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Wyoming Broadband Manager Doesn’t Expect to Fund Much Fiber

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Elaina Zempel, manager of the Wyoming broadband office, laments that the office didn’t have more funds to distribute in its recent Capital Projects Fund (CPF) program, which awarded funding to network operators to cover some of the costs of deploying broadband to 15,000 unserved and underserved locations.

The $70.5 million in federal funds that the office had available to award was only 22% of the total amount of funding that network operators applied for.

Fortunately, NTIA allocated $347.9 million in rural broadband funding to Wyoming for the BEAD rural broadband funding program, so there is still an opportunity to fund many of the failed requests from Wyoming’s CPF round of funding.

The CPF allocations were for fiber projects, but Zempel expects the BEAD funding to skew more toward less costly technologies. Industry experts estimate that Wyoming will be one of the states that will deploy the least per-capita fiber in the BEAD program. Only 30% of unserved and underserved locations will get fiber, according to an analysis from Cartesian and ACA Connects.

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According to Zempel, the state’s BEAD allocation is roughly a third of what would be required to get fiber to everyone.

“We are grateful for the investment but there isn’t enough money to deliver the program’s stated goal of broadband for all” with fiber, Zempel said.

Wyoming’s situation arises, in part, because the state is the most sparsely populated in the U.S., with less than six people per square mile.

“Urban centers in Wyoming aren’t even urban centers – is 500 people urban?” said Zempel.

The biggest problem, she said, “is that our population density doesn’t make the investment worth it, companies can’t get the cash flow to work. Businesses are for-profit entities, and we need to respect that.”

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Alternative Technologies

Fixed wireless will be a tool used to reach remote locations, but in some areas, there may not even be a business case for fixed wireless, Zempel explained.

“Fixed wireless won’t be the answer alone as it doesn’t go around a mountain, go through trees, or climb a cliff – we have a lot of natural barriers making satellite the only option for many areas,” she said. “Our plan will need to lean on other technologies including fixed wireless and satellite, but what does that mean? Do we buy people a dish? We are still figuring this out.”

Zempel herself relies on a satellite connection for her home, where she reports receiving slightly better that 100 Mbps. But performance is highly weather dependent.

People Skills

Zempel is the third person to head up Wyoming’s broadband office, which was established by the state legislature in 2018 as part of the Economically Needed Diversity Options for Wyoming (ENDOW) program. The broadband office is housed in the Wyoming Business Council (WBC) and overseen by the Wyoming Business Council Board of Directors, which includes Governor Mark Gordon.

Zempel, who has a long history serving in economic development, is the only person in Wyoming’s broadband office. Nevertheless, the position requires strong people skills, she said.

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She jokes that she sometimes needs to get everyone looking forward instead of airing grievances from past disappointments, “It’s like a marriage, you have to move on… you can’t bring up what happened in 1985… it’s not productive.”  

Looking Forward

In preparation for BEAD, Zempel encourages applicants to actually read the grant guidelines, five-year plan, etc. from the broadband office before applying.

She says selecting CPF recipients in Wyoming was simple in that “applicants that paid attention and read what received points did very well, those who didn’t seem to read the grant guidelines didn’t receive funding. I would encourage entities that want BEAD funding to read what receives points. The object is to reach as many people as we can.”

As the Wyoming office gets ready for the application process, Zempel is running a ‘prequalification round’ to make sure that all the pass/fail requirements for compliance are taken care of ahead of time.

“We can’t take in applications until the challenge process is done, but we can . . . prequalify,” she said. “We learned in CPF that we absolutely need prequalification so that people can be ready to go.”

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Zempel said this will tighten up the contract process and get construction underway faster in 2025. Project areas in Wyoming are being defined by grouping census blocks.

The latest count of Wyoming’s unserved population is 29K and its underserved number is 18K. Zempel does point out, though, that many people literally come to Wyoming to disconnect, so universal access should be measured differently here.

“The goal of ‘broadband for all,’ for us, that will be hard,” said Zempel. “We need to respect the wishes of folks who want to unplug and realize ‘universal’ in Wyoming might be closer to 95 than 100%.”



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University of Wyoming trustees punt on concealed-carry vote as debate over guns on campus continues – WyoFile

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University of Wyoming trustees punt on concealed-carry vote as debate over guns on campus continues – WyoFile


The University of Wyoming Board of Trustees deferred a decision Thursday on whether to adopt a concealed-carry policy for UW’s campus after hearing from students and staff who overwhelmingly oppose the change. 

“I think it’s prudent for the committee to step back, get together, maybe sometime this afternoon briefly to compare notes and make sure we have not missed an issue that was brought up today in public comments that should be considered in the rule,” Trustee John McKinley said at the meeting. 

