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Cleveland Mayor Invokes ‘Modell Law’ to Block Browns Move

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Cleveland Mayor Invokes ‘Modell Law’ to Block Browns Move

Cleveland Mayor Justin Bibb emailed a letter to Cleveland Browns owners Jimmy and Dee Haslam on Monday threatening legal action via Ohio Revised Code 9.67—more popularly known as the “Art Modell law”—unless the Browns provide “the City or others with the opportunity to purchase the team, as required by law.”

Bibb wrote the Browns have until Jan. 9 to respond or face unspecified legal action. One potential action would be Cleveland petitioning a court for an injunction to stop the NFL franchise from taking relocation-related steps. The Browns could contest that petition and argue the city lacks the legal justification for an injunction.

The mayor’s letter is the latest development in an escalating feud pitting Cleveland and the publicly owned Huntington Bank Field (HBF) against the Browns, which are exploring a stadium project in Brook Park, a city about 15 miles from Cleveland. The Browns are bound by a lease agreement to play at HBF until after the 2028 season but could move thereafter.

In October, the Browns sued Cleveland in an Ohio federal court. The lawsuit contends that the Modell Law violates several provisions of the U.S. Constitution and that, even if the law is found to comply with the Constitution, the Browns have followed it. The case is before U.S. District Judge David A. Ruiz.

The Modell Law came into force after then-Browns owner Art Modell relocated the franchise to Baltimore in 1995. Ohio, spurned by Modell, wanted to make it more difficult for other pro sports owners to relocate a team from the Buckeye State. The law forbids Ohio-based pro teams that use a “tax-supported facility for most of its home games” and that “receive financial assistance” from playing home games “elsewhere.”

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The word “elsewhere” is unclarified as to whether it could refer to an intrastate move or is intended to only cover out-of-state relocations. 

Should a team wish to move, the Modell Law says it must provide the government with six months’ notice and offer the team for sale to the city or local buyers. Bibb’s letter complains the Browns haven’t provided the city or others with the opportunity to buy the franchise. He demands that if the Browns “intend to begin the six-month window during which the team must be offered for purchase,” the team must provide dates to meet scheduling benchmarks. 

For instance, Bibb says he needs “a day and time” to send over city representatives so they can “begin inspection and evaluation of the Browns’ records.”

Whether the Modell Law could actually block the Browns from relocating to Brook Park is an untested legal concept. Although the law was cited in court filings when the Columbus Crew planned to move to Austin, Texas, seven years ago, that legal dispute was resolved via settlement. It also concerned an out-of-state relocation, whereas the Browns seek a comparatively local move.

As Sportico detailed in October, the Browns contend the law is impermissibly vague because it: (1) doesn’t clarify how far a team must move for it to apply; (2) doesn’t explain what triggers six months’ advance notice; (3) violates the Constitution’s Commerce Clause, which prohibits states from excessively interfering with other states’ economies, by giving Ohio residents “preferential treatment” to buy the team; (4) violates the Constitution’s Contract Clause by impairing the Browns and NFL’s contractual obligations to one another concerning league approval of franchise relocation; and (5) violates the Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause by discriminating against citizens of other states (at least those who want to buy an NFL team). 

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Peter John-Baptiste, the chief communications officer of Haslam Sports Group, the Browns’ parent company, told Sportico in a statement that “we received and are reviewing the correspondence from Mayor Bibb.” He added, “As we stated months ago when we filed our lawsuit seeking clarity on the ‘Modell Law,’ the statute and the City’s actions create uncertainty and do not serve the interest of Greater Cleveland.” 

John-Baptiste also mentioned the team intends to meet all lease obligations while exploring ways to address longer-term stadium issues.

“As the City knows, after the 2028 season, we will have fulfilled our lease obligations at the current stadium. We are determined to create a project to solve our long-term stadium planning by building a new enclosed Huntington Bank Field and adjacent mix-used development, resulting in a substantial increase in premier large-scale events and economic activity for our region that will generate significant revenue for the City, County, and State. We intend to respond directly in due course to Mayor Bibb’s letter and have no further comment at this time.”

