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Is Utah passing too many laws? Gov. Cox thinks so

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Is Utah passing too many laws? Gov. Cox thinks so


  • Lawmakers introduced 962 bills and passed 582 during the 2025 legislative session.
  • Gov. Spencer Cox said this is “way too many” and could hurt the quality of legislation.
  • Some states, like California, limit the number of bills introduced by each lawmaker.

Utah Gov. Spencer Cox said he will discuss changes with lawmakers to decrease the number of bills jammed into the state’s short legislative session.

The Beehive State has one of the shortest lawmaking periods in the entire country, coming in at a constitutionally mandated 45 days. In 2025, only one other state has a 45-day session, Virginia, most other states range from four months to yearlong.

Despite its abbreviated session, Utah has seen a steady increase in the number of bills introduced and passed by the House and Senate’s 104 members over the last decade, and especially in the last three years.

In 2025, the Legislature introduced 959 bills and resolutions — a new record. And it sent 582 bills to the governor’s desk — second only to 2024, which saw elected representatives write, debate and approve 591 pieces of legislation.

“I think we passed way too many bills,” Cox told reporters on the final night of the legislative session.

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Cox touted the work of his administration collaborating with the legislative branch to fit so much into such a short time and complimented legislators’ “messy” “sausage-making” as having produced mostly good policy. But there is room to improve, he said.

Cox committed to talk with legislative leadership during the interim between sessions about ways to “ratchet” down the number of bills “so that we can have more process, so that we can get better outcomes.”

“The process really matters,” Cox said. “How we do things is almost as important as what we do.”

While legislators got to say goodbye to the Capitol late on March 7, the end of the session marked the beginning of an intensive 20-day window where Cox’s office will review each of the bills.

Cox refused to comment on whether he planned to veto any specific bills. In 2024, Cox used his veto power on seven bills to instruct the Legislature on which bills were unnecessary because they could have been solved with a “phone call.”

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“There is a cost associated with each new piece of legislation, and I’m increasingly concerned that we’re not giving government administration adequate time to implement policy changes — both at the state and local levels,“ Cox told the Deseret News in a statement on Wednesday. ”With this recent trend of record-setting numbers of bills, it’s time to rethink our approach.”

Will lawmakers limit bills?

Over the last 15 years, the number of bills introduced each session has increased from the low 700s to the high 900s, according to data compiled by Adam Brown, an associate professor of political science at Brigham Young University.

The number of bills passed has similarly increased from around 480 to 580. As the number of bills has gone up, the time spent on the floor debating bills in both chambers has decreased from a median of around 14 minutes to 11 minutes, Brown’s analysis found.

“Lawmakers have a built-in incentive to introduce legislation, since passing more bills in their own name gives them something to highlight to voters,” Brown said. “But with only 45 days in the legislative session, more bills inevitably mean less time for thoughtful debate.”

Senate Majority Leader Kirk Cullimore, R-Sandy, said during the last week of the session that the number of bills being passed at the state level might actually reflect positive differences between Utah and Washington, D.C.

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Unlike Congress, where updates to code, small amendments and new provisions can all be added into federal statute in one giant “omnibus” bill, the Utah Legislature must consider each separate issue in state code in separate bills. A large portion of these bills are passed rapidly with a unanimous “consent” vote.

“We have the one subject rule,” Cullimore said. “Some of them are just tweaking things that we’ve done in years past, and it’s a line or two. At the federal level, you’d see that just merged into other bills.”

Senate President Stuart Adams, R-Layton, pushed back against policy changes to bring down the total number of bills.

While he would prefer there to be fewer bills, Adams said there is already a vigorous vetting process in place that winnows the initial number of around 1,500 bills that start being drafted, to less than 1,000 that are introduced, to less than 600 that are ultimately passed on the floor after committee consideration.

“We’re not going to limit the number of bills,” Adams said. “We’re not going to set a quota on it.”

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How does Utah compare to other states?

Utah legislators actually introduce far fewer bills than legislators in other states — though this may have something to do with the truncated legislative session.