With few exceptions, opposition to concealed carry on campus defined Thursday’s public comment period, with UW students, staff and faculty citing concerns over safety and gun violence. 

The policy has formally been in the works since August, when the state’s sole public four-year university sought input on possible changes to its firearms regulations following a request from Gov. Mark Gordon. 

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In March, the governor rejected legislation that would have done away with most gun-free zones in Wyoming and would have allowed people with concealed carry permits to bring firearms into most public spaces overseen by the state. 

“This is not a veto of the notion of repealing gun free zones, it is a request to approach this topic more transparently,” Gordon wrote in his veto letter. “With the authority already in place to address this issue at a local level, I call on school districts, community colleges, and the University to take up these difficult conversations again and establish policies and provisions for their districts.”

University administration has “worked very hard to comply and to draft a rule,” UW President Ed Seidel said at the Thursday meeting. 

University of Wyoming President Ed Seidel listens March 21, 2024, during a board of trustees meeting at the campus. (Ashton J. Hacke/WyoFile)

Meantime, UW Trustee Chairman Kermit Brown made plain that the board is also keeping another branch of Wyoming’s government in mind. 

“This topic is going to come up in the Legislature again [next session],” Brown said. “I will guarantee you there’s going to be a bill, and that bill is going to be an overarching reach that would go over the top of all the rules the university makes, all the rules that anybody makes, and mandate statewide what the rule in this state is going to be about carrying concealed weapons and open carry for that matter.”

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Indeed, Wyoming Freedom Caucus Chairman Emeritus Rep. John Bear (R-Gillette) told WyoFile in August that eliminating gun-free zones across the state would be a priority of the group of hard-line Republicans in 2025. 

Since then, the Freedom Caucus won control of the state House of Representatives in the general election and is expected to secure leadership positions when Republican lawmakers caucus this weekend. 

Brown, who previously served as Wyoming’s Speaker of the House, called on those who were “impassioned” and “dedicated today to the position you took with this board,” to not limit their advocacy to Thursday’s meeting.

“You have to go to Cheyenne when they have those hearings and those meetings,” Brown said. “You have to talk to your individual legislators, and you have to go to Cheyenne and make your wishes known.

“Because this board is going to do whatever it’s going to do. We’re trying to find a position that maybe will be acceptable to the Legislature, but we don’t know whether the Legislature will accept it, or whether they’ll cast all this aside and do their own thing,” Brown said. 

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UW Trustee Chairman Kermit Brown. (Courtesy)

The discussion comes amid increasing political pressure on UW’s decisions ranging from the now-shuttered Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, to athletics and longtime services for marginalized students. 

The trustees’ vote on the policy is now set for 10:15 a.m. Friday. 

Amendments and public comment 

Like Thursday, the public comment at a Monday town hall on campus was overwhelmingly characterized by opposition. 

Many of those who spoke Monday raised specific concerns about UW’s residence halls as well as its Early Care and Education Center (ECEC), which operates as a preschool and daycare, among other things. 

In response, the trustees added residence halls and the ECEC and its grounds to the areas on campus exempt from the proposed concealed-carry rules ahead of Thursday’s meeting.

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Several ECEC staff and parents thanked the board for doing so at Thursday’s meeting.

The board also added Half Acre Recreation and Wellness Center — the gym on campus — as well as “fitness facilities and indoor practice areas” to the exemptions. 

Caroline McCracken-Flesher, a faculty member, pointed to the areas and instances that remain.

“UW is a place of education. Among the exemptions listed in this document, places of education are conspicuous by their absence,” McCracken-Flesher said. “By this document, protected spaces are the Legislature, its meetings, its committees, any meeting of a governmental entity, perhaps including this board, [and] Faculty Senate meetings. In other words, places frequented by those who vote on this document.”

University classrooms and faculty offices, which are not exempt from the policy, are “places of ideas,” McCracken-Flesher said. 

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“That means they are necessarily places of contention. They’re places of great anxiety, they’re places of academic rivalry. They are not places for weaponry.”

Liz Pearson, a student, said the university’s focus should be elsewhere. 

“We have a huge mental health crisis on the UW campus,” Pearson told the board. “Why aren’t we talking about that? Why aren’t we talking about the issues that have arisen due to DEI being defunded? Why aren’t we talking about students that currently feel unsafe on campus due to campus life and culture?”

Pearson also pointed to the results of UW’s survey, which showed that 64.4% of respondents wanted the university’s no-guns policy to remain the same. 

The one person to speak in favor of the policy Thursday was Brandon Calloway, a third-year law student. 

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“Under the current policy, uncertainty prevails,” Calloway said, pointing to the fact that concealed carry is already allowed on certain university grounds, such as the central green space on campus known as Prexy’s Pasture.