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Video: Cape Town’s Housing Problem

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Video: Cape Town’s Housing Problem

new video loaded: Cape Town’s Housing Problem

The rise of tourist rentals in Cape Town is driving up housing costs, deepening the inequality in the South African city that’s a legacy of apartheid. Our reporter John Eligon explores a multihour commute taken by workers who are priced out of the city.

By John Eligon, Joao Silva, Christina Thornell, Jon Miller, Leila Medina and June Kim

April 1, 2026

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Iran moderates pushing Trump deal risk being ‘eliminated’ as regime fractures deepen

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Iran moderates pushing Trump deal risk being ‘eliminated’ as regime fractures deepen

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Iranian officials pushing for negotiations with the United States risk being labeled traitors and “most likely eliminated,” according to a policy expert, as internal fractures emerge inside Iran’s new regime.

Hooshang Amirahmadi, president of the American Iranian Council, said moderates advocating engagement with Washington are increasingly vulnerable at a moment when the Trump administration says it is in contact with elements of a “new” leadership.

“If the moderates were to push toward negotiation and a ceasefire, they will be considered traitors and will most likely be eliminated,” Amirahmadi told Fox News Digital.

MEET IRAN’S HARDLINE SPEAKER WHO THREATENED TO BURN US FORCES — REPORTEDLY TEHRAN’S POINT MAN FOR TALKS

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Amirahmadi’s warning came as Washington also appears to be navigating internal “fractures” amid the ongoing conflict.

President Donald Trump on Monday said the U.S. is engaged in serious talks with a “new” and “more reasonable” regime in Iran as the war enters its fifth week, while Secretary of State Marco Rubio declined to say who exactly the U.S. is negotiating with but cited “fractures.”

Secretary of State Marco Rubio attends a meeting with China’s Foreign Minister (not pictured) in Munich Feb. 13, 2026, on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference.  ( Alex Brandon/Pool/AFP via Getty Images)

“Well, I’m not going to disclose to you who those people are, because it probably would get them in trouble with some other groups of people inside of Iran. Look, there are some fractures going on there internally,” Rubio said on “Good Morning America.”

“Anyone in Iran who speaks of negotiation is suspected of paving the way for more war and destruction,” Amirahmadi said before stating that the moderate reformers are thought of as “infiltrators and deemed traitors.”

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Amirahmadi also confirmed Rubio’s comments and highlighted an internal struggle within Tehran’s power structure, where remnants of what he called the “old regime,” or the Khamenei-era system, still exist.

“Many of them support negotiation or a ceasefire. But the emerging new regime is made up of more hard-line elements and views the others as traitors,” he said.

“For a long time, there has been a serious gap — what we call a cleavage — between the hardliners or radicals and the moderates or reformists.”

PAKISTAN’S AMBASSADOR WARNS IRAN TOO ‘WAR-TORN’ TO RESPOND QUICKLY AS TRUMP EXTENDS STRIKE DEADLINE

Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf attends a news conference at a conference hall in the Iranian Parliament building in Tehran, Iran, Dec. 2, 2025. (Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

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Amirahmadi also described how “assassination in the Islamic Republic is not a new phenomenon. It has been there for a long time.”

Amirahmadi spoke ahead of Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth saying Tuesday that Washington remains firm on reaching an agreement to end the monthlong conflict involving the U.S., Israel and the Islamic Republic.

Speaking at a news conference, Hegseth reiterated that Trump is willing to make a deal to end the war, adding the new regime is now in place.

“If Iran is smart, it will make a deal. The new Iranian regime should already know that. This new regime, having undergone a regime change, should be smarter than the previous one. President Trump does not bluff and will not back down. He will make a deal, he is willing and the terms of the deal are known to them,” Hegseth said.

“The field and the war are in the control of the radical colonels, and that is what matters at this point,” Amirahmadi added.

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“The established bureaucracy is still run by the same old moderate regime, but then that is not a new regime. The new regime is certainly more radical.”