Over the 2023-24 legislative session, New York lawmakers introduced 24,284 bills, Massachusetts had 16,670 and Texas had 13,092, with many states hovering between 2,000 and 5,000.

Utah sat at the back of the pack, with Alaska introducing the fewest bills, at 812, and Wyoming, Idaho and the Dakotas joining Utah at around 1,000 introduced pieces of legislation.

Some states have placed a limit on the number of bills each lawmaker may introduce. California limits its lawmakers to 35 bills that they can introduce during each two-year session.

Utah could follow California’s lead in setting a cap on the number of bills each lawmaker can introduce, Brown said, or the state could also consider extending the length of the session, letting lawmakers hire professional staff to help evaluate bills or setting earlier deadlines for lawmakers to draft, introduce and pass bills.

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But, at Utah’s levels, an increasing number of new bill files might actually be a good thing, according to James Curry, a professor of political science at the University of Utah.

“One of the measures of a healthy legislature is members actively introducing policy ideas (rather than doing very little and letting unelected bureaucrats make policy),” Curry said. “We should want them trying to do more, not less.”

The more interesting question is why Utah legislators introduce so few bills, Curry said. The reasons could include the inertia of doing things as they have been done in the past or a desire from leadership to maintain more control over the process, Curry said.

Which lawmakers introduced the most bills?

The number of bills introduced by individual lawmakers vary dramatically.

Over the past four legislative sessions, a handful of lawmakers have consistently introduced two to four times the number of bills as the median lawmaker.

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These lawmakers include: Sens. Wayne Harper, R-Taylorsville; Lincoln Fillmore, R-South Jordan; and Todd Weiler, R-Woods Cross; and House Rules Chair Jordan Teuscher, R-South Jordan.

In 2025, Weiler, Harper and Fillmore again topped the list, with Weiler requesting 33 bill files and Harper and Fillmore each requesting 26. Teuscher requested more than any other representative, with 19 bill requests.



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Game Preview: 12.14.25 vs. Utah Mammoth | Pittsburgh Penguins

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Game Preview: 12.14.25 vs. Utah Mammoth | Pittsburgh Penguins


Game Notes

Quick Hits

1) Today, Pittsburgh concludes its fifth set of back-to-back games. So far, the Penguins are 2-3-4 in back-to-backs (2-1-2 on the first night and 0-2-2 on the second night).

2) The Penguins enter today’s game ranked first in the NHL in power-play percentage (32.9%) and fifth in penalty kill success rate (84.3%).

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3) Yesterday, Sidney Crosby notched two power-play points (1G-1A), making him the 12th player in NHL history to record 600 or more power-play points.

4) Sidney Crosby’s next even-strength goal will surpass Phil Esposito (448) for sole possession of the ninth-most even-strength goals in NHL history.

5) Goaltender Stuart Skinner is 2-0-0 with a 2.00 goals-against average and a .920 save percentage in two career games versus Utah. Only Darcy Kuemper (4), Sergei Bobrovsky (3) and Lukas Dostal (3) have more wins against the Mammoth in NHL history.

FRANCHISE ICON

Sidney Crosby enters tonight’s game riding a four-game point streak (1G-4A) and has points in seven of his last eight games (6G-5A). Crosby, who has notched 1,711 points (644G-1,077A) in his career, sits just two points shy of tying Mario Lemieux’s franchise record of 1,723 points.

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When Crosby ties Lemieux, only two players in NHL history will have recorded more points with one franchise: Gordie Howe and Steve Yzerman.

The captain enters tonight’s game with six goals over his last eight games (6G-5A), and is tied for fourth in the NHL in goals.

HOME COOKIN’

Forward Bryan Rust recorded three points (1G-2A) yesterday against San Jose, giving him five points (2G-3A) over his last two games, both of which have come at home. This season, only Sidney Crosby has more points than Rust at PPG Paints Arena.

