), according to US publication, Axios. Talabani confirmed the call on Wednesday.
Trump also spoke to Mustafa Hijri, head of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI), on Tuesday, CNN reported, quoting a Kurdish official.
Meanwhile, Iranian Kurdish rebel groups, which have thousands of fighters along the Iraq-Iran border, formed the Coalition of Political Forces of Iranian Kurdistan (CPFIK) alliance one week before the war broke out.
The group issued statements at the start of the conflict, signalling imminent intervention and urging Iranian military members to defect. According to Israel’s I24News, thousands of its fighters were in Iran by Wednesday.
Here are the different groups:
Kurdistan Democratic Party: The ruling party in the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). The party controls the capital city of Erbil as well as Duhok. It has historical ties with Iranian Kurdish groups.
However, the KRG is not eager to be seen as supporting attacks on Iran, even as Iranian drones have hit US assets in Erbil. On Wednesday, Kurdistan region President Nechirvan Barzani spoke with Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and told him his region “will not be part of conflicts” targeting Tehran.
In 2023, the two countries signed a security deal that saw Iraq promise to disarm and relocate Iranian opposition groups on its territory, although it appears many groups are still based there, reflecting the limited influence the government wields over them.
Iraqi Kurds, who have close ties with both the US and Iran, are in a “difficult position”, said Rodgers.
“They are under tremendous pressure from a wide range of forces, including (pro-Iran) Iraqi militias. They will try to stay out of the conflict as much as they can, but that will likely prove impossible,” he said.
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK): The PUK is the official opposition in the semi-autonomous Kurdistan region and also nationally relevant as Iraqi President Abdul Latif Rashid is a member. In a statement on Sunday, Rashid urged dialogue and an end to the war. Iraq declared three days of mourning following the killing of Iran’s Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in US-Israeli strikes on Tehran on Saturday.
Coalition of Political Forces of Iranian Kurdistan (CPFIK): Formed on February 22, 2026, the group includes six Iranian Kurdish opposition groups seeking an independent state.
Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) – Based in the Kurdistan region, the group has about 1,200 members and is proscribed as a “terror” group by Iran.
Kurdistan Freedom Party (PAK) – Also based in Kurdistan, it has an estimated 1,000 members.
Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK) – A close ally of the Turkish opposition armed group, Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), PJAK is proscribed as a “terror” group by Ankara. PJAK’s armed wing, the Eastern Kurdistan Units (YRK), is believed to have between 1,000 and 3,000 members, many of them women. It is based in the rugged Qandil Mountains near the Iran-Iraq border and in the semiautonomous Kurdistan region. It has launched numerous attacks on Iranian forces in the past decade. A recent Iranian strike reportedly killed one fighter.
Organisation of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle (Khabat) – It has an unknown number of fighters.
Komala of the Toilers of Kurdistan – Based in Iraq’s KRG, it has an unknown number of fighters.
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KPIK) – Also headquartered in the Kurdistan region, it has an estimated 1,000 fighters in 2017.
What is the history of US involvement with Kurdish resistance groups in the Middle East?
Kurds are an ethnic minority spread across the Middle East with a shared language and culture. They do not have a state of their own and have historically been marginalised across countries – mainly Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkiye.
For decades, several armed Kurdish groups have sought self-governance in Turkiye, Syria and Iran.
In Iraq, Kurdish nationalist groups gained some success during the 1991 Gulf War by working with the US, which helped establish the self-governing Kurdistan region of Iraq. The US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) also trained and armed its army, known as the Peshmerga, after the US invaded Iraq in 2003. In 2005, the semiautonomous region was officially recognised in Iraq’s constitution.
Since 2017, Washington has also armed and trained the People’s Protection Units (YPG), a Syrian Kurdish militia that Turkiye lists as a “terror” group because of its links with the proscribed PKK. The group, which successfully resisted ISIL (ISIS), now forms the main component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). It controlled Raqqa and other ISIL strongholds.
However, when it began military clashes with Syrian forces under the President Ahmed al-Sharaa-led government last August, Washington turned away from the group and backed Damascus instead. In January this year, the SDF signed an agreement with the Syrian government to integrate into the government forces. In return, the Syrian government recognised Kurdish rights.
In Turkiye, meanwhile, the PKK, whose presence in northern Iraq has long been a source of tension with Ankara, declared a ceasefire in March 2025, after a call from its imprisoned leader, Abdullah Ocalan, to disarm.
How does Kurdish resistance in Iran compare with others?