“If someone carries a concealed weapon and uses it to protect themselves or others from an active assailant, they would violate university policy and break the law, even if saving lives,” Calloway said. “The proposal eliminates this contradiction.”

The most recent version of the draft policy can be found here. The proposed changes are in red. 

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Spring registration open at Central Wyoming College

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Spring registration open at Central Wyoming College


JACKSON, Wyo. — Central Wyoming College (CWC) spring registration is now open!

CWC offers in-person and online Associates, Bachelors of Applied Science and leadership programs. CWC gives students the opportunity to pursue higher education while developing skills that will allow them to transition into meaningful careers. 

From the creative to the curious, CWC provides diverse programs in high-demand fields such as business, hospitality, culinary, outdoor education, science, nursing and English as a second language. Browse courses here.

Fascinated by shows like CSI and NCIS? Interested in learning more about the art and science of criminal investigations? Criminal Investigation I (CRMJ-2130), is co-taught by Michelle Weber, Chief of Police for the town of Jackson. Open to those interested in pursuing work in the field of law enforcement and for those curious about forensics, interviewing and interrogation, surveillance and more.

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Interested in pursuing a career as a writer? Andrew Siegel, a MFA student in creative writing from University of Wyoming, will teach Creative Writing: Fiction (ENGL-2050) in the spring. ENGL-2050 is open to students who have taken the prerequisite (ENGL-1010) and anyone with a college degree (Associate’s, Bachelor’s, or Graduate).

Interested in enrolling? CWC is an open-enrollment school, which means all students are accepted once their application has been submitted. Apply below today:



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Wyoming governor pledges to appeal after judge blocks pro-life laws

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Wyoming governor pledges to appeal after judge blocks pro-life laws


Here is a roundup of recent pro-life and abortion-related news.

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Wyoming judge blocks state pro-life laws

Wyoming Gov. Mark Gordon plans to appeal to the state Supreme Court after a county judge blocked two pro-life laws in Wyoming. The judge blocked the Life Is a Human Right Act, which protected unborn children except in cases when the mother’s life was at risk or in cases of rape or incest, as well as a law prohibiting chemical abortions via abortion pills, a law signed by Gordon in March 2023. 

Gordon said on Tuesday that the ruling was “frustrating” and that he instructed his attorney general to prepare to appeal the decision to the Wyoming Supreme Court.

Teton County District Judge Melissa Owens ruled on Monday that the two laws violated the state constitution by restricting medical decisions. Owen has blocked Wyoming abortion laws three times since the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022. Now that the ruling has been struck down, abortion is legal up until fetal viability in Wyoming.

The plaintiffs included Wyoming abortion clinic Wellspring Health Access, two obstetricians, two other women, and the Wyoming abortion advocacy group Chelsea’s Fund. Following the ruling, Chelsea’s Fund stated on Tuesday that it “will do everything in our power to uphold this ruling in the Wyoming Supreme Court.”

Montana judge blocks licensing law for abortion clinic 

A Montana District Court temporarily paused the state’s recent health department licensing regulations for abortion clinics amid pending litigation. House Bill 937 required licensure and regulation of abortion clinics and included rules for sanitation standards, emergency equipment, and hotlines for women who are coerced into an abortion or are victims of sex trafficking.

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Two abortion providers, All Families Healthcare in Kalispell and Blue Mountain Clinic in Missoula, and an abortionist sued over the regulations, saying they would have to close if they were implemented. Lewis and Clark County District Court Judge Chris Abbot ruled in their favor, saying that H.B. 937 was a shift in “the status quo” that abortion providers “are not generally considered health care facilities subject to a licensure requirement.” Montana voters approved Initiative 128 on Election Day, enshrining a right to abortion in the constitution and allowing abortion after fetal viability.

Virginia bishops condemn fast-tracked right to abortion proposal

Two Virginia bishops recently opposed a proposed amendment granting a right to abortion, which was fast-tracked by the state House Privileges and Elections Committee. Bishops Michael Burbidge of Arlington and Barry Knestout of Richmond in a Nov. 13 statement called the proposed right to abortion “a fundamental tragedy.” Virginia law currently allows abortion up to 26 weeks and six days and allows abortion after that in certain cases. Burbidge and Knestout encouraged Virginia to “work instead for policies that affirm the life and dignity of every mother and every child.”

The bishops also opposed a fast-tracked proposal to remove the definition of marriage as between one man and one woman from the state constitution. The bishops noted that they “affirm the dignity of every person” and “affirm too that marriage is exclusively the union of one man and one woman.” Following the election, the bishops encouraged “deep engagement in decisions” that are at “the heart of who we are.”





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