DECEMBER LEADERS

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Forward Anthony Mantha notched a season-high three points (1G-2A) yesterday against San Jose, giving him six points (2G-4A) over his last six games. Since the calendar flipped to December, only three players on Pittsburgh have more points than him (Bryan Rust, Sidney Crosby, Erik Karlsson).

POINT PRODUCIN’

Defenseman Kris Letang enters tonight’s game one point shy of surpassing Hall-of-Famer Borje Salming for the 21st most points by a defenseman in NHL history.

PENS ACQUIRE SKINNER AND KULAK

On Friday, the Penguins acquired goaltender Stuart Skinner, defenseman Brett Kulak and the Edmonton Oilers 2029 second-round draft pick in exchange for goaltender Tristan Jarry and forward Sam Poulin.

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Skinner, 27, has appeared in 23 games this season for the Oilers where he’s gone 11-8-4 with a 2.83 goals-against average and two shutouts. The 6-foot-4, 215-pound goaltender has spent his entire professional career with Edmonton, appearing in 197 career regular-season games going 109-62-18 with a 2.74 goals-against average, a .904 save percentage and nine shutouts. Skinner’s 109 regular-season wins rank fifth in Oilers franchise history while his nine shutouts are tied for fourth.

The native of Edmonton, Alberta also has 50 games of Stanley Cup Playoff experience, going 26-22 with a 2.88 goals-against average. Skinner most recently helped the Oilers reach back-to-back Stanley Cup Finals, and only eight active goaltenders have more postseason wins than his 26.

Kulak, 31, is a veteran of 611 NHL games split between Edmonton, Montreal and Calgary since 2014. The defenseman is coming off of a career year, where he tallied career highs across the board with seven goals, 18 assists and 25 points in 82 games in 2024-25. This season, he has recorded two assists through 31 games.

Throughout parts of 12 seasons in the league, the 6-foot-2, 192-pound defenseman has registered 28 goals, 99 assists and 127 points. Kulak has added three goals, 21 assists and 24 points through 98 career playoff games, including a combined 13 points (2G-11A) in 47 games over the past two years en route to back-to-back Stanley Cup Finals.

The acquisition of Edmonton’s 2029 second-round draft pick gives Pittsburgh eight selections in the 2029 NHL Draft – their original seven selections plus the Oiler’s second-round pick.

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Walker Kessler’s Desired Extension Price With Utah Jazz Surfaces

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Walker Kessler’s Desired Extension Price With Utah Jazz Surfaces


It looks like we might have a general ballpark of what type of contract extension numbers Walker Kessler was seeking from the Utah Jazz before the 2025-26 NBA season when negotiations were ongoing.

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According to a batch of NBA rumors from Grant Afseth of DallasHoopsJournal, Kessler was said to have desired upwards of $120 million in total value for his next contract, a price that Utah was seemingly unwilling to match.

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“In contract discussions with the Jazz, Kessler sought upwards of $120 million in total compensation for a long-term contract extension, sources told , but Utah was unwilling to commit to that price range,” Afseth wrote. “There was a clear gap in talks between Kessler and Utah,’ one source said.”

It’s an interesting nugget thrown into the situation is Kessler’s pending new contract, offering a bit of insight into what exactly was expected from Kessler’s camp in the negotiations for a second deal with the Jazz.

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Kessler Was Searching for $120M From Utah Jazz

Earlier this summer, it initially seemed as if the expected outcome would be for the Jazz and Kessler to hammer out a new rookie extension to ink him on for the next four-to-five years.

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But instead, Utah wanted to prioritize having that cap flexibility until next summer rolled around; ultimately leaving their fourth-year big man to play out the final year of his deal, then hit restricted free agency in 2026.

That’s exactly what would transpire, but it wouldn’t take long for Kessler’s fourth season in the mix to be quickly derailed, as he would go down with season-ending shoulder surgery just five games into the year, now leaving him to prepare for the 2026-27 campaign, and cutting a pivotal contract year short.

Before getting injured this season to be sidelined for the entire year, Kessler played five games where he averaged a career-best 14.4 points a game, along with 10.8 rebounds, 3.0 assists, and 1.8 block in just over 30 minutes a night.