Iranian Kurds opposed the Iranian government even before the formation of the Islamic Republic in 1979, Rodgers said, and Tehran’s current weakness provides an opportunity for them to advance their political aims in the country.
However, the new coalition of multiple diverse groups is unprecedented, the analyst added, and their internal dynamics will be a key decisive factor in what role Kurdish groups will play in this war.
“Support from the US is helpful, especially in terms of targeting security forces’ infrastructure with air strikes, but they will likely be cautious about relying too much on Washington, especially from an administration as capricious and disorganised as Trump’s,” Rodgers said, noting how Washington abandoned the Kurds in Syria.
Unlike the split Iranian movements, Iraqi Kurds have long united to form a devolved government enshrined in the Iraqi constitution, built an advanced economy, and secured substantive relations with a wide range of foreign countries. That’s something Kurdish groups will also be hoping to establish in a democratic Iran, he said.
“I think it is unlikely that the Trump administration has made any commitments to the Iranian Kurds about supporting their political goals,” Rodgers said, adding that the US’s plan “does not look fully thought through at all”.
World
Newsletter: G7 ministers to hold talks on war’s economic fallout
Good morning and welcome to Monday – I’m Mared Gwyn.
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Criticism has poured in from all corners of the world after Israeli police stopped the heads of the Catholic Church in Jerusalem from entering the Holy Sepulchre on Palm Sunday, preventing them from privately celebrating mass in what the Latin Patriarchate has said is a first in “centuries”. We have more in our top story below.
But first, G7 crisis talks: G7 energy and finance ministers as well as central bank governors will hold urgent online talks later today amid fears that the economic fallout of the war in Iran is about to hit a tipping point – with another release of strategic oil reserves under consideration.
The US’s European and Asian allies are most vulnerable to the looming economic shock, putting added stress on the fraught Group of Seven. Tensions brimmed to the surface when G7 foreign ministers met in France last week, with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio clashing with the EU’s foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas when she asked when US “patience” with the Kremlin would run out, according to an Axios scoop.
European markets opened lower on Monday, with futures pointing to declines across major indices.
With oil and gas prices already spiralling, there is now fear that a protracted conflict could upend global supply chains as key commodities including fertilisers are trapped in the Strait of Hormuz, the critical waterway which has been effectively closed since the conflict broke out a month ago.
Signs of inflationary pressure and soaring borrowing costs are now making the looming crisis hard to ignore for the G7, which is yet to jointly introduce radical measures to cushion the impact on their economies beyond the release of strategic oil reserves. Several developing countries are already rationing fuel and subsidising energy costs.
My colleague Marta Pacheco reports that EU energy ministers are mulling a cap on oil prices or taxing the windfall profits of energy companies to rein in prices ahead of a virtual meeting tomorrow, Tuesday. Officials in Brussels acknowledge that while the crisis is not yet as acute as that of 2022 in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, there is more limited “financial manoeuvring room” this time. Marta has the details.
Marta also reports that agriculture ministers gather in Brussels today, with France leading calls for swift action to tackle insecurity in Europe’s fertiliser market by easing measures tied to the EU’s carbon border rules. Fertilisers are essential to food production and EU farmers are already hit by soaring prices since the EU banned these chemicals from Belarus and Russia in July 2025.
Paris wants the bloc to temporarily suspend the bloc’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism – a pricing tool based on carbon emissions with which importers need to comply – on fertilisers and ammonia with retroactive effect from 1 January 2026.
An EU official told Marta that, should a suspension not get adequate political support, Paris could table a workaround which would involve compensating farmers using existing EU budget resources to cushion the impact of higher fertiliser costs.
France is also pressing the European Commission to accelerate work on a long-promised “European Fertilizer Sovereignty Plan” – a sign that concerns extend beyond short-term relief to the bloc’s long-term strategic autonomy.
Meanwhile, in the Middle East: The situation remains on a knife edge, with no warring party represented in talks on de-escalation between the top diplomats of Pakistan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Egypt in Islamabad on Sunday.
Discussions explored ways to reopen the Strait of Hormuz including introducing toll-like systems similar to the Suez Canal, Reuters reported, while broader diplomacy aims at a ceasefire and stabilising oil flows disrupted by the conflict. The mediators also contemplated the 15-point plan President Trump has passed on to Iran through Islamabad.
