World
Dutch election: Here’s why a nitrogen reduction target is a big issue
In a country of less than 18 million people and more than 116 million livestock, agriculture reigns supreme.
As the world’s second-largest exporter of agricultural products, along with half of its land being devoted to agriculture, the Netherlands is widely considered an agri-food superpower despite its tiny size.
But this, in its own right, creates problems. Namely, nitrogen emissions.
In high concentrations, the chemical element is dangerous for both nature and water quality, and in 2019 a pollution crisis led the Dutch government to set a goal of halving emissions from the gas by 2030.
This, of course, set itself on a collision course with the Dutch farming establishment, given that almost all human activities produce it, but in the Netherlands agriculture is the biggest culprit, responsible for 50% of all nitrogen.
“Basically, here in the Netherlands, there are two big reasons why we have a nitrogen problem for the first time, and it’s because we are a very densely populated area and we have the densest livestock concentration in Europe,” Daan Boezeman from the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency said in an interview with Euronews.
“On the other hand, the Netherlands has taken a rather strict interpretation of the European Habitats Directive, which stipulates that for every new kind of activity, we have to realise nitrogen reduction elsewhere.”
Dutch farmers are required to reduce their nitrogen footprint or sell their properties to the Dutch state, which put in place a voluntary “buyout scheme”, with a budget of €8 billion.
However, the scheme has not been very popular.
According to Jan Arie Koorevaar, who owns 115 cows on a 90-hectare property in South Holland and produces 100 million litres of milk per year in an almost 100% organic way, the government should focus more on boosting innovation, rather than reducing the size of farms.
“A lot of farmers are worried because it’s not clear to them what they need to do on their farms to meet the demands of the government,” Koorevaar told Euronews.
“I think there are also possibilities to reduce emissions for dairy farmers as well. If you can help them with the funding to reduce them with technological innovations, but we do not have that type of measure yet.
“And the other thing would be that the government helps to make your farm more extensive. So, helping, for instance, with the availability of land.”
But the issue has turned controversial ahead of the country’s elections next week.
While farmers are pushing back against the current provisions, some parties and environmental associations want even more. They’re asking for mandatory buyouts, instead of voluntary ones, halving emissions by 2030, and stricter targets on livestock reduction.
“We demand that the government helps farmers make the transition to ecological farming with 70% fewer animals in 2030 and 80% fewer in 2050, and actually help farmers or help the market set up a system in such a way that the farmer also has a good income, producing food for humans instead of a lot of food for animals,” Hilde Anna de Vries from Greenpeace Netherlands said.
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Putin signs revised doctrine lowering threshold for nuclear response if Russia is attacked
Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a revised nuclear doctrine on Tuesday stating that any attack on Russia supported by a country with nuclear power could be grounds for a nuclear response.
Putin signed the new policy on the 1,000th day of the war with Ukraine and the day after President Biden authorized Ukraine to use U.S.-supplied longer-range missiles to strike inside Russia.
The doctrine also states that Russia could respond to aggression against its ally Belarus with nuclear weapons, The Associated Press reported.
Though the doctrine doesn’t specify that Russia will definitely respond to such attacks with nuclear weapons, it does mention the “uncertainty of scale, time and place of possible use of nuclear deterrent” as key principles of deterrence.
BIDEN AUTHORIZES UKRAINE TO USE US LONG-RANGE MISSILES TO STRIKE INSIDE RUSSIA
When asked if the updated doctrine comes in response to Biden’s decision to ease restrictions on how Ukraine can strike Russia, Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told the AP that the doctrine was published “in a timely manner.”
Peskov also said Putin told the government to update it earlier this year so that it’s “in line with the current situation” – the Russian president led a meeting in September to discuss these proposed revisions to the doctrine.
TRUMP ALLIES WARN BIDEN RISKING ‘WORLD WAR III’ BY AUTHORIZING LONG-RANGE MISSILES FOR UKRAINE
Revealed in September, the doctrine now officially states that an attack on Russia by a nonnuclear power with the “participation or support of a nuclear power” will be seen as a “joint attack on the Russian Federation.”
It also contains a broader range of conditions that would trigger the use of nuclear weapons, noting that they could be used in response to an air attack involving ballistic and cruise missiles, aircraft, drones and other flying vehicles.
The previous document threatened the use of Russia’s arsenal if “reliable information is received about the launch of ballistic missiles targeting the territory of Russia or its allies.”
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
World
Damage to underwater cables was 'sabotage', German minister says
Two underwater fibre-optic communications cables running between Finland and Germany were discovered cut on Monday, an incident both countries said was under investigation.
German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius has said that damage done to two underwater data transmission cables running between Germany and Finland was deliberate.
“No one believes that these cables were accidentally cut,” Pistorius said in remarks made on the sidelines of a meeting of EU defence ministers in Brussels.
“We also have to assume, without knowing it yet, that it is sabotage,” he declared, adding that neither Germany nor Finland yet knows who was responsible for damage.
Germany and Finland announced on Monday that they had discovered a severed fibre-optic undersea data cable between the two countries, and that an investigation into the incident is underway.
In a joint statement, they said they did not know who was responsible for the damage, but that the incident came at a time when “our European security is not only under threat from Russia‘s war of aggression against Ukraine, but also from hybrid warfare by malicious actors”.
Pistorius also pointed to so-called “hybrid actors” as being potentially responsible for the damage.
“We have to state, without knowing specifically who it came from, that it is a ‘hybrid’ action” Pistorius said — implying that Russia, often considered responsible for acts of “hybrid warfare”, could be at least in part to blame for the incident.
Both Germany and Finland said that it was important that “critical infrastructure” such as data cables can be safeguarded.
“The fact that such an incident immediately raises suspicions of intentional damage speaks volumes about the volatility of our times,” the two countries said in their joint statement.
Finnish state-controlled data services provider Cinia said the damage to the data cable, which runs almost 1,2000 kilometres from the Finnish capital Helsinki to the German port of Rostock, was detected on Monday.
The incident is not the first to involve damage to underwater infrastructure in the Baltic Sea. On Sunday morning, a 218-kilometre internet link running between Lithuania and Swedish island of Gotland also lost service, according to a Swedish telecommunications company.
In 2022, Nord Stream gas pipelines under the Baltic Sea exploded, leading to several conspiracy theories around who could be responsible for the attack. Unconfirmed rumours have variously said that the US, Ukraine and Russia could have all played a role.
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