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Oct 22, 2025; Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Los Angeles Clippers guard Cam Christie (12) drives against Utah Jazz center Walker Kessler (24) during the second half at Delta Center. Mandatory Credit: Rob Gray-Imagn Images | Rob Gray-Imagn Images

It’s not exactly concrete of exactly what Kessler was searching on that new contract, but a $150 million value over the next five years would place him into the top-12 highest paid centers in the NBA per AAV.

That’s a hefty price to pay, no doubt. But for one of the more appealing young rim protectors around the league who’s gotten better every season, that might be a deal one team may be willing to pay him on the restricted free agency market, which would then force the Jazz to match that $30 million annually to keep him on their own roster.

Inevitably, the Jazz and Kessler will hit the negotiation table once again this summer as the two sides try to remain paired together for the long haul. Then, time will tell if they’ll be able to come to that long-awaited agreement to lock him into a fresh contract for what could be the next half-decade.

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Be sure to bookmark Utah Jazz On SI and follow @JazzOnSI on X to stay up-to-date on daily Utah Jazz news, interviews, breakdowns and more!



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Commentary: Recalling the Christmas of Catholic nuns and slave cabin singers

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Commentary: Recalling the Christmas of Catholic nuns and slave cabin singers


It’s not easy to pick the most memorable Christmas in Salt Lake City history.

There was, of course, that first Dec. 25 in Utah for the Mormon pioneers. They worked on Christmas Day 1847 but paused briefly for a simple feast.

The original Catholic church in Utah — the old St. Mary Magdalene on 200 East between South Temple and 100 South — hosted the city’s first Christmas midnight mass in December 1871.

The Salt Lake Tribune helped launch the tradition of downtown holiday decorating in 1945 and the old ZCMI store (where Macy’s now sits) on Main Street started decorating its windows with Christmas candy in the early 1970s. Temple Square’s Christmas light displays began in 1965.

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The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square did not perform annual Christmas concerts until 2000. Willam Christensen choreographed “The Nutcracker” in California in 1944 but first brought it to Utah a decade later.

And memorable for all the wrong reasons, just after noon on Dec. 25, 1859, Salt Lakers had to dodge dozens of bullets from a Christmas Day gunfight that raged up and down Main Street.

Although all these holidays were unique, December 1875 stands out for me. It was the Christmas of Catholic nuns and slave cabin singers.

The Holy Cross sisters arrive

The Holy Cross Sisters had first arrived here from their convent in Notre Dame, Indiana, six months earlier. Sister Raymond (Mary) Sullivan and Sister Augusta (Amanda) Anderson traveled to Salt Lake City via train and stagecoach at the invitation of Father Lawrence Scanlan (soon to be Utah’s bishop), and more followed.

Scanlan hoped the nuns would help his fledgling Catholic community build schools and meet other human and spiritual needs. They did just that.

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A few years earlier, Sister Augusta had started her Holy Cross work as a Civil War nurse. She managed two Union army hospitals so well in the 1860s that Gen. Ulysses S. Grant exclaimed, “What a wonderful woman she is. She can control the men better than I can.”

Utah bard Gerald (Gary) McDonough’s aunt was a Holy Cross Sister, too, but a few years later. In his poem “Porch Nuns,” McDonough colorfully described the long black Holy Cross robes, also donned by pioneers like Sister Augusta.

Calling their veils “corrugated halos that circled their heads, Like broad white-walled tires,” he explained that whenever they visited his family, intrigued Latter-day Saint neighbors would emerge to watch “the giant emperor penguins, milling about the McDonoughs’ front porch.”

One can only imagine how unusual it was for the Salt Lake City Latter-day Saints to see those “giant emperor penguins” milling about downtown for the first time during the Christmas season of 1875.

That December, the women of St. Mary Magdalene church organized a fair to raise money for the new Holy Cross Hospital. A large crowd — including Catholics and Latter-day Saints — attended.

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The Tribune called it the “greatest attraction of the season,” one with music, plays, shooting galleries, “richly furnished refreshment tables,” and a “magnificent display of skillfully and delicately wrought fancy articles” for sale.