Yet, Trump has told the Financial Times in an interview that his preference is to “take the oil in Iran” by seizing the Iranian export hub of Kharg Island, all the while insisting that he is “pretty sure” that Iran will strike a deal.
The Washington Post meanwhile reports this morning that the Pentagon is preparing for a possible ground invasion into Iran. The Iranian parliament speaker accused the US yesterday of plotting a ground invasion in secret while publicly signalling appetite for talks, warning Tehran is waiting to “rain fire” on any American soldiers who enter its territory.
Outrage after Israeli police block Latin Patriarch from Palm Sunday mass
World leaders have voiced deep concern after Israeli police prevented the head of the Catholic Church in Jerusalem, Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa, from entering the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Palm Sunday mass, with the Vatican and Italy convening their Israeli ambassadors in response.
Both Cardinal Pizzaballa and the Custos of the Holy Land Father Francesco Ielpo were turned away by authorities in an incident the Latin Patriarchate has said “disregards the sensibilities of billions of people around the world”. It said the two were stopped while proceeding privately without any characteristics of a procession or ceremonial act, and had to turn back.
Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has led criticism, describing the Israeli police’s actions as an “offence to the faithful” and to “every community that recognises religious freedom”. French President Emmanuel Macron condemned the incident and said it fits in a pattern of a “worrying increase in violations of the status of the Holy Places in Jerusalem”.
Israel has claimed the priests were stopped due to “security concerns” amid the ongoing war with Iran. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said overnight that Cardinal Pizzaballa had been asked to “refrain from holding mass” out of “special concern for his safety”, but that Israel has since ensured he is “granted full and immediate access to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.”
Yet a spokesperson for the Latin Patriarchate has said that private masses have been taking place at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre since the start of the war, and that it remains unclear why the access of the two priests to Sunday’s Mass was any different.
Aadel Haleem and Orestes Georgiou Daniel have more.
Israel says it will crack down on settler violence in the West Bank, expands Lebanon incursion
A document seen exclusively by Euronews’ Sophie Claudet shows instructions by the office of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to the Israeli army and police to crack down on settler violence against Palestinians in the West Bank.
The instructions, shared in a non-public document titled “Prime Minister’s Directive on Combating Nationalist Crimes in Judea and Samaria,” are an exceedingly unusual move for the Netanyahu administration. Judea and Samaria are the biblical names of the area known today as the West Bank.
The army had announced last week it was diverting troops away from its ongoing offensive in Lebanon to the West Bank in order to rein in Jewish settler violence, in what would be the first time Israel pulls out forces from an active war front to dispatch them to a territory deemed far less dangerous or critical.
Yet since, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has ordered the military to “further expand the existing security buffer zone” in southern Lebanon, as its war against Hezbollah intensifies. Almost a fifth of Lebanon’s population has now been
displaced as a result of the conflict.
Read the full story.
More from our newsrooms
EU calls for Black Sea grain model to unblock Strait of Hormuz. The EU’s special envoy to the Gulf, Luigi di Maio, told Euronews in an interview in Doha on Friday that the EU wants to replicate the Black Sea deal agreed in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to unblock global supplies of grain in the Strait of Hormuz. Aadel Haleem has thefull story.
Two unidentified drones crash in southeastern Finland in ‘suspected territorial violation’. Finland’s Prime Minister Petteri Orpo says they are likely Ukrainian drones that went astray due to Russian jamming of signals as Kyiv carries out drone attacks on Russian territories along the border with Finland. Malek Fouda hasthe story.
Huge crowds protest against Trump in ‘No Kings’ rallies in the US and abroad. Millions of people took to the streets across the US – and to a lesser extent worldwide – on Saturday to protest against what they see as Trump’s authoritarian style of governance, hardline immigration policies, climate change denial and the war with Iran. Lucy Davolou has the details.
We’re also keeping an eye on
- EU agriculture and fisheries ministers gather in Brussels
- Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa in Germany for talks with Chancellor Friedrich Merz
That’s it for today. Marta Pacheco contributed to this newsletter. Remember to sign up to receive Europe Today in your inbox every weekday morning at 08.30.
World
Mary Beth Hurt, Who Starred in ‘The World According to Garp,’ Dies at 79
Mary Beth Hurt, who was nominated for three Tonys and appeared in films including “Interiors” and “The World According to Garp,” died on Sunday from Alzheimer’s. She was 79.
Hurt’s death was confirmed via a joint Facebook post from her daughter, Molly Schrader, and her husband, writer-director Paul Schrader.