WHO ACTUALLY RUNS IRAN RIGHT NOW? THE KEY POWER PLAYERS AS TRUMP CLAIMS TALKS TO ‘TOP’ OFFICIAL

Iran’s power structure is increasingly dominated by IRGC figures like Ahmad Vahidi (Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

Since the death of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and the succession of his son, Mojtaba Khamenei, the regime appears more reliant on the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

Iran’s power structure is increasingly dominated by IRGC figures like Ahmad Vahidi and Qods Force chief Esmail Qaani, alongside judicial figures such as Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and Ayatollah Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejei.

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While President Masoud Pezeshkian’s influence could have waned, figures like Saeed Jalili, Guardian Council insider Ayatollah Alireza Arafi and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi continue shaping Iran’s security posture.

“There are basically the colonels; there are the Revolutionary Guards, people that are in the military. A few non-military hardliners are in universities, in government and places,” Amirahmadi added.

“They have changed the regime into a very radical regime,” Amirahmadi warned, “I don’t even think Khamenei’s son would favor negotiation, at least initially.

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“His position and condition are not entirely clear. His leadership appears symbolic — a reaction, even a gesture against figures like Trump.

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“Trump and Netanyahu wanted regime change, and they have already achieved it, but the regime has just become more radical,” Amirahmadi concluded.

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Newsletter: Energy shock has Brussels on edge

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Newsletter: Energy shock has Brussels on edge

Good morning from Brussels. I’m Mared Gwyn with your last Europe Today newsletter before we go on a short break. We’ll be back next Tuesday.

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The EU’s energy chief Dan Jørgensen has warned member states that energy prices could remain high even if a peace deal to end the war in Iran is struck swiftly, urging capitals to prepare for the “potentially prolonged disruption.”

Euronews’ Marta Pacheco reports that EU countries may consider fuel rationing, remote work, and even “car-free Sundays”— a measure from the 1970s energy crisis — to curb oil and gas demand, as prices have surged 70% and 50%, respectively.

The warnings from Brussels suggest an increasing sense of nervousness over the economic repercussions of the conflict, as the reality of the looming crisis sets in. Marta has this handy explainer on the possible ramifications for Europe, and how countries are preparing.

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Speaking to Europe Today earlier, Poland’s Secretary of State for Energy Wojciech Wrochna said his country had already reined in prices by introducing a price cap and slashing fuel taxes, and said Brussels should give EU capitals “flexibility” to “drive the measures”. Watch.

On Tuesday, US President Donald Trump said countries which had dismissed earlier US requests for support to re-open the Strait of Hormuz – and which now face potential jet fuel shortages – should “build up some delayed courage, go to the Strait and just take it (the oil)”.

It’s awakening fears that the US could withdraw from the conflict without a settlement that would guarantee the safe re-opening of the Strait to international trade. Trump said overnight from the Oval Office that the war could end in “two or three weeks” and is due to address the nation with an update late on Wednesday.

Trump has also lashed out at France, despite heaping praise on the country for its position on the war in recent weeks, claiming Paris had prevented US planes headed to Israel with military supplies from flying over its territory.

“France has been VERY UNHELPFUL with respect to the “Butcher of Iran,” who has been successfully eliminated! The U.S.A. will REMEMBER!!!” Trump wrote on Truth Social.

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French President Emmanuel Macron’s office said in a statement that it was “surprised” by the US President’s remarks, but insisted that the decision was in line with “the French position since the start of this conflict”. Since early March, the French armed forces have said it would only authorise the use of US bases on French territory for defensive purposes.

Speaking from Japan earlier today, Macron hailed Europe’s “predictability” despite its perceived “slowness”, criticising countries which may go faster but could “hurt you without even informing you”, in an apparent jab at the Trump administration.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio told Fox News last night that the US will need to “examine” its relationship with NATO in the aftermath of the war, amid signs that the existing fractures between Washington and other allies have deepened dramatically since the start of the Iran conflict.

Meanwhile, EU foreign ministers held symbolic talks in Ukraine on Tuesday as they scramble to keep attention on the war-torn country amid the conflict in the Middle East, which risks out draining out military stockpiles and fueling Moscow’s warchest as countries look for alternatives amid global oil and gas disruption.

Speaking to Europe Today from Kyiv, Romanian Foreign Minister Oana Țoiu said the relationship between Ukraine and the EU is a “good” and “strong partnership”, despite President Zelenskyy recently drumming a series of deals with Gulf countries amid uncertainty over Western support.