‘The Tennesseans’ perform

(Wikimedia Commons) Tennesseans concert poster shows Donavin’s original Tennessean slave cabin singers.

During the same week the grand fair was open, a popular singing group called “the Tennesseans” was in town as part of a national tour.

Contemporary newspaper articles and advertisements described the Tennesseans as “slave cabin singers” who performed “old plantation melodies and camp meeting hymns” from the South. These college students who once were slaves earned rave reviews wherever they sang.

After watching them perform, The Tribune said the widespread praise for the Tennesseans was well deserved. The Utah Evening Mail proclaimed them better than “any singers that have visited Salt Lake,” and the Deseret News called them the “most superb colored company in America.”

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(The Salt Lake Tribune) December 1875 Tribune ad for the Tennesseans’ December 1875 concerts in Salt Lake City.

One evening just before Christmas, right after the Tennesseans had finished a concert at the old Salt Lake Theatre, they stopped by the fair. To the crowd’s delight, they sang a couple of songs.

And then they did something that made the Christmas of 1875 one of the most memorable in Utah history. The former slaves serenaded the Holy Cross Sisters.

The Tribune reported that the Tennesseans sang some of “their finest melodies” to honor “Mother Augusta for her services in checking the Negro massacre at Fort Pillow during the war.” The Utah Evening Mail called the impromptu concert “an expression of gratitude” to the Holy Cross Sisters whose “humane services in aiding to suppress the Fort Pillow massacre” and whose “uniform devotion to the relief of the soldiers” would never be forgotten.

About the massacre

(Wikimedia Commons) A hand-colored 1892 print of the Battle of Fort Pillow by Kurz and Allison, a well-known Chicago firm specializing in colorful and dramatic chromolithograph prints of American historical events. The original is in the Library of Congress.

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In April 1864, Confederates massacred hundreds of Black Union soldiers stationed at a fortress the rebels had conquered in Tennessee. Sister Augusta cared for the surviving Fort Pillow victims at a nearby hospital she supervised.

It was difficult work.

Sister Augusta’s journal describes the appalling conditions of that hospital when she arrived: “Although we were tired and sick for want of sleep, there was no rest for us. We pinned up our habits, got brooms and buckets of water, and washed the bloodstained walls and scrubbed the floors. … The hospital was full of sick and wounded, but after some days, we succeeded in getting it comparatively clean.”

Notre Dame President Father William Corby — the chaplain of the Irish Brigade that famously fought at the Battle of Gettysburg — noted the full measure of Sister Augusta’s devotion: “The labors and self-sacrifices of the [Holy Cross] Sisters during the war need no praise here. Their praise is on the lips of every surviving soldier who experienced their kind and careful administrations.”

The grateful Tennesseans also remembered and thanked the Holy Cross Sisters with the gift of music. I cannot say for certain just what they sang 150 years ago in Salt Lake City during that most unusual Christmas of 1875. But I like to think that as the stars and the moon bathed the Wasatch foothills with a soft white light, the lovely lyrics of one song in particular — an old spiritual also born on a Southern plantation — rose gently into the crisp winter air and echoed off the snow-covered Oquirrh slopes, perhaps for the first time:

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When I was a seeker,

I sought both night and day.

I asked the Lord to help me,

And he showed me the way.

Go tell it on the mountain,

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Over the hills and everywhere,

Go tell it on the mountain,

That Jesus Christ is born!

(Courtesy photo)
Writer and attorney Michael Patrick O’Brien.

Note to readers Michael Patrick O’Brien is a writer and attorney living in Salt Lake City who frequently represents The Salt Lake Tribune in legal matters. His book “Monastery Mornings: My Unusual Boyhood Among the Saints and Monks,” was chosen by the League of Utah Writers as the best nonfiction book in 2022. His new holiday novel, tentatively titled “The Merry Matchmaker Monks of Shamrock Valley,” will be published in time for Christmas 2026. He blogs at theboymonk.com.

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