“She was an actress, a wife, a sister, a mother, an aunt, a friend, and she took on all those roles with grace and kind ferocity,” read the post. “Although we’re all grieving there is some comfort in knowing she is no longer suffering and reunited with her sisters in peace.”
Hurt worked on stage, in films and in television and collaborated with her husband, Schrader, on “Affliction” and “Light Sleeper.”
Born Mary Beth Supinger in Marshalltown, Iowa, she was married to actor William Hurt from 1971 to 1981. She studied acting at the University of Iowa and then at NYU and made her debut on the New York stage in 1974.
She was Tony-nominated for her performances in “Crimes of the Heart,” for which she won an Obie, “Trelawny of the Wells” and “Benefactors.”
Woody Allen cast Hurt in her first film role in the 1978 “Interiors,” in which she played one of the three sisters dealing with the breakdown of her family. She followed with “The World According to Garp,” playing Helen Holm Garp, “Chilly Scenes of Winter,” Martin Scorsese’s “The Age of Innocence” and “Six Degrees of Separation.”
She told the New York Times in 1989 that she preferred to be selective about film roles. “Fifty percent of the roles I’m offered in films are nothing. I don’t mean sizewise. There’s nothing of any interest in them. So I do the ones that are interesting, unless I haven’t done one in a long while. Then I’ll do one that isn’t interesting.”
On television, Hurt guested on shows including “Law & Order,” “Thirtysomething” and “Kojak.”
She was nominated for an Indie Spirit award for 2006’s “The Dead Girl” and also appeared in “Young Adult,” “The Exorcism of Emily Rose,” “The Lady in the Water” and “Change in the Air.”
She is survived by Schrader, a daughter and a son.
World
Over 2 dozen children among 33 bodies pulled from Kenyan mass grave: authorities
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At least 33 bodies — including children and dismembered remains stuffed in sacks — were unearthed from a mass grave in western Kenya on Thursday, raising questions about whether the corpses were secretly moved from a hospital morgue.
Detectives exhumed the remains of 25 children and eight adults, as well as dismembered body parts packed in gunny sacks, from a mass grave at a church-owned cemetery in Kericho, authorities said.
“We were able to establish that these were bodies transferred from Nyamira District Hospital to a private cemetery in Kericho,” Mohamed Amin, who leads the Directorate of Criminal Investigations, told reporters.
He said detectives are seeking to determine whether the bodies were legally disposed of after being removed from a morgue.
INVESTIGATION CONTINUES AFTER HUNDREDS OF CREMATED HUMAN REMAINS DISCOVERED, RECOVERED FROM NEVADA DESERT
At least 33 bodies – 25 of which belonged to children – were found in a mass grave in Kenya on Thursday. (Andrew Kasuku/AP Photo)
The Associated Press reported that Kenyan law allows hospitals and morgues to dispose of unclaimed bodies after 14 days with court authorization.
Government pathologists conducted autopsies Thursday to determine the cause of death, though the identities of the victims have not been released.
Authorities have arrested two people in connection with the case.
HUNDREDS OF MUTILATED BODIES FOUND IN SUSPECTED NIGERIAN ORGAN-HARVESTING RING
Authorities have arrested two people in connection with the case. (Andrew Kasuku/AP Photo)
Local media reported the bodies were transported in a government vehicle by unidentified individuals and buried hastily, with some gravediggers later alerting police.
“We need authorities to conduct a thorough investigation,” resident Brian Kibunja said.
Another resident, Samuel Moso, said authorities should “reveal if the government was involved or if a different group of people was behind the mass burial.”
PENNSYLVANIA MAN ALLEGEDLY FOUND WITH OVER 100 SETS OF HUMAN REMAINS IN HOME, STORAGE UNIT: ‘HORROR MOVIE’
There have been three major mass-grave incidents in Kenya over the past three years. (Andrew Kasuku/AP Photo)
There have been three major mass-grave incidents in Kenya over the past three years.
Police in 2023 uncovered hundreds of bodies buried in a forest in Kenya’s coastal Kilifi region, exhuming mass graves tied to a religious leader accused of starving his followers to death.
In 2024, authorities recovered nine bodies from a dumpsite in Nairobi, the Eastern African nation’s capital.
The latest discovery comes as concerns grow among some Kenyans over alleged abuses by police.
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Missing Voices, a human rights group, said it documented 125 extrajudicial killings and six enforced disappearances in Kenya over the past year, compared to 104 reported killings the year before.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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