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With the EU’s pivotal €90 billion loan for Ukraine still in deadlock due to Hungary’s veto, Țoiu said that the EU needs “better instruments” to enable “faster decisions” on foreign policy.

Kallas insists Russian assets are an option if Orbán doesn’t lift veto on Ukraine loan

Using Russia’s frozen assets to finance Ukraine remains an option if Viktor Orbán refuses to lift his veto on the €90 billion loan after the 12 April elections, EU High Representative Kaja Kallas said on Tuesday, Jorge Liboreiro reports.

Orbán has blocked the financial lifeline over an unrelated dispute with Kyiv regarding the Druzhba oil pipeline, after initially giving his political blessing to the loan in December when he, along with the Czech and Slovakian leaders, negotiated an exemption from any loan payments.

Kallas pointed out that the loan was a compromise deal when leaders failed to agree on leveraging Russian state assets immobilised within the EU due to scepticism led by Belgium, where a vast majority of the assets are held. Crucially, she said the assets should remain an option on the table if the loan continues to be blocked.

“Plan A was the use of frozen assets. So, we should also keep in mind that if plan B does not work, let’s go back to plan A, but we definitely need to deliver Ukraine the financing that they need to resist the Russian aggression,” Kallas said.

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Standing alongside Kallas, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha echoed the message, saying the immobilised assets are “not off the table” and “cannot be taken off the agenda until and unless Russia pays all the reparations”.

Jorge has more.

Frustration with Hungary mounts after leaked call shows foreign minister discussing EU sanctions removal with Russian counterpart

An explosive investigation released Tuesday by a group of European outlets showing the extent of the Hungarian Foreign Minister’s coordination with Moscow is exacerbating frustration in Brussels with the Orbán-led government.

The investigation includes a recording of a 2024 phone call between Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó and his Russian counterpart, Sergey Lavrov, in which Szijjártó offered to lobby to remove a Russian oligarch’s sister from EU sanctions at Lavrov’s request.

“I am calling at the request of Alisher, and he just asked me to remind you that you were doing something about his sister,” Lavrov told Szijjártó, referring to Russian oligarch Alisher Usmanov and his sister Gulbahor Ismailova.

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The Hungarian minister responds by saying that “together with the Slovaks, we are submitting a proposal to the European Union to delist her.”

Asked about the investigation in a press conference in Kyiv on Tuesday, the EU’s foreign policy chief, Kaja Kallas said: “European ministers should work for Europe not for Russia.”

Speaking beside Kallas, Ukraine’s Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha‎ called for a “proper reaction” from the EU.

Our correspondent Sándor Zsiros writes that the scandal has emerged as Hungary prepares for parliamentary elections on 12 April, with foreign interference and the government’s close ties to Moscow among the key campaign issues.

Szijjártó has defended his actions, arguing that speaking with Russian officials before and after such meetings is part of routine diplomatic practice.

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Sándor has more on the allegations.

More from our newsrooms

Should you book holiday flights now considering jet fuel price spikes? Jet fuel prices have more than doubled in recent weeks amid the ongoing Iran war. Airlines have responded with fare increases and temporary surcharges, so should you secure tickets now or wait? Quirino Mealha has the answers.

US wrong to negotiate, Iranian regime ‘not trustworthy,’ Iranian opposition leader says. Speaking to Euronews, the exiled leader of the Kurdish Iranian opposition said that no one in the Iranian regime was “trustworthy”, downplaying claims from the US administration that Iranian officials were “reasonable” negotiators. Maria Tadeo and Estelle Nilsson-Julienhave more.

We’re also keeping an eye on

  • US President Donald Trump to address the nation on the Iran war at 21.00 local time. The address will take place in the early hours in Europe (03.00 in Brussels).

That’s it for today. Marta Pacheco, Jorge Liboreiro and Sandor Zsiros contributed to this newsletter.

Europe Today is taking a break until Tuesday, April 7. We’ll see you then. Remember to sign up to receive Europe Today in your inbox every weekday morning at 08.